/** @file mdb.c
 *	@brief Lightning memory-mapped database library
 *
 *	A Btree-based database management library modeled loosely on the
 *	BerkeleyDB API, but much simplified.
 */
/*
 * Copyright 2011-2021 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted only as authorized by the OpenLDAP
 * Public License.
 *
 * A copy of this license is available in the file LICENSE in the
 * top-level directory of the distribution or, alternatively, at
 * <http://www.OpenLDAP.org/license.html>.
 *
 * This code is derived from btree.c written by Martin Hedenfalk.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 Martin Hedenfalk <martin@bzero.se>
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
 * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 */
#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
#endif
#if defined(MDB_VL32) || defined(__WIN64__)
#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS	64
#endif
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <malloc.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <wchar.h>				/* get wcscpy() */

/* We use native NT APIs to setup the memory map, so that we can
 * let the DB file grow incrementally instead of always preallocating
 * the full size. These APIs are defined in <wdm.h> and <ntifs.h>
 * but those headers are meant for driver-level development and
 * conflict with the regular user-level headers, so we explicitly
 * declare them here. We get pointers to these functions from
 * NTDLL.DLL at runtime, to avoid buildtime dependencies on any
 * NTDLL import libraries.
 */
typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI NtCreateSectionFunc)
	(OUT PHANDLE sh, IN ACCESS_MASK acc,
	IN void * oa OPTIONAL,
	IN PLARGE_INTEGER ms OPTIONAL,
	IN ULONG pp, IN ULONG aa, IN HANDLE fh OPTIONAL);

static NtCreateSectionFunc *NtCreateSection;

typedef enum _SECTION_INHERIT {
	ViewShare = 1,
	ViewUnmap = 2
} SECTION_INHERIT;

typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI NtMapViewOfSectionFunc)
	(IN PHANDLE sh, IN HANDLE ph,
	IN OUT PVOID *addr, IN ULONG_PTR zbits,
	IN SIZE_T cs, IN OUT PLARGE_INTEGER off OPTIONAL,
	IN OUT PSIZE_T vs, IN SECTION_INHERIT ih,
	IN ULONG at, IN ULONG pp);

static NtMapViewOfSectionFunc *NtMapViewOfSection;

typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI NtCloseFunc)(HANDLE h);

static NtCloseFunc *NtClose;

/** getpid() returns int; MinGW defines pid_t but MinGW64 typedefs it
 *	as int64 which is wrong. MSVC doesn't define it at all, so just
 *	don't use it.
 */
#define MDB_PID_T	int
#define MDB_THR_T	DWORD
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#ifdef __GNUC__
# include <sys/param.h>
#else
# define LITTLE_ENDIAN	1234
# define BIG_ENDIAN	4321
# define BYTE_ORDER	LITTLE_ENDIAN
# ifndef SSIZE_MAX
#	define SSIZE_MAX	INT_MAX
# endif
#endif
#define MDB_OFF_T	int64_t
#else
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#define MDB_PID_T	pid_t
#define MDB_THR_T	pthread_t
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_FILE_H
#include <sys/file.h>
#endif
#include <fcntl.h>
#define MDB_OFF_T	off_t
#endif
#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__MACH__)
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#endif

#if defined(__mips) && defined(__linux)
/* MIPS has cache coherency issues, requires explicit cache control */
#include <asm/cachectl.h>
extern int cacheflush(char *addr, int nbytes, int cache);
#define CACHEFLUSH(addr, bytes, cache)	cacheflush(addr, bytes, cache)
#else
#define CACHEFLUSH(addr, bytes, cache)
#endif

#if defined(__linux) && !defined(MDB_FDATASYNC_WORKS)
/** fdatasync is broken on ext3/ext4fs on older kernels, see
 *	description in #mdb_env_open2 comments. You can safely
 *	define MDB_FDATASYNC_WORKS if this code will only be run
 *	on kernels 3.6 and newer.
 */
#define	BROKEN_FDATASYNC
#endif

#include <errno.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <io.h>
typedef SSIZE_T	ssize_t;
#else
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#if defined(__sun) || defined(__ANDROID__)
/* Most platforms have posix_memalign, older may only have memalign */
#define HAVE_MEMALIGN	1
#include <malloc.h>
/* On Solaris, we need the POSIX sigwait function */
#if defined (__sun)
# define _POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS	1
#endif
#endif

#if !(defined(BYTE_ORDER) || defined(__BYTE_ORDER))
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <resolv.h>	/* defines BYTE_ORDER on HPUX and Solaris */
#endif

#if defined(__FreeBSD__) && defined(__FreeBSD_version) && __FreeBSD_version >= 1100110
# define MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX	1
# define MDB_USE_ROBUST	1
#elif defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(MDB_USE_ROBUST)
# define MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM	1
#elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined (BSD) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
# if !(defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX) || defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM))
# define MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM	1
# endif
# define MDB_FDATASYNC		fsync
#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
# define MDB_FDATASYNC		fsync
#endif
#if defined(__APPLE__)
# define MDB_FDATASYNC(fd)		fcntl(fd, F_FULLFSYNC) && \
	fcntl(fd, 85 /* F_BARRIERFSYNC */) &&	/* fsync + barrier */ \
		fsync(fd)
#endif

#ifndef _WIN32
#include <pthread.h>
#include <signal.h>
#ifdef MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM
# define MDB_USE_HASH		1
#include <semaphore.h>
#elif defined(MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM)
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#ifdef _SEM_SEMUN_UNDEFINED
union semun {
	int val;
	struct semid_ds *buf;
	unsigned short *array;
};
#endif /* _SEM_SEMUN_UNDEFINED */
#else
#define MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX	1
#endif /* MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM */
#endif /* !_WIN32 */

#if defined(_WIN32) + defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM) + defined(MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM) \
	+ defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX) != 1
# error "Ambiguous shared-lock implementation"
#endif

#ifdef USE_VALGRIND
#include <valgrind/memcheck.h>
#define VGMEMP_CREATE(h,r,z)		VALGRIND_CREATE_MEMPOOL(h,r,z)
#define VGMEMP_ALLOC(h,a,s) VALGRIND_MEMPOOL_ALLOC(h,a,s)
#define VGMEMP_FREE(h,a) VALGRIND_MEMPOOL_FREE(h,a)
#define VGMEMP_DESTROY(h)	VALGRIND_DESTROY_MEMPOOL(h)
#define VGMEMP_DEFINED(a,s)	VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_DEFINED(a,s)
#else
#define VGMEMP_CREATE(h,r,z)
#define VGMEMP_ALLOC(h,a,s)
#define VGMEMP_FREE(h,a)
#define VGMEMP_DESTROY(h)
#define VGMEMP_DEFINED(a,s)
#endif

#ifndef BYTE_ORDER
# if (defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN) || defined(_BIG_ENDIAN)) && !(defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN) && defined(_BIG_ENDIAN))
/* Solaris just defines one or the other */
#	define LITTLE_ENDIAN	1234
#	define BIG_ENDIAN	4321
#	ifdef _LITTLE_ENDIAN
#	 define BYTE_ORDER	LITTLE_ENDIAN
#	else
#	 define BYTE_ORDER	BIG_ENDIAN
#	endif
# else
#	define BYTE_ORDER	 __BYTE_ORDER
# endif
#endif

#ifndef LITTLE_ENDIAN
#define LITTLE_ENDIAN	__LITTLE_ENDIAN
#endif
#ifndef BIG_ENDIAN
#define BIG_ENDIAN	__BIG_ENDIAN
#endif

#if defined(__i386) || defined(__x86_64) || defined(_M_IX86)
#define MISALIGNED_OK	1
#endif

#include "lmdb.h"
#include "midl.h"

#if (BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN) == (BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN)
# error "Unknown or unsupported endianness (BYTE_ORDER)"
#elif (-6 & 5) || CHAR_BIT!=8 || UINT_MAX!=0xffffffff || MDB_SIZE_MAX%UINT_MAX
# error "Two's complement, reasonably sized integer types, please"
#endif

#ifdef __GNUC__
/** Put infrequently used env functions in separate section */
# ifdef __APPLE__
#	define	ESECT	__attribute__ ((section("__TEXT,text_env")))
# else
#	define	ESECT	__attribute__ ((section("text_env")))
# endif
#else
#define ESECT
#endif

#ifdef _WIN32
#define CALL_CONV WINAPI
#else
#define CALL_CONV
#endif

/** @defgroup internal	LMDB Internals
 *	@{
 */
/** @defgroup compat	Compatibility Macros
 *	A bunch of macros to minimize the amount of platform-specific ifdefs
 *	needed throughout the rest of the code. When the features this library
 *	needs are similar enough to POSIX to be hidden in a one-or-two line
 *	replacement, this macro approach is used.
 *	@{
 */

	/** Features under development */
#ifndef MDB_DEVEL
#define MDB_DEVEL 0
#endif

	/** Wrapper around __func__, which is a C99 feature */
#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
# define mdb_func_	__func__
#elif __GNUC__ >= 2 || _MSC_VER >= 1300
# define mdb_func_	__FUNCTION__
#else
/* If a debug message says <mdb_unknown>(), update the #if statements above */
# define mdb_func_	"<mdb_unknown>"
#endif

/* Internal error codes, not exposed outside liblmdb */
#define	MDB_NO_ROOT		(MDB_LAST_ERRCODE + 10)
#ifdef _WIN32
#define MDB_OWNERDEAD	((int) WAIT_ABANDONED)
#elif defined MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM
#define MDB_OWNERDEAD	(MDB_LAST_ERRCODE + 11)
#elif defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX) && defined(EOWNERDEAD)
#define MDB_OWNERDEAD	EOWNERDEAD	/**< #LOCK_MUTEX0() result if dead owner */
#endif

#ifdef __GLIBC__
#define	GLIBC_VER	((__GLIBC__ << 16 )| __GLIBC_MINOR__)
#endif
/** Some platforms define the EOWNERDEAD error code
 * even though they don't support Robust Mutexes.
 * Compile with -DMDB_USE_ROBUST=0, or use some other
 * mechanism like -DMDB_USE_SYSV_SEM instead of
 * -DMDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX. (SysV semaphores are
 * also Robust, but some systems don't support them
 * either.)
 */
#ifndef MDB_USE_ROBUST
/* Android currently lacks Robust Mutex support. So does glibc < 2.4. */
# if defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX) && (defined(__ANDROID__) || \
	(defined(__GLIBC__) && GLIBC_VER < 0x020004))
#	define MDB_USE_ROBUST	0
# else
#	define MDB_USE_ROBUST	1
# endif
#endif /* !MDB_USE_ROBUST */

#if defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX) && (MDB_USE_ROBUST)
/* glibc < 2.12 only provided _np API */
#	if (defined(__GLIBC__) && GLIBC_VER < 0x02000c) || \
	(defined(PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_NP) && !defined(PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST))
#	 define PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST	PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_NP
#	 define pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(attr, flag)	pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np(attr, flag)
#	 define pthread_mutex_consistent(mutex)	pthread_mutex_consistent_np(mutex)
#	endif
#endif /* MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX && MDB_USE_ROBUST */

#if defined(MDB_OWNERDEAD) && (MDB_USE_ROBUST)
#define MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED	1
#endif

#ifdef _WIN32
#define MDB_USE_HASH	1
#define MDB_PIDLOCK	0
#define THREAD_RET	DWORD
#define pthread_t	HANDLE
#define pthread_mutex_t	HANDLE
#define pthread_cond_t	HANDLE
typedef HANDLE mdb_mutex_t, mdb_mutexref_t;
#define pthread_key_t	DWORD
#define pthread_self()	GetCurrentThreadId()
#define pthread_key_create(x,y)	\
	((*(x) = TlsAlloc()) == TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES ? ErrCode() : 0)
#define pthread_key_delete(x)	TlsFree(x)
#define pthread_getspecific(x)	TlsGetValue(x)
#define pthread_setspecific(x,y)	(TlsSetValue(x,y) ? 0 : ErrCode())
#define pthread_mutex_unlock(x)	ReleaseMutex(*x)
#define pthread_mutex_lock(x)	WaitForSingleObject(*x, INFINITE)
#define pthread_cond_signal(x)	SetEvent(*x)
#define pthread_cond_wait(cond,mutex)	do{SignalObjectAndWait(*mutex, *cond, INFINITE, FALSE); WaitForSingleObject(*mutex, INFINITE);}while(0)
#define THREAD_CREATE(thr,start,arg) \
	(((thr) = CreateThread(NULL, 0, start, arg, 0, NULL)) ? 0 : ErrCode())
#define THREAD_FINISH(thr) \
	(WaitForSingleObject(thr, INFINITE) ? ErrCode() : 0)
#define LOCK_MUTEX0(mutex)		WaitForSingleObject(mutex, INFINITE)
#define UNLOCK_MUTEX(mutex)		ReleaseMutex(mutex)
#define mdb_mutex_consistent(mutex)	0
#define getpid()	GetCurrentProcessId()
#define	MDB_FDATASYNC(fd)	(!FlushFileBuffers(fd))
#define	MDB_MSYNC(addr,len,flags)	(!FlushViewOfFile(addr,len))
#define	ErrCode()	GetLastError()
#define GET_PAGESIZE(x) {SYSTEM_INFO si; GetSystemInfo(&si); (x) = si.dwPageSize;}
#define	close(fd)	(CloseHandle(fd) ? 0 : -1)
#define	munmap(ptr,len)	UnmapViewOfFile(ptr)
#ifdef PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION
#define MDB_PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION
#else
#define MDB_PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION 0x1000
#endif
#else
#define THREAD_RET	void *
#define THREAD_CREATE(thr,start,arg)	pthread_create(&thr,NULL,start,arg)
#define THREAD_FINISH(thr)	pthread_join(thr,NULL)

	/** For MDB_LOCK_FORMAT: True if readers take a pid lock in the lockfile */
#define MDB_PIDLOCK			1

#ifdef MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM

typedef sem_t *mdb_mutex_t, *mdb_mutexref_t;
#define LOCK_MUTEX0(mutex)		mdb_sem_wait(mutex)
#define UNLOCK_MUTEX(mutex)		sem_post(mutex)

static int
mdb_sem_wait(sem_t *sem)
{
	 int rc;
	 while ((rc = sem_wait(sem)) && (rc = errno) == EINTR) ;
	 return rc;
}

#elif defined MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM

typedef struct mdb_mutex {
	int semid;
	int semnum;
	int *locked;
} mdb_mutex_t[1], *mdb_mutexref_t;

#define LOCK_MUTEX0(mutex)		mdb_sem_wait(mutex)
#define UNLOCK_MUTEX(mutex)		do { \
	struct sembuf sb = { 0, 1, SEM_UNDO }; \
	sb.sem_num = (mutex)->semnum; \
	*(mutex)->locked = 0; \
	semop((mutex)->semid, &sb, 1); \
} while(0)

static int
mdb_sem_wait(mdb_mutexref_t sem)
{
	int rc, *locked = sem->locked;
	struct sembuf sb = { 0, -1, SEM_UNDO };
	sb.sem_num = sem->semnum;
	do {
		if (!semop(sem->semid, &sb, 1)) {
			rc = *locked ? MDB_OWNERDEAD : MDB_SUCCESS;
			*locked = 1;
			break;
		}
	} while ((rc = errno) == EINTR);
	return rc;
}

#define mdb_mutex_consistent(mutex)	0

#else	/* MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX: */
	/** Shared mutex/semaphore as the original is stored.
	 *
	 *	Not for copies.	Instead it can be assigned to an #mdb_mutexref_t.
	 *	When mdb_mutexref_t is a pointer and mdb_mutex_t is not, then it
	 *	is array[size 1] so it can be assigned to the pointer.
	 */
typedef pthread_mutex_t mdb_mutex_t[1];
	/** Reference to an #mdb_mutex_t */
typedef pthread_mutex_t *mdb_mutexref_t;
	/** Lock the reader or writer mutex.
	 *	Returns 0 or a code to give #mdb_mutex_failed(), as in #LOCK_MUTEX().
	 */
#define LOCK_MUTEX0(mutex)	pthread_mutex_lock(mutex)
	/** Unlock the reader or writer mutex.
	 */
#define UNLOCK_MUTEX(mutex)	pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex)
	/** Mark mutex-protected data as repaired, after death of previous owner.
	 */
#define mdb_mutex_consistent(mutex)	pthread_mutex_consistent(mutex)
#endif	/* MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM || MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM */

	/** Get the error code for the last failed system function.
	 */
#define	ErrCode()	errno

	/** An abstraction for a file handle.
	 *	On POSIX systems file handles are small integers. On Windows
	 *	they're opaque pointers.
	 */
#define	HANDLE	int

	/**	A value for an invalid file handle.
	 *	Mainly used to initialize file variables and signify that they are
	 *	unused.
	 */
#define INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE	(-1)

	/** Get the size of a memory page for the system.
	 *	This is the basic size that the platform's memory manager uses, and is
	 *	fundamental to the use of memory-mapped files.
	 */
#define	GET_PAGESIZE(x)	((x) = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE))
#endif

#define	Z	MDB_FMT_Z	/**< printf/scanf format modifier for size_t */
#define	Yu	MDB_PRIy(u)	/**< printf format for #mdb_size_t */
#define	Yd	MDB_PRIy(d)	/**< printf format for 'signed #mdb_size_t' */

#ifdef MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM
#define MNAME_LEN	(sizeof(int))
#else
#define MNAME_LEN	(sizeof(pthread_mutex_t))
#endif

/** Initial part of #MDB_env.%me_mutexname[].
 *	Changes to this code must be reflected in #MDB_LOCK_FORMAT.
 */
#ifdef _WIN32
#define MUTEXNAME_PREFIX		"Global\\MDB"
#elif defined MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM
#define MUTEXNAME_PREFIX		"/MDB"
#endif

/** @} */

#ifdef MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED
	/** Lock mutex, handle any error, set rc = result.
	 *	Return 0 on success, nonzero (not rc) on error.
	 */
#define LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, mutex) \
	(((rc) = LOCK_MUTEX0(mutex)) && \
	 ((rc) = mdb_mutex_failed(env, mutex, rc)))
static int mdb_mutex_failed(MDB_env *env, mdb_mutexref_t mutex, int rc);
#else
#define LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, mutex) ((rc) = LOCK_MUTEX0(mutex))
#define mdb_mutex_failed(env, mutex, rc) (rc)
#endif

#ifndef _WIN32
/**	A flag for opening a file and requesting synchronous data writes.
 *	This is only used when writing a meta page. It's not strictly needed;
 *	we could just do a normal write and then immediately perform a flush.
 *	But if this flag is available it saves us an extra system call.
 *
 *	@note If O_DSYNC is undefined but exists in /usr/include,
 * preferably set some compiler flag to get the definition.
 */
#ifndef MDB_DSYNC
# ifdef O_DSYNC
# define MDB_DSYNC	O_DSYNC
# else
# define MDB_DSYNC	O_SYNC
# endif
#endif
#endif

/** Function for flushing the data of a file. Define this to fsync
 *	if fdatasync() is not supported.
 */
#ifndef MDB_FDATASYNC
# define MDB_FDATASYNC	fdatasync
#endif

#ifndef MDB_MSYNC
# define MDB_MSYNC(addr,len,flags)	msync(addr,len,flags)
#endif

#ifndef MS_SYNC
#define	MS_SYNC	1
#endif

#ifndef MS_ASYNC
#define	MS_ASYNC	0
#endif

	/** A page number in the database.
	 *	Note that 64 bit page numbers are overkill, since pages themselves
	 *	already represent 12-13 bits of addressable memory, and the OS will
	 *	always limit applications to a maximum of 63 bits of address space.
	 *
	 *	@note In the #MDB_node structure, we only store 48 bits of this value,
	 *	which thus limits us to only 60 bits of addressable data.
	 */
typedef MDB_ID	pgno_t;

	/** A transaction ID.
	 *	See struct MDB_txn.mt_txnid for details.
	 */
typedef MDB_ID	txnid_t;

/** @defgroup debug	Debug Macros
 *	@{
 */
#ifndef MDB_DEBUG
	/**	Enable debug output.	Needs variable argument macros (a C99 feature).
	 *	Set this to 1 for copious tracing. Set to 2 to add dumps of all IDLs
	 *	read from and written to the database (used for free space management).
	 */
#define MDB_DEBUG 0
#endif

#if MDB_DEBUG
static int mdb_debug;
static txnid_t mdb_debug_start;

	/**	Print a debug message with printf formatting.
	 *	Requires double parenthesis around 2 or more args.
	 */
# define DPRINTF(args) ((void) ((mdb_debug) && DPRINTF0 args))
# define DPRINTF0(fmt, ...) \
	fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d " fmt "\n", mdb_func_, __LINE__, __VA_ARGS__)
#else
# define DPRINTF(args)	((void) 0)
#endif
	/**	Print a debug string.
	 *	The string is printed literally, with no format processing.
	 */
#define DPUTS(arg)	DPRINTF(("%s", arg))
	/** Debugging output value of a cursor DBI: Negative in a sub-cursor. */
#define DDBI(mc) \
	(((mc)->mc_flags & C_SUB) ? -(int)(mc)->mc_dbi : (int)(mc)->mc_dbi)
/** @} */

	/**	@brief The maximum size of a database page.
	 *
	 *	It is 32k or 64k, since value-PAGEBASE must fit in
	 *	#MDB_page.%mp_upper.
	 *
	 *	LMDB will use database pages < OS pages if needed.
	 *	That causes more I/O in write transactions: The OS must
	 *	know (read) the whole page before writing a partial page.
	 *
	 *	Note that we don't currently support Huge pages. On Linux,
	 *	regular data files cannot use Huge pages, and in general
	 *	Huge pages aren't actually pageable. We rely on the OS
	 *	demand-pager to read our data and page it out when memory
	 *	pressure from other processes is high. So until OSs have
	 *	actual paging support for Huge pages, they're not viable.
	 */
#define MAX_PAGESIZE	 (PAGEBASE ? 0x10000 : 0x8000)

	/** The minimum number of keys required in a database page.
	 *	Setting this to a larger value will place a smaller bound on the
	 *	maximum size of a data item. Data items larger than this size will
	 *	be pushed into overflow pages instead of being stored directly in
	 *	the B-tree node. This value used to default to 4. With a page size
	 *	of 4096 bytes that meant that any item larger than 1024 bytes would
	 *	go into an overflow page. That also meant that on average 2-3KB of
	 *	each overflow page was wasted space. The value cannot be lower than
	 *	2 because then there would no longer be a tree structure. With this
	 *	value, items larger than 2KB will go into overflow pages, and on
	 *	average only 1KB will be wasted.
	 */
#define MDB_MINKEYS	 2

	/**	A stamp that identifies a file as an LMDB file.
	 *	There's nothing special about this value other than that it is easily
	 *	recognizable, and it will reflect any byte order mismatches.
	 */
#define MDB_MAGIC	 0xBEEFC0DE

	/**	The version number for a database's datafile format. */
#define MDB_DATA_VERSION	 ((MDB_DEVEL) ? 999 : 2)
	/**	The version number for a database's lockfile format. */
#define MDB_LOCK_VERSION	 ((MDB_DEVEL) ? 999 : 2)
	/** Number of bits representing #MDB_LOCK_VERSION in #MDB_LOCK_FORMAT.
	 *	The remaining bits must leave room for #MDB_lock_desc.
	 */
#define MDB_LOCK_VERSION_BITS 12

	/**	@brief The max size of a key we can write, or 0 for computed max.
	 *
	 *	This macro should normally be left alone or set to 0.
	 *	Note that a database with big keys or dupsort data cannot be
	 *	reliably modified by a liblmdb which uses a smaller max.
	 *	The default is 511 for backwards compat, or 0 when #MDB_DEVEL.
	 *
	 *	Other values are allowed, for backwards compat.	However:
	 *	A value bigger than the computed max can break if you do not
	 *	know what you are doing, and liblmdb <= 0.9.10 can break when
	 *	modifying a DB with keys/dupsort data bigger than its max.
	 *
	 *	Data items in an #MDB_DUPSORT database are also limited to
	 *	this size, since they're actually keys of a sub-DB.	Keys and
	 *	#MDB_DUPSORT data items must fit on a node in a regular page.
	 */
#ifndef MDB_MAXKEYSIZE
#define MDB_MAXKEYSIZE	 ((MDB_DEVEL) ? 0 : 511)
#endif

	/**	The maximum size of a key we can write to the environment. */
#if MDB_MAXKEYSIZE
#define ENV_MAXKEY(env)	(MDB_MAXKEYSIZE)
#else
#define ENV_MAXKEY(env)	((env)->me_maxkey)
#endif

	/**	@brief The maximum size of a data item.
	 *
	 *	We only store a 32 bit value for node sizes.
	 */
#define MAXDATASIZE	0xffffffffUL

#if MDB_DEBUG
	/**	Key size which fits in a #DKBUF.
	 *	@ingroup debug
	 */
#define DKBUF_MAXKEYSIZE ((MDB_MAXKEYSIZE) > 0 ? (MDB_MAXKEYSIZE) : 511)
	/**	A key buffer.
	 *	@ingroup debug
	 *	This is used for printing a hex dump of a key's contents.
	 */
#define DKBUF	char kbuf[DKBUF_MAXKEYSIZE*2+1]
	/**	Display a key in hex.
	 *	@ingroup debug
	 *	Invoke a function to display a key in hex.
	 */
#define	DKEY(x)	mdb_dkey(x, kbuf)
#else
#define	DKBUF
#define DKEY(x)	0
#endif

	/** An invalid page number.
	 *	Mainly used to denote an empty tree.
	 */
#define P_INVALID	 (~(pgno_t)0)

	/** Test if the flags \b f are set in a flag word \b w. */
#define F_ISSET(w, f)	 (((w) & (f)) == (f))

	/** Round \b n up to an even number. */
#define EVEN(n)		(((n) + 1U) & -2) /* sign-extending -2 to match n+1U */

	/** Least significant 1-bit of \b n.	n must be of an unsigned type. */
#define LOW_BIT(n)		((n) & (-(n)))

	/** (log2(\b p2) % \b n), for p2 = power of 2 and 0 < n < 8. */
#define LOG2_MOD(p2, n)	(7 - 86 / ((p2) % ((1U<<(n))-1) + 11))
	/* Explanation: Let p2 = 2**(n*y + x), x<n and M = (1U<<n)-1. Now p2 =
	 * (M+1)**y * 2**x = 2**x (mod M). Finally "/" "happens" to return 7-x.
	 */

	/** Should be alignment of \b type. Ensure it is a power of 2. */
#define ALIGNOF2(type) \
	LOW_BIT(offsetof(struct { char ch_; type align_; }, align_))

	/**	Used for offsets within a single page.
	 *	Since memory pages are typically 4 or 8KB in size, 12-13 bits,
	 *	this is plenty.
	 */
typedef uint16_t	 indx_t;

typedef unsigned long long	mdb_hash_t;

	/**	Default size of memory map.
	 *	This is certainly too small for any actual applications. Apps should always set
	 *	the size explicitly using #mdb_env_set_mapsize().
	 */
#define DEFAULT_MAPSIZE	1048576

/**	@defgroup readers	Reader Lock Table
 *	Readers don't acquire any locks for their data access. Instead, they
 *	simply record their transaction ID in the reader table. The reader
 *	mutex is needed just to find an empty slot in the reader table. The
 *	slot's address is saved in thread-specific data so that subsequent read
 *	transactions started by the same thread need no further locking to proceed.
 *
 *	If #MDB_NOTLS is set, the slot address is not saved in thread-specific data.
 *
 *	No reader table is used if the database is on a read-only filesystem, or
 *	if #MDB_NOLOCK is set.
 *
 *	Since the database uses multi-version concurrency control, readers don't
 *	actually need any locking. This table is used to keep track of which
 *	readers are using data from which old transactions, so that we'll know
 *	when a particular old transaction is no longer in use. Old transactions
 *	that have discarded any data pages can then have those pages reclaimed
 *	for use by a later write transaction.
 *
 *	The lock table is constructed such that reader slots are aligned with the
 *	processor's cache line size. Any slot is only ever used by one thread.
 *	This alignment guarantees that there will be no contention or cache
 *	thrashing as threads update their own slot info, and also eliminates
 *	any need for locking when accessing a slot.
 *
 *	A writer thread will scan every slot in the table to determine the oldest
 *	outstanding reader transaction. Any freed pages older than this will be
 *	reclaimed by the writer. The writer doesn't use any locks when scanning
 *	this table. This means that there's no guarantee that the writer will
 *	see the most up-to-date reader info, but that's not required for correct
 *	operation - all we need is to know the upper bound on the oldest reader,
 *	we don't care at all about the newest reader. So the only consequence of
 *	reading stale information here is that old pages might hang around a
 *	while longer before being reclaimed. That's actually good anyway, because
 *	the longer we delay reclaiming old pages, the more likely it is that a
 *	string of contiguous pages can be found after coalescing old pages from
 *	many old transactions together.
 *	@{
 */
	/**	Number of slots in the reader table.
	 *	This value was chosen somewhat arbitrarily. 126 readers plus a
	 *	couple mutexes fit exactly into 8KB on my development machine.
	 *	Applications should set the table size using #mdb_env_set_maxreaders().
	 */
#define DEFAULT_READERS	126

	/**	The size of a CPU cache line in bytes. We want our lock structures
	 *	aligned to this size to avoid false cache line sharing in the
	 *	lock table.
	 *	This value works for most CPUs. For Itanium this should be 128.
	 */
#ifndef CACHELINE
#define CACHELINE	64
#endif

	/**	The information we store in a single slot of the reader table.
	 *	In addition to a transaction ID, we also record the process and
	 *	thread ID that owns a slot, so that we can detect stale information,
	 *	e.g. threads or processes that went away without cleaning up.
	 *	@note We currently don't check for stale records. We simply re-init
	 *	the table when we know that we're the only process opening the
	 *	lock file.
	 */
typedef struct MDB_rxbody {
	/**	Current Transaction ID when this transaction began, or (txnid_t)-1.
	 *	Multiple readers that start at the same time will probably have the
	 *	same ID here. Again, it's not important to exclude them from
	 *	anything; all we need to know is which version of the DB they
	 *	started from so we can avoid overwriting any data used in that
	 *	particular version.
	 */
	volatile txnid_t		mrb_txnid;
	/** The process ID of the process owning this reader txn. */
	volatile MDB_PID_T	mrb_pid;
	/** The thread ID of the thread owning this txn. */
	volatile MDB_THR_T	mrb_tid;
} MDB_rxbody;

	/** The actual reader record, with cacheline padding. */
typedef struct MDB_reader {
	union {
		MDB_rxbody mrx;
		/** shorthand for mrb_txnid */
#define	mr_txnid	mru.mrx.mrb_txnid
#define	mr_pid	mru.mrx.mrb_pid
#define	mr_tid	mru.mrx.mrb_tid
		/** cache line alignment */
		char pad[(sizeof(MDB_rxbody)+CACHELINE-1) & ~(CACHELINE-1)];
	} mru;
} MDB_reader;

	/** The header for the reader table.
	 *	The table resides in a memory-mapped file. (This is a different file
	 *	than is used for the main database.)
	 *
	 *	For POSIX the actual mutexes reside in the shared memory of this
	 *	mapped file. On Windows, mutexes are named objects allocated by the
	 *	kernel; we store the mutex names in this mapped file so that other
	 *	processes can grab them. This same approach is also used on
	 *	MacOSX/Darwin (using named semaphores) since MacOSX doesn't support
	 *	process-shared POSIX mutexes. For these cases where a named object
	 *	is used, the object name is derived from a 64 bit FNV hash of the
	 *	environment pathname. As such, naming collisions are extremely
	 *	unlikely. If a collision occurs, the results are unpredictable.
	 */
typedef struct MDB_txbody {
		/** Stamp identifying this as an LMDB file. It must be set
		 *	to #MDB_MAGIC. */
	uint32_t	mtb_magic;
		/** Format of this lock file. Must be set to #MDB_LOCK_FORMAT. */
	uint32_t	mtb_format;
		/**	The ID of the last transaction committed to the database.
		 *	This is recorded here only for convenience; the value can always
		 *	be determined by reading the main database meta pages.
		 */
	volatile txnid_t		mtb_txnid;
		/** The number of slots that have been used in the reader table.
		 *	This always records the maximum count, it is not decremented
		 *	when readers release their slots.
		 */
	volatile unsigned	mtb_numreaders;
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
		/** Binary form of names of the reader/writer locks */
	mdb_hash_t			mtb_mutexid;
#elif defined(MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM)
	int 	mtb_semid;
	int		mtb_rlocked;
#else
		/** Mutex protecting access to this table.
		 *	This is the reader table lock used with LOCK_MUTEX().
		 */
	mdb_mutex_t	mtb_rmutex;
#endif
} MDB_txbody;

	/** The actual reader table definition. */
typedef struct MDB_txninfo {
	union {
		MDB_txbody mtb;
#define mti_magic	mt1.mtb.mtb_magic
#define mti_format	mt1.mtb.mtb_format
#define mti_rmutex	mt1.mtb.mtb_rmutex
#define mti_txnid	mt1.mtb.mtb_txnid
#define mti_numreaders	mt1.mtb.mtb_numreaders
#define mti_mutexid	mt1.mtb.mtb_mutexid
#ifdef MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM
#define	mti_semid	mt1.mtb.mtb_semid
#define	mti_rlocked	mt1.mtb.mtb_rlocked
#endif
		char pad[(sizeof(MDB_txbody)+CACHELINE-1) & ~(CACHELINE-1)];
	} mt1;
#if !(defined(_WIN32) || defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM))
	union { struct {
#ifdef MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM
		int mt2_wlocked;
		int mt2_sync_locked;
#define mti_wlocked	mt2.mt2_wlocked
#define mti_sync_locked	mt2.mt2_sync_locked
#else
		mdb_mutex_t	mt2_wmutex;
		mdb_mutex_t	mt2_sync_mutex;
#define mti_wmutex	mt2.mt2_wmutex
#define mti_sync_mutex	mt2.mt2_sync_mutex
#endif
		char pad[(MNAME_LEN+CACHELINE-1) & ~(CACHELINE-1)];
		};	} mt2;
#endif
	MDB_reader	mti_readers[1];
} MDB_txninfo;

	/** Lockfile format signature: version, features and field layout */
#define MDB_LOCK_FORMAT \
	((uint32_t)				 \
	 (((MDB_LOCK_VERSION) % (1U << MDB_LOCK_VERSION_BITS)) \
		+ MDB_lock_desc		 * (1U << MDB_LOCK_VERSION_BITS)))

	/** Lock type and layout. Values 0-119. _WIN32 implies #MDB_PIDLOCK.
	 *	Some low values are reserved for future tweaks.
	 */
#ifdef _WIN32
# define MDB_LOCK_TYPE	(0 + ALIGNOF2(mdb_hash_t)/8 % 2)
#elif defined MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM
# define MDB_LOCK_TYPE	(4 + ALIGNOF2(mdb_hash_t)/8 % 2)
#elif defined MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM
# define MDB_LOCK_TYPE	(8)
#elif defined MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX
/* We do not know the inside of a POSIX mutex and how to check if mutexes
 * used by two executables are compatible. Just check alignment and size.
 */
# define MDB_LOCK_TYPE	(10 + \
		LOG2_MOD(ALIGNOF2(pthread_mutex_t), 5) + \
		sizeof(pthread_mutex_t) / 4U % 22 * 5)
#endif

enum {
	/** Magic number for lockfile layout and features.
	 *
	 *	This *attempts* to stop liblmdb variants compiled with conflicting
	 *	options from using the lockfile at the same time and thus breaking
	 *	it.	It describes locking types, and sizes and sometimes alignment
	 *	of the various lockfile items.
	 *
	 *	The detected ranges are mostly guesswork, or based simply on how
	 *	big they could be without using more bits.	So we can tweak them
	 *	in good conscience when updating #MDB_LOCK_VERSION.
	 */
	MDB_lock_desc =
	/* Default CACHELINE=64 vs. other values (have seen mention of 32-256) */
	(CACHELINE==64 ? 0 : 1 + LOG2_MOD(CACHELINE >> (CACHELINE>64), 5))
	+ 6	* (sizeof(MDB_PID_T)/4 % 3)		/* legacy(2) to word(4/8)? */
	+ 18 * (sizeof(pthread_t)/4 % 5)		/* can be struct{id, active data} */
	+ 90 * (sizeof(MDB_txbody) / CACHELINE % 3)
	+ 270 * (MDB_LOCK_TYPE % 120)
	/* The above is < 270*120 < 2**15 */
	+ ((sizeof(txnid_t) == 8) << 15)		/* 32bit/64bit */
	+ ((sizeof(MDB_reader) > CACHELINE) << 16)
	/* Not really needed - implied by MDB_LOCK_TYPE != (_WIN32 locking) */
	+ (((MDB_PIDLOCK) != 0)	 << 17)
	/* 18 bits total: Must be <= (32 - MDB_LOCK_VERSION_BITS). */
};
/** @} */

/** Common header for all page types. The page type depends on #mp_flags.
 *
 * #P_BRANCH and #P_LEAF pages have unsorted '#MDB_node's at the end, with
 * sorted #mp_ptrs[] entries referring to them. Exception: #P_LEAF2 pages
 * omit mp_ptrs and pack sorted #MDB_DUPFIXED values after the page header.
 *
 * #P_OVERFLOW records occupy one or more contiguous pages where only the
 * first has a page header. They hold the real data of #F_BIGDATA nodes,
 * and the node stores the pgno and number of pages used by the record.
 *
 * #P_SUBP sub-pages are small leaf "pages" with duplicate data.
 * A node with flag #F_DUPDATA but not #F_SUBDATA contains a sub-page.
 * (Duplicate data can also go in sub-databases, which use normal pages.)
 *
 * #P_META pages contain #MDB_meta, the start point of an LMDB snapshot.
 *
 * Each non-metapage up to #MDB_meta.%mm_last_pg is reachable exactly once
 * in the snapshot: Either used by a database or listed in a freeDB record.
 */
typedef struct MDB_page_header {
#define	mp_pgno	mp_p.p_pgno
#define	mp_next	mp_p.p_next
	union {
		pgno_t		p_pgno;	/**< page number */
		struct MDB_page *p_next; /**< for in-memory list of freed pages */
	} mh_p;

	/** If page is clean: snapshot txnid, dirty: txn workid, metapage: unused.
	 *
	 *	The value indicates which snapshot/#MDB_txn the page belongs to.
	 *	Tested with #IS_MUTABLE(), #IS_WRITABLE(), #IS_DIRTY_NW().
	 *
	 *	(clean page).mp_txnid == txnid of creator < txnid of later txns.
	 *	(dirty page).mp_txnid >= mt_workid of creator txn.
	 *	(dirty page).mt_txnid	< mt_workid of children of creator txn.
	 *
	 *	Thus an #MDB_txn can write to pages with mp_txnid >= txn.mt_workid.
	 *	A page with smaller mp_txnid is dirty in an ancestor txn or clean.
	 *
	 *	Non-#MDB_WRITEMAP sets txn.mt_workid > txn.mt_txnid, to tell apart
	 *	spilled and dirty pages.	WRITEMAP sets mt_workid = mt_txnid, since
	 *	it does not copy/spill pages.	Thus (page.mp_txnid == txn.mt_txnid)
	 *	says "spilled page" without WRITEMAP, "dirty page" with WRITEMAP.
	 *
	 *	Finally, ((dirty page).mp_txnid & #MDB_PGTXNID_FLAGMASK) can be used
	 *	for flags with non-WRITEMAP; it keeps low bits in workid = 0.
	 */
	txnid_t		mh_txnid;

	uint16_t	mh_pad;			/**< key size if this is a LEAF2 page */
/**	@defgroup mdb_page	Page Flags
 *	@ingroup internal
 *	Flags for the page headers.
 *	@{
 */
#define	P_BRANCH	 0x01		/**< branch page */
#define	P_LEAF		 0x02		/**< leaf page */
#define	P_OVERFLOW	 0x04		/**< overflow page */
#define	P_META		 0x08		/**< meta page */
#define	P_LEAF2		 0x20		/**< for #MDB_DUPFIXED records */
#define	P_SUBP		 0x40		/**< for #MDB_DUPSORT sub-pages */
#define	P_DIRTY_OVF	 0x2000		/**< page has dirty overflow nodes */
#define	P_LOOSE		 0x4000		/**< page was dirtied then freed, can be reused */
#define	P_KEEP		 0x8000		/**< leave this page alone during spill */
/** Persistent flags for page administration rather than page contents */
#define	P_ADM_FLAGS	 0 /* later... */
/** @} */
	uint16_t	mh_flags;		/**< @ref mdb_page */
#define mp_lower	mp_pb.pb.pb_lower
#define mp_upper	mp_pb.pb.pb_upper
#define mp_pages	mp_pb.pb_pages
	union {
		struct {
			indx_t		pb_lower;		/**< lower bound of free space */
			indx_t		pb_upper;		/**< upper bound of free space */
		} pb;
		uint32_t	pb_pages;	/**< number of overflow pages */
	} mh_pb;
} MDB_page_header;

typedef struct MDB_page {
	MDB_page_header	mp_hdr;
#define mp_p	mp_hdr.mh_p
#define mp_txnid	mp_hdr.mh_txnid
#define mp_pad		mp_hdr.mh_pad
#define mp_flags	mp_hdr.mh_flags
#define mp_pb		mp_hdr.mh_pb
	indx_t		mp_ptrs[1];		/**< dynamic size */
} MDB_page;

	/** Size of the page header, excluding dynamic data at the end */
#define PAGEHDRSZ	 ((unsigned)sizeof(MDB_page_header))

	/** Address of first usable data byte in a page, after the header */
#define METADATA(p)	 ((void *)((char *)(p) + PAGEHDRSZ))

	/** ITS#7713, change PAGEBASE to handle 65536 byte pages */
#define	PAGEBASE	PAGEHDRSZ

	/** Number of nodes on a page */
#define NUMKEYS(p)	 (((p)->mp_lower - (PAGEHDRSZ-PAGEBASE)) >> 1)

	/** The amount of space remaining in the page */
#define SIZELEFT(p)	 (indx_t)((p)->mp_upper - (p)->mp_lower)

	/** The percentage of space used in the page, in tenths of a percent. */
#define PAGEFILL(env, p) (1000L * ((env)->me_psize - PAGEHDRSZ - SIZELEFT(p)) / \
				((env)->me_psize - PAGEHDRSZ))
	/** The minimum page fill factor, in tenths of a percent.
	 *	Pages emptier than this are candidates for merging.
	 */
#define FILL_THRESHOLD	 250

	/** Test if a page is a leaf page */
#define IS_LEAF(p)	 F_ISSET((p)->mp_flags, P_LEAF)
	/** Test if a page is a LEAF2 page */
#define IS_LEAF2(p)	 F_ISSET((p)->mp_flags, P_LEAF2)
	/** Test if a page is a branch page */
#define IS_BRANCH(p)	 F_ISSET((p)->mp_flags, P_BRANCH)
	/** Test if a page is an overflow page */
#define IS_OVERFLOW(p)	 F_ISSET((p)->mp_flags, P_OVERFLOW)
	/** Test if a page is a sub page */
#define IS_SUBP(p)	 F_ISSET((p)->mp_flags, P_SUBP)

	/** Test if (this non-sub page is dirty && env is non-#MDB_WRITEMAP) */
#define IS_DIRTY_NW(txn, p)	((p)->mp_txnid > (txn)->mt_txnid)
	/** Test if this non-sub page belongs to the current snapshot */
#define IS_MUTABLE(txn, p)	((p)->mp_txnid >= (txn)->mt_txnid)
	/** Test if this non-sub page is writable in this txn (not an ancestor) */
#define IS_WRITABLE(txn, p)	((p)->mp_txnid >= (txn)->mt_workid)

	/** Info about overflow page, stored in an F_BIGDATA node */
typedef struct MDB_ovpage {
	pgno_t	op_pgno;
	txnid_t	op_txnid;
	mdb_size_t	op_pages;
} MDB_ovpage;

#if OVERFLOW_NOTYET
	/** Header for a dirty overflow page in memory */
typedef struct MDB_dovpage {
	MDB_page_header mp_hdr;
	void	*mp_ptr;
} MDB_dovpage;
#endif

	/** The number of overflow pages needed to store the given size. */
#define OVPAGES(size, psize)	((PAGEHDRSZ-1 + (size)) / (psize) + 1)

	/** Link in #MDB_txn.%mt_loose_pgs list.
	 *	Kept outside the page header, which is needed when reusing the page.
	 */
#define NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(p)		(*(MDB_page **)((p) + 2))

	/** Mark the page as writable by this txn */
#ifndef MDB_TEST
#define SET_PGTXNID(txn, mp)	((mp)->mp_txnid = (txn)->mt_workid)
#else
#define SET_PGTXNID(txn, mp) \
	((mp)->mp_txnid = (txn)->mt_workid \
	 /* random unused "flags" added when not WRITEMAP for debugging */ \
	 | (((txn)->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_WRITEMAP) ? 0 : \
		(MDB_RAND((size_t)(txn)) >> (32-MDB_PGTXNID_FLAGBITS))))
#define MDB_RAND(x) (mdb_rnd = (mdb_rnd + (unsigned)(x)) * 987654321 + 54321)
static volatile unsigned mdb_rnd;
#endif

	/** mp_txnid bits reserved in dirty pages for flags.
	 *	TODO: For future code with header-free ovpages, if we omit mp_flags
	 *	from the "header" kept elsewhere.	Otherwise, drop this code.
	 */
#define MDB_PGTXNID_FLAGBITS	4
#define MDB_PGTXNID_STEP		((txnid_t)1 << MDB_PGTXNID_FLAGBITS)
#define MDB_PGTXNID_FLAGMASK	(MDB_PGTXNID_STEP-1)

	/** Header for a single key/data pair within a page.
	 * Used in pages of type #P_BRANCH and #P_LEAF without #P_LEAF2.
	 * We guarantee 2-byte alignment for 'MDB_node's.
	 *
	 * #mn_lo and #mn_hi are used for data size on leaf nodes, and for child
	 * pgno on branch nodes.	On 64 bit platforms, #mn_flags is also used
	 * for pgno.	(Branch nodes have no flags).	Lo and hi are in host byte
	 * order in case some accesses can be optimized to 32-bit word access.
	 *
	 * Leaf node flags describe node contents.	#F_BIGDATA says the node's
	 * data part is an MDB_ovpage struct pointing to a page with actual data.
	 * #F_DUPDATA and #F_SUBDATA can be combined giving duplicate data in
	 * a sub-page/sub-database, and named databases (just #F_SUBDATA).
	 */
typedef struct MDB_node {
	/** part of data size or pgno
	 *	@{ */
#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
	unsigned short	mn_lo, mn_hi;
#else
	unsigned short	mn_hi, mn_lo;
#endif
	/** @} */
/** @defgroup mdb_node Node Flags
 *	@ingroup internal
 *	Flags for node headers.
 *	@{
 */
#define F_BIGDATA	 0x01			/**< data put on overflow page */
#define F_SUBDATA	 0x02			/**< data is a sub-database */
#define F_DUPDATA	 0x04			/**< data has duplicates */

/** valid flags for #mdb_node_add() */
#define	NODE_ADD_FLAGS	(F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA|MDB_RESERVE|MDB_APPEND)

/** @} */
	unsigned short	mn_flags;		/**< @ref mdb_node */
	unsigned short	mn_ksize;		/**< key size */
	char		mn_data[1];			/**< key and data are appended here */
} MDB_node;

	/** Size of the node header, excluding dynamic data at the end */
#define NODESIZE	 offsetof(MDB_node, mn_data)

	/** Bit position of top word in page number, for shifting mn_flags */
#define PGNO_TOPWORD ((pgno_t)-1 > 0xffffffffu ? 32 : 0)

	/** Size of a node in a branch page with a given key.
	 *	This is just the node header plus the key, there is no data.
	 */
#define INDXSIZE(k)	 (NODESIZE + ((k) == NULL ? 0 : (k)->mv_size))

	/** Size of a node in a leaf page with a given key and data.
	 *	This is node header plus key plus data size.
	 */
#define LEAFSIZE(k, d)	 (NODESIZE + (k)->mv_size + (d)->mv_size)

	/** Address of node \b i in page \b p */
#define NODEPTR(p, i)	 ((MDB_node *)((char *)(p) + (p)->mp_ptrs[i] + PAGEBASE))

	/** Address of the key for the node */
#define NODEKEY(node)	 (void *)((node)->mn_data)

	/** Address of the data for a node */
#define NODEDATA(node)	 (void *)((char *)(node)->mn_data + (node)->mn_ksize)

	/** Get the page number pointed to by a branch node */
#define NODEPGNO(node) \
	((node)->mn_lo | ((pgno_t) (node)->mn_hi << 16) | \
	 (PGNO_TOPWORD ? ((pgno_t) (node)->mn_flags << PGNO_TOPWORD) : 0))
	/** Set the page number in a branch node */
#define SETPGNO(node,pgno)	do { \
	(node)->mn_lo = (pgno) & 0xffff; (node)->mn_hi = (pgno) >> 16; \
	if (PGNO_TOPWORD) (node)->mn_flags = (pgno) >> PGNO_TOPWORD; } while(0)

	/** Get the size of the data in a leaf node */
#define NODEDSZ(node)	 ((node)->mn_lo | ((unsigned)(node)->mn_hi << 16))
	/** Set the size of the data for a leaf node */
#define SETDSZ(node,size)	do { \
	(node)->mn_lo = (size) & 0xffff; (node)->mn_hi = (size) >> 16;} while(0)
	/** The size of a key in a node */
#define NODEKSZ(node)	 ((node)->mn_ksize)

	/** Copy a page number from src to dst */
#ifdef MISALIGNED_OK
#define COPY_PGNO(dst,src)	dst = src
#else
#if MDB_SIZE_MAX > 0xffffffffU
#define COPY_PGNO(dst,src)	do { \
	unsigned short *s, *d;	\
	s = (unsigned short *)&(src);	\
	d = (unsigned short *)&(dst);	\
	*d++ = *s++;	\
	*d++ = *s++;	\
	*d++ = *s++;	\
	*d = *s;	\
} while (0)
#else
#define COPY_PGNO(dst,src)	do { \
	unsigned short *s, *d;	\
	s = (unsigned short *)&(src);	\
	d = (unsigned short *)&(dst);	\
	*d++ = *s++;	\
	*d = *s;	\
} while (0)
#endif
#endif
	/** The address of a key in a LEAF2 page.
	 *	LEAF2 pages are used for #MDB_DUPFIXED sorted-duplicate sub-DBs.
	 *	There are no node headers, keys are stored contiguously.
	 */
#define LEAF2KEY(p, i, ks)	((char *)(p) + PAGEHDRSZ + ((i)*(ks)))

	/** Set the \b node's key into \b keyptr, if requested. */
#define MDB_GET_KEY(node, keyptr)	{ if ((keyptr) != NULL) { \
	(keyptr)->mv_size = NODEKSZ(node); (keyptr)->mv_data = NODEKEY(node); } }

	/** Set the \b node's key into \b key. */
#define MDB_GET_KEY2(node, key)	{ key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(node); key.mv_data = NODEKEY(node); }

	/** Information about a single database in the environment. */
typedef struct MDB_db {
	uint32_t	md_pad;		/**< also ksize for LEAF2 pages */
	uint16_t	md_flags;	/**< @ref mdb_dbi_open */
	uint16_t	md_depth;	/**< depth of this tree */
	pgno_t		md_branch_pages;	/**< number of internal pages */
	pgno_t		md_leaf_pages;		/**< number of leaf pages */
	pgno_t		md_overflow_pages;	/**< number of overflow pages */
	mdb_size_t	md_entries;		/**< number of data items */
	pgno_t		md_root;		/**< the root page of this tree */
} MDB_db;

#define MDB_VALID	0x8000		/**< DB handle is valid, for me_dbflags */
#define PERSISTENT_FLAGS	(0xffff & ~(MDB_VALID))
	/** #mdb_dbi_open() flags */
#define VALID_FLAGS	(MDB_REVERSEKEY|MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_INTEGERKEY|MDB_DUPFIXED|\
	MDB_INTEGERDUP|MDB_REVERSEDUP|MDB_CREATE|0x100)

	/** Handle for the DB used to track free pages. */
#define	FREE_DBI	0
	/** Handle for the default DB. */
#define	MAIN_DBI	1
	/** Number of DBs in metapage (free and main) - also hardcoded elsewhere */
#define CORE_DBS	2

	/** Number of meta pages - also hardcoded elsewhere */
#define NUM_METAS	2

	/** Meta page content.
	 *	A meta page is the start point for accessing a database snapshot.
	 *	Pages 0-1 are meta pages. Transaction N writes meta page #(N % 2).
	 */
typedef struct MDB_meta {
		/** Stamp identifying this as an LMDB file. It must be set
		 *	to #MDB_MAGIC. */
	uint32_t	mm_magic;
		/** Version number of this file. Must be set to #MDB_DATA_VERSION. */
	uint32_t	mm_version;
#ifdef MDB_VL32
	union {		/* always zero since we don't support fixed mapping in MDB_VL32 */
		MDB_ID	mmun_ull;
		void *mmun_address;
	} mm_un;
#define	mm_address mm_un.mmun_address
#else
	void		*mm_address;		/**< address for fixed mapping */
#endif
	mdb_size_t	mm_mapsize;			/**< size of mmap region */
	MDB_db		mm_dbs[CORE_DBS];	/**< first is free space, 2nd is main db */
	/** The size of pages used in this DB */
#define	mm_psize	mm_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_pad
	/** Any persistent environment flags. @ref mdb_env */
#define	mm_flags	mm_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_flags
	/** Last used page in the datafile.
	 *	Actually the file may be shorter if the freeDB lists the final pages.
	 */
	pgno_t		mm_last_pg;
	volatile txnid_t	mm_txnid;	/**< txnid that committed this page */
	int64_t		boot_id;
} MDB_meta;

	/** Buffer for a stack-allocated meta page.
	 *	The members define size and alignment, and silence type
	 *	aliasing warnings.	They are not used directly; that could
	 *	mean incorrectly using several union members in parallel.
	 */
typedef union MDB_metabuf {
	MDB_page	mb_page;
	struct {
		char		mm_pad[PAGEHDRSZ];
		MDB_meta	mm_meta;
	} mb_metabuf;
} MDB_metabuf;

	/** Auxiliary DB info.
	 *	The information here is mostly static/read-only. There is
	 *	only a single copy of this record in the environment.
	 */
typedef struct MDB_dbx {
	MDB_val		md_name;		/**< name of the database */
	MDB_cmp_func	*md_cmp;	/**< function for comparing keys */
	MDB_cmp_func	*md_dcmp;	/**< function for comparing data items */
	MDB_rel_func	*md_rel;	/**< user relocate function */
	void		*md_relctx;		/**< user-provided context for md_rel */
} MDB_dbx;

	/** A database transaction.
	 *	Every operation requires a transaction handle.
	 */
struct MDB_txn {
	MDB_txn		*mt_parent;		/**< parent of a nested txn */
	/** Nested txn under this txn, set together with flag #MDB_TXN_HAS_CHILD */
	MDB_txn		*mt_child;
	pgno_t		mt_next_pgno;	/**< next unallocated page */
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	pgno_t		mt_last_pgno;	/**< last written page */
#endif
	/** The ID of this transaction. IDs are integers incrementing from 1.
	 *	Only committed write transactions increment the ID. If a transaction
	 *	aborts, the ID may be re-used by the next writer.
	 */
	txnid_t		mt_txnid;

	/** Written to mp_txnid of dirty pages, to be fixed by #mdb_page_flush().
	 *
	 *	Value >= WRITEMAP ? txnid : 1 + (parent ? parent.last_workid : txnid).
	 *	See #MDB_page.%mp_txnid.
	 *
	 *	An MDB_txn can write to a page when page.mp_txnid >= txn.mt_workid.
	 *	New children get bigger workid than pages dirty in their parent
	 *	(i.e. bigger than parent.mt_last_workid).	When children commit,
	 *	they copy #mt_last_workid to the parent to match their pages.
	 */
	txnid_t		mt_workid;
	/**	Current max mp_txnid of the MDB_txn's dirty pages: Starts as
	 *	#mt_workid, then grows as it is copied from children who commit.
	 */
	txnid_t		mt_last_workid;
	/** Callback function for when the transaction is visible */
	MDB_txn_visible* mt_callback;
	void* mt_ctx;

	MDB_env		*mt_env;		/**< the DB environment */
	/** The list of pages that became unused during this transaction.
	 */
	MDB_IDL		mt_free_pgs;
	/** The list of loose pages that became unused and may be reused
	 *	in this transaction, linked through #NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(page).
	 */
	MDB_page	*mt_loose_pgs;
	/** Number of loose pages (#mt_loose_pgs) */
	int			mt_loose_count;
	/** The sorted list of dirty pages we temporarily wrote to disk
	 *	because the dirty list was full. page numbers in here are
	 *	shifted left by 1, deleted slots have the LSB set.
	 *	Unused with #MDB_WRITEMAP, which does not use a dirty list.
	 */
	MDB_IDL		mt_spill_pgs;
	union {
		/** For write txns: Modified pages, sorted. Unused when MDB_WRITEMAP. */
		MDB_ID2L	dirty_list;
		/** For read txns: This thread/txn's reader table slot, or NULL. */
		MDB_reader	*reader;
	} mt_u;
#if OVERFLOW_NOTYET
	/** The sorted list of dirty overflow pages. */
	MDB_ID2L	mt_dirty_ovs;
#endif
	/** Array of records for each DB known in the environment. */
	MDB_dbx		*mt_dbxs;
	/** Array of MDB_db records for each known DB */
	MDB_db		*mt_dbs;
	/** Array of sequence numbers for each DB handle */
	unsigned int	*mt_dbiseqs;
/** @defgroup mt_dbflag	Transaction DB Flags
 *	@ingroup internal
 * @{
 */
#define DB_DIRTY	0x01		/**< DB was written in this txn */
#define DB_STALE	0x02		/**< Named-DB record is older than txnID */
#define DB_NEW		0x04		/**< Named-DB handle opened in this txn */
#define DB_VALID	0x08		/**< DB handle is valid, see also #MDB_VALID */
#define DB_USRVALID	0x10		/**< As #DB_VALID, but not set for #FREE_DBI */
#define DB_DUPDATA	0x20		/**< DB is #MDB_DUPSORT data */
/** @} */
	/** In write txns, array of cursors for each DB */
	MDB_cursor	**mt_cursors;
	/** Array of flags for each DB */
	unsigned char	*mt_dbflags;
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	/** List of read-only pages (actually chunks) */
	MDB_ID3L	mt_rpages;
	/** We map chunks of 16 pages. Even though Windows uses 4KB pages, all
	 * mappings must begin on 64KB boundaries. So we round off all pgnos to
	 * a chunk boundary. We do the same on Linux for symmetry, and also to
	 * reduce the frequency of mmap/munmap calls.
	 */
#define MDB_RPAGE_CHUNK	16
#define MDB_TRPAGE_SIZE	4096	/**< size of #mt_rpages array of chunks */
#define MDB_TRPAGE_MAX	(MDB_TRPAGE_SIZE-1)	/**< maximum chunk index */
	unsigned int mt_rpcheck;	/**< threshold for reclaiming unref'd chunks */
#endif
	/**	Number of DB records in use, or 0 when the txn is finished.
	 *	This number only ever increments until the txn finishes; we
	 *	don't decrement it when individual DB handles are closed.
	 */
	MDB_dbi		mt_numdbs;

/** @defgroup mdb_txn	Transaction Flags
 *	@ingroup internal
 *	@{
 */
	/** #mdb_txn_begin() flags */
#define MDB_TXN_BEGIN_FLAGS	(MDB_NOMETASYNC|MDB_NOSYNC|MDB_RDONLY|MDB_OVERLAPPINGSYNC)
#define MDB_TXN_NOMETASYNC	MDB_NOMETASYNC	/**< don't sync meta for this txn on commit */
#define MDB_TXN_NOSYNC		MDB_NOSYNC	/**< don't sync this txn on commit */
#define MDB_TXN_RDONLY		MDB_RDONLY	/**< read-only transaction */
	/* internal txn flags */
#define MDB_TXN_WRITEMAP	MDB_WRITEMAP	/**< copy of #MDB_env flag in writers */
#define MDB_TXN_FINISHED	0x01		/**< txn is finished or never began */
#define MDB_TXN_ERROR		0x02		/**< txn is unusable after an error */
#define MDB_TXN_DIRTY		0x04		/**< must write, even if dirty list is empty */
#define MDB_TXN_SPILLS		0x08		/**< txn or a parent has spilled pages */
#define MDB_TXN_HAS_CHILD	0x10		/**< txn has an #MDB_txn.%mt_child */
#define MDB_TXN_DIRTYNUM	0x20		/**< dirty list uses nump list */
	/** most operations on the txn are currently illegal */
#define MDB_TXN_BLOCKED		(MDB_TXN_FINISHED|MDB_TXN_ERROR|MDB_TXN_HAS_CHILD)
/** @} */
	unsigned int	mt_flags;		/**< @ref mdb_txn */
	/** #dirty_list room: Array size - \#dirty pages visible to this txn.
	 *	Includes ancestor txns' dirty pages not hidden by other txns'
	 *	dirty/spilled pages. Thus commit(nested txn) has room to merge
	 *	dirty_list into mt_parent after freeing hidden mt_parent pages.
	 *	When #MDB_WRITEMAP, it is nonzero but otherwise irrelevant.
	 */
	unsigned int	mt_dirty_room;
};

/** Enough space for 2^32 nodes with minimum of 2 keys per node. I.e., plenty.
 * At 4 keys per node, enough for 2^64 nodes, so there's probably no need to
 * raise this on a 64 bit machine.
 */
#define CURSOR_STACK		 32

struct MDB_xcursor;

	/** Cursors are used for all DB operations.
	 *	A cursor holds a path of (page pointer, key index) from the DB
	 *	root to a position in the DB, plus other state. #MDB_DUPSORT
	 *	cursors include an xcursor to the current data item. Write txns
	 *	track their cursors and keep them up to date when data moves.
	 *	Exception: An xcursor's pointer to a #P_SUBP page can be stale.
	 *	(A node with #F_DUPDATA but no #F_SUBDATA contains a subpage).
	 */
struct MDB_cursor {
	/** Next cursor on this DB in this txn */
	MDB_cursor	*mc_next;
	/** Backup of the original cursor if this cursor is a shadow */
	MDB_cursor	*mc_backup;
	/** Context used for databases with #MDB_DUPSORT, otherwise NULL */
	struct MDB_xcursor	*mc_xcursor;
	/** The transaction that owns this cursor */
	MDB_txn		*mc_txn;
	/** The database handle this cursor operates on */
	MDB_dbi		mc_dbi;
	/** The database record for this cursor */
	MDB_db		*mc_db;
	/** The database auxiliary record for this cursor */
	MDB_dbx		*mc_dbx;
	/** The @ref mt_dbflag for this database */
	unsigned char	*mc_dbflag;
	unsigned short 	mc_snum;	/**< number of pushed pages */
	unsigned short	mc_top;		/**< index of top page, normally mc_snum-1 */
/** @defgroup mdb_cursor	Cursor Flags
 *	@ingroup internal
 *	Cursor state flags.
 *	@{
 */
#define C_INITIALIZED	0x01	/**< cursor has been initialized and is valid */
#define C_EOF	0x02			/**< No more data */
#define C_SUB	0x04			/**< Cursor is a sub-cursor */
#define C_DEL	0x08			/**< last op was a cursor_del */
#define C_UNTRACK	0x40		/**< Un-track cursor when closing */
#define C_WRITEMAP	MDB_TXN_WRITEMAP /**< Copy of txn flag */
/** Read-only cursor into the txn's original snapshot in the map.
 *	Set for read-only txns, and in #mdb_page_alloc() for #FREE_DBI when
 *	#MDB_DEVEL & 2. Only implements code which is necessary for this.
 */
#define C_ORIG_RDONLY	MDB_TXN_RDONLY
/** @} */
	unsigned int	mc_flags;	/**< @ref mdb_cursor */
	MDB_page	*mc_pg[CURSOR_STACK];	/**< stack of pushed pages */
	indx_t		mc_ki[CURSOR_STACK];	/**< stack of page indices */
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	MDB_page	*mc_ovpg;		/**< a referenced overflow page */
#	define MC_OVPG(mc)			((mc)->mc_ovpg)
#	define MC_SET_OVPG(mc, pg)	\
		((mc)->mc_ovpg = \
		 (MDB_REMAPPING((mc)->mc_txn->mt_env->me_flags) ? (pg) : NULL))
#else
#	define MC_OVPG(mc)			((MDB_page *)0)
#	define MC_SET_OVPG(mc, pg)	((void)0)
#endif
};

	/** Context for sorted-dup records.
	 *	We could have gone to a fully recursive design, with arbitrarily
	 *	deep nesting of sub-databases. But for now we only handle these
	 *	levels - main DB, optional sub-DB, sorted-duplicate DB.
	 */
typedef struct MDB_xcursor {
	/** A sub-cursor for traversing the Dup DB */
	MDB_cursor mx_cursor;
	/** The database record for this Dup DB */
	MDB_db	mx_db;
	/**	The auxiliary DB record for this Dup DB */
	MDB_dbx	mx_dbx;
	/** The @ref mt_dbflag for this Dup DB */
	unsigned char mx_dbflag;
} MDB_xcursor;

	/** Check if there is an inited xcursor */
#define XCURSOR_INITED(mc) \
	((mc)->mc_xcursor && ((mc)->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))

	/** Update the xcursor's sub-page pointer, if any, in \b mc.	Needed
	 *	when the node which contains the sub-page may have moved.	Called
	 *	with leaf page \b mp = mc->mc_pg[\b top].
	 */
#define XCURSOR_REFRESH(mc, top, mp) do { \
	MDB_page *xr_pg = (mp); \
	MDB_node *xr_node; \
	if (!XCURSOR_INITED(mc) || (mc)->mc_ki[top] >= NUMKEYS(xr_pg)) break; \
	xr_node = NODEPTR(xr_pg, (mc)->mc_ki[top]); \
	if ((xr_node->mn_flags & (F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA)) == F_DUPDATA) \
		(mc)->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = NODEDATA(xr_node); \
} while (0)

	/** State of FreeDB old pages, stored in the MDB_env */
typedef struct MDB_pgstate {
	pgno_t		*mf_pghead;	/**< Reclaimed freeDB pages, or NULL before use */
	pgno_t		mf_freelist_start;	/**< Page number of beginning of active freelist (in-memory) */
	pgno_t		mf_freelist_end;	/**< Page number of end of active freelist (in-memory) */
	/** Position in the free page list, so that we can keep trying to write to the same block
	 * if possible. We use sign here, a negative number means we are in middle of contiguous
	 * (in a transaction) and we really want to use the next page, a positive number is
	 * just the next page number */
	int 		mf_position;
	int 		mf_written_start; /* start of modified entries in free-list */
	int 		mf_written_end; /* start of modified entries in free-list */
} MDB_pgstate;
/*<lmdb-js>*/
struct MDB_last_map {
	struct MDB_last_map	*last_map;
	char 			*map;
	mdb_size_t		mapsize;
};
typedef struct MDB_last_map MDB_last_map;
/*</lmdb-js>*/
	/** The database environment. */
struct MDB_env {
	HANDLE		me_fd;		/**< The main data file */
	HANDLE		me_lfd;		/**< The lock file */
	HANDLE		me_mfd;		/**< For writing and syncing the meta pages */
#ifdef _WIN32
#ifdef MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	HANDLE		me_fmh;		/**< File Mapping handle */
#endif
	HANDLE		me_ovfd;	/**< Overlapped/async with write-through file handle */
#endif /* _WIN32 */
	/** Failed to update the meta page. Probably an I/O error. */
#define	MDB_FATAL_ERROR	0x80000000U
	/** using a raw block device */
#define	MDB_RAWPART		0x40000000U
	/** Some fields are initialized. */
#define	MDB_ENV_ACTIVE	0x20000000U
	/** me_txkey is set */
#define	MDB_ENV_TXKEY	0x10000000U
	/** fdatasync is unreliable */
#define	MDB_FSYNCONLY	0x08000000U
	uint32_t 	me_flags;		/**< @ref mdb_env */
	unsigned int	me_psize;	/**< DB page size, inited from me_os_psize */
	unsigned int	me_os_psize;	/**< OS page size, from #GET_PAGESIZE */
	unsigned int	me_maxreaders;	/**< size of the reader table */
	/** Max #MDB_txninfo.%mti_numreaders of interest to #mdb_env_close() */
	volatile int	me_close_readers;
	MDB_dbi		me_numdbs;		/**< number of DBs opened */
	MDB_dbi		me_maxdbs;		/**< size of the DB table */
	MDB_PID_T	me_pid;		/**< process ID of this env */
	char		*me_path;		/**< path to the DB files */
	char		*me_map;		/**< the memory map of the data file */
/*<lmdb-js>*/
	MDB_last_map	*me_last_map;	/**< the previous memory map of the data file after a resize */
/*</lmdb-js>*/
	MDB_txninfo	*me_txns;		/**< the memory map of the lock file or NULL */
	MDB_meta	*me_metas[NUM_METAS];	/**< pointers to the two meta pages */
	void		*me_pbuf;		/**< scratch area for DUPSORT put() */
	MDB_txn		*me_txn;		/**< current write transaction */
	MDB_txn		*me_txn0;		/**< prealloc'd write transaction */
	mdb_size_t	me_mapsize;		/**< size of the data memory map */
	MDB_OFF_T	me_size;		/**< current file size */
	pgno_t		me_maxpg;		/**< me_mapsize / me_psize */
	MDB_dbx		*me_dbxs;		/**< array of static DB info */
	uint16_t	*me_dbflags;	/**< array of flags from MDB_db.md_flags */
	unsigned int	*me_dbiseqs;	/**< array of dbi sequence numbers */
	pthread_key_t	me_txkey;	/**< thread-key for readers */
	txnid_t		me_pgoldest;	/**< ID of oldest reader last time we looked */
	MDB_pgstate	me_pgstate;		/**< state of old pages from freeDB */
#	define		me_freelist_start	me_pgstate.mf_freelist_start
#	define		me_freelist_end	me_pgstate.mf_freelist_end
#	define		me_pghead	me_pgstate.mf_pghead
#	define		me_freelist_position	me_pgstate.mf_position
#	define		me_freelist_written_start	me_pgstate.mf_written_start
#	define		me_freelist_written_end	me_pgstate.mf_written_end
	unsigned int me_maxfreepgs_to_load; /**< max freelist entries to load into memory */
	unsigned int me_maxfreepgs_to_retain; /**< max freelist entries to load into memory */
	MDB_page	*me_dpages;		/**< list of malloc'd blocks for re-use */
	/** IDL of pages that became unused in a write txn */
	MDB_IDL		me_free_pgs;
	/** ID2L of pages written during a write txn. Length MDB_IDL_UM_SIZE.
	 *	Unused except for a dummy element when #MDB_WRITEMAP.
	 */
	MDB_ID2L	me_dirty_list;
	int			*me_dirty_nump;
	/** Max number of freelist items that can fit in a single overflow page */
	int			me_maxfree_1pg;
	/** Max size of a node on a page */
	unsigned int	me_nodemax;
#if !(MDB_MAXKEYSIZE)
	unsigned int	me_maxkey;	/**< max size of a key */
#endif
	int		me_live_reader;		/**< have liveness lock in reader table */
#ifdef _WIN32
	int		me_pidquery;		/**< Used in OpenProcess */
	OVERLAPPED		*me_ov;			/**< Used for overlapping I/O requests */
	int		me_ovs;				/**< Count of MDB_overlaps */
#endif
#ifdef MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX	/* Posix mutexes reside in shared mem */
#	define		me_rmutex	me_txns->mti_rmutex /**< Shared reader lock */
#	define		me_wmutex	me_txns->mti_wmutex /**< Shared writer lock */
#	define		me_sync_mutex	me_txns->mti_sync_mutex /**< Shared sync lock */
#else
	mdb_mutex_t	me_rmutex;
	mdb_mutex_t	me_wmutex;
	mdb_mutex_t	me_sync_mutex;
# if defined(_WIN32) || defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
	/** Half-initialized name of mutexes, to be completed by #MUTEXNAME() */
	char		me_mutexname[sizeof(MUTEXNAME_PREFIX) + 11];
# endif
#endif
	mdb_size_t me_synced_txn_id;
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	MDB_ID3L	me_rpages;	/**< like #mt_rpages, but global to env */
	pthread_mutex_t	me_rpmutex;	/**< control access to #me_rpages */
	MDB_sum_func *me_sumfunc;	/**< checksum env data */
	unsigned short me_sumsize;	/**< size of per-page checksums */
#define MDB_ERPAGE_SIZE	16384
#define MDB_ERPAGE_MAX	(MDB_ERPAGE_SIZE-1)
	unsigned short me_esumsize;	/**< size of per-page authentication data */
	unsigned int me_rpcheck;

	MDB_enc_func *me_encfunc;	/**< encrypt env data */
	MDB_val		me_enckey;	/**< key for env encryption */
#endif
	void		*me_userctx;	 /**< User-settable context */
	MDB_metrics		me_metrics;	 /**< Metrics tracking */
	MDB_assert_func *me_assert_func; /**< Callback for assertion failures */
	void *me_callback; /**< General callback */
	int64_t 	boot_id;
};

	/** Nested transaction */
typedef struct MDB_ntxn {
	MDB_txn		mnt_txn;		/**< the transaction */
	MDB_pgstate	mnt_pgstate;	/**< parent transaction's saved freestate */
} MDB_ntxn;

	/** max number of pages to commit in one writev() call */
#define MDB_COMMIT_PAGES	 64
#if defined(IOV_MAX) && IOV_MAX < MDB_COMMIT_PAGES
#undef MDB_COMMIT_PAGES
#define MDB_COMMIT_PAGES	IOV_MAX
#endif

	/** max bytes to write in one call */
#define MAX_WRITE		(0x40000000U >> (sizeof(ssize_t) == 4))

	/** Check \b txn and \b dbi arguments to a function */
#define TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, validity) \
	((txn) && (dbi)<(txn)->mt_numdbs && ((txn)->mt_dbflags[dbi] & (validity)))

	/** Check for misused \b dbi handles */
#define TXN_DBI_CHANGED(txn, dbi) \
	((txn)->mt_dbiseqs[dbi] != (txn)->mt_env->me_dbiseqs[dbi])

#define MDB_FREELIST_DELETING	1
static int	mdb_page_alloc(MDB_cursor *mc, int num, MDB_page **mp);
static int	mdb_page_new(MDB_cursor *mc, uint32_t flags, int num, MDB_page **mp);
static int	mdb_page_touch(MDB_cursor *mc);

#define MDB_END_NAMES {"committed", "empty-commit", "abort", "reset", \
	"reset-tmp", "fail-begin", "fail-beginchild"}
enum {
	/* mdb_txn_end operation number, for logging */
	MDB_END_COMMITTED, MDB_END_EMPTY_COMMIT, MDB_END_ABORT, MDB_END_RESET,
	MDB_END_RESET_TMP, MDB_END_FAIL_BEGIN, MDB_END_FAIL_BEGINCHILD
};
#define MDB_END_OPMASK	0x0F	/**< mask for #mdb_txn_end() operation number */
#define MDB_END_UPDATE	0x10	/**< update env state (DBIs) */
#define MDB_END_FREE	0x20	/**< free txn unless it is #MDB_env.%me_txn0 */
#define MDB_END_SLOT MDB_NOTLS	/**< release any reader slot if #MDB_NOTLS */
static void mdb_txn_end(MDB_txn *txn, unsigned mode);

#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
#define MDB_PAGE_GET(mc, pg, numpgs, mp)	mdb_page_get(mc, pg, numpgs, mp)
static void mdb_rpage_dispose(MDB_env *env, MDB_ID3 *id3);
#else
/* Drop unused numpgs argument when !MDB_RPAGE_CACHE */
#define MDB_PAGE_GET(mc, pg, numpgs, mp)	mdb_page_get(mc, pg, mp)
#endif
static int	MDB_PAGE_GET(MDB_cursor *mc, pgno_t pgno, int numpgs, MDB_page **mp);

static int	mdb_page_search_root(MDB_cursor *mc,
					MDB_val *key, int modify);
#define MDB_PS_MODIFY	1
#define MDB_PS_ROOTONLY	2
#define MDB_PS_FIRST	4
#define MDB_PS_LAST		8
static int	mdb_page_search(MDB_cursor *mc,
					MDB_val *key, int flags);
static int	mdb_page_merge(MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst);

#define MDB_SPLIT_REPLACE	MDB_APPENDDUP	/**< newkey is not new */
static int	mdb_page_split(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *newkey, MDB_val *newdata,
				pgno_t newpgno, unsigned int nflags);

static int	mdb_env_read_header(MDB_env *env, int prev, MDB_meta *meta);
static MDB_meta *mdb_env_pick_meta(const MDB_env *env);
static int	mdb_env_write_meta(MDB_txn *txn);
#if defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX) && !defined(MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED) /* Drop unused excl arg */
# define mdb_env_close_active(env, excl) mdb_env_close1(env)
#endif
static void mdb_env_close_active(MDB_env *env, int excl);

static MDB_node *mdb_node_search(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, int *exactp);
static int	mdb_node_add(MDB_cursor *mc, indx_t indx,
					MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, pgno_t pgno, unsigned int flags);
static void mdb_node_del(MDB_cursor *mc, int ksize);
static void mdb_node_shrink(MDB_page *mp, indx_t indx);
static int	mdb_node_move(MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst, int fromleft);
static int	mdb_node_read(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_node *leaf, MDB_val *data);
static size_t	mdb_leaf_size(MDB_env *env, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data);
static size_t	mdb_branch_size(MDB_env *env, MDB_val *key);

static int	mdb_rebalance(MDB_cursor *mc);
static int	mdb_update_key(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key);

static void	mdb_cursor_pop(MDB_cursor *mc);
static int	mdb_cursor_push(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_page *mp);

static int	mdb_cursor_del0(MDB_cursor *mc);
static int	mdb_del0(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, unsigned flags);
static int	mdb_cursor_sibling(MDB_cursor *mc, int move_right);
static int	mdb_cursor_next(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, MDB_cursor_op op);
static int	mdb_cursor_prev(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, MDB_cursor_op op);
static int	mdb_cursor_set(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, MDB_cursor_op op,
				int *exactp);
static int	mdb_cursor_first(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data);
static int	mdb_cursor_last(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data);

static void	mdb_cursor_init(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_xcursor *mx);
static void	mdb_xcursor_init0(MDB_cursor *mc);
static void	mdb_xcursor_init1(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_node *node);
static void	mdb_xcursor_init2(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_xcursor *src_mx, int force);

static int	mdb_drop0(MDB_cursor *mc, int subs);
static void mdb_default_cmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi);
static int mdb_reader_check0(MDB_env *env, int rlocked, int *dead);

/** @cond */
static MDB_cmp_func	mdb_cmp_memn, mdb_cmp_memnr, mdb_cmp_int, mdb_cmp_cint, mdb_cmp_long;
/** @endcond */

/** Compare two items pointing at '#mdb_size_t's of unknown alignment. */
#ifdef MISALIGNED_OK
# define mdb_cmp_clong mdb_cmp_long
#else
# define mdb_cmp_clong mdb_cmp_cint
#endif

/** True if we need #mdb_cmp_clong() instead of \b cmp for #MDB_INTEGERDUP */
#define NEED_CMP_CLONG(cmp, ksize) \
	(UINT_MAX < MDB_SIZE_MAX && \
	 (cmp) == mdb_cmp_int && (ksize) == sizeof(mdb_size_t))

#ifdef _WIN32
static SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR mdb_null_sd;
static SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES mdb_all_sa;
static int mdb_sec_inited;

struct MDB_name;
static int utf8_to_utf16(const char *src, struct MDB_name *dst, int xtra);
#endif

/** Return the library version info. */
char * ESECT
mdb_version(int *major, int *minor, int *patch)
{
	if (major) *major = MDB_VERSION_MAJOR;
	if (minor) *minor = MDB_VERSION_MINOR;
	if (patch) *patch = MDB_VERSION_PATCH;
	return MDB_VERSION_STRING;
}

/** Table of descriptions for LMDB @ref errors */
static char *const mdb_errstr[] = {
	"MDB_KEYEXIST: Key/data pair already exists",
	"MDB_NOTFOUND: No matching key/data pair found",
	"MDB_PAGE_NOTFOUND: Requested page not found",
	"MDB_CORRUPTED: Located page was wrong type",
	"MDB_PANIC: Update of meta page failed or environment had fatal error",
	"MDB_VERSION_MISMATCH: Database environment version mismatch",
	"MDB_INVALID: File is not an LMDB file",
	"MDB_MAP_FULL: Environment mapsize limit reached",
	"MDB_DBS_FULL: Environment maxdbs limit reached",
	"MDB_READERS_FULL: Environment maxreaders limit reached",
	"MDB_TLS_FULL: Thread-local storage keys full - too many environments open",
	"MDB_TXN_FULL: Transaction has too many dirty pages - transaction too big",
	"MDB_CURSOR_FULL: Internal error - cursor stack limit reached",
	"MDB_PAGE_FULL: Internal error - page has no more space",
	"MDB_MAP_RESIZED: Database contents grew beyond environment mapsize",
	"MDB_INCOMPATIBLE: Operation and DB incompatible, or DB flags changed",
	"MDB_BAD_RSLOT: Invalid reuse of reader locktable slot",
	"MDB_BAD_TXN: Transaction must abort, has a child, or is invalid",
	"MDB_BAD_VALSIZE: Unsupported size of key/DB name/data, or wrong DUPFIXED size",
	"MDB_BAD_DBI: The specified DBI handle was closed/changed unexpectedly",
	"MDB_PROBLEM: Unexpected problem - txn should abort",
	"MDB_BAD_CHECKSUM: Page checksum mismatch",
	"MDB_CRYPTO_FAIL: Page encryption or decryption failed",
	"MDB_ENV_ENCRYPTION: Environment encryption mismatch",
	"MDB_LOCK_FAILURE: Failed to get robust semaphore, increase max semaphore count by running 'sudo sysctl kern.sysv.semume=200' or build with robust mutexes disabled (see docs)",
	"MDB_EMPTY_TXN: Transaction was empty",
};
//<lmdb-js>
static char* last_error = NULL;
//</lmdb-js>

char *
mdb_strerror(int err)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
	/** HACK: pad 4KB on stack over the buf. Return system msgs in buf.
	 *	This works as long as no function between the call to mdb_strerror
	 *	and the actual use of the message uses more than 4K of stack.
	 */
#define MSGSIZE	1024
#define PADSIZE	4096
	char buf[MSGSIZE+PADSIZE], *ptr = buf;
#endif
	int i;
	if (!err)
		return ("Successful return: 0");

	if (err >= MDB_KEYEXIST && err <= MDB_LAST_ERRCODE) {
		i = err - MDB_KEYEXIST;
		if (last_error) {
			char* error = malloc(300);
			strcpy(error, mdb_errstr[i]);
			strcat(error, ": ");
			strcat(error, last_error);
			last_error = NULL;
			return error;
		}
		return mdb_errstr[i];
	}

#ifdef _WIN32
	/* These are the C-runtime error codes we use. The comment indicates
	 * their numeric value, and the Win32 error they would correspond to
	 * if the error actually came from a Win32 API. A major mess, we should
	 * have used LMDB-specific error codes for everything.
	 */
	switch(err) {
	case ENOENT:	/* 2, FILE_NOT_FOUND */
	case EIO:		/* 5, ACCESS_DENIED */
	case ENOMEM:	/* 12, INVALID_ACCESS */
	case EACCES:	/* 13, INVALID_DATA */
	case EBUSY:		/* 16, CURRENT_DIRECTORY */
	case EINVAL:	/* 22, BAD_COMMAND */
	case ENOSPC:	/* 28, OUT_OF_PAPER */
		if (last_error) {
			char* error = malloc(300);
			strcpy(error, strerror(err));
			strcat(error, ": ");
			strcat(error, last_error);
			last_error = NULL;
			return error;
		}
		return strerror(err);
	default:
		;
	}
	buf[0] = 0;
	FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
		FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
		NULL, err, 0, ptr, MSGSIZE, (va_list *)NULL);
	return ptr;
#else
	if (last_error) {
		char* error = malloc(300);
		strcpy(error, strerror(err));
		strcat(error, ": ");
		strcat(error, last_error);
		last_error = NULL;
		return error;
	}
	return strerror(err);
#endif
}

/** assert(3) variant in cursor context */
#define mdb_cassert(mc, expr)	mdb_assert0((mc)->mc_txn->mt_env, expr, #expr)
/** assert(3) variant in transaction context */
#define mdb_tassert(txn, expr)	mdb_assert0((txn)->mt_env, expr, #expr)
/** assert(3) variant in environment context */
#define mdb_eassert(env, expr)	mdb_assert0(env, expr, #expr)

#ifndef NDEBUG
# define mdb_assert0(env, expr, expr_txt) ((expr) ? (void)0 : \
		mdb_assert_fail(env, expr_txt, mdb_func_, __FILE__, __LINE__))

static void ESECT
mdb_assert_fail(MDB_env *env, const char *expr_txt,
	const char *func, const char *file, int line)
{
	char buf[400];
	sprintf(buf, "%.100s:%d: Assertion '%.200s' failed in %.40s()",
		file, line, expr_txt, func);
	if (env->me_assert_func)
		env->me_assert_func(env, buf);
	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buf);
	abort();
}
#else
# define mdb_assert0(env, expr, expr_txt) ((void) 0)
#endif /* NDEBUG */

#if MDB_DEBUG
/** Return the page number of \b mp which may be sub-page, for debug output */
static pgno_t
mdb_dbg_pgno(MDB_page *mp)
{
	pgno_t ret;
	COPY_PGNO(ret, mp->mp_pgno);
	return ret;
}

/** Display a key in hexadecimal and return the address of the result.
 * @param[in] key the key to display
 * @param[in] buf the buffer to write into. Should always be #DKBUF.
 * @return The key in hexadecimal form.
 */
char *
mdb_dkey(MDB_val *key, char *buf)
{
	char *ptr = buf;
	unsigned char *c = key->mv_data;
	unsigned int i;

	if (!key)
		return "";

	if (key->mv_size > DKBUF_MAXKEYSIZE)
		return "MDB_MAXKEYSIZE";
	/* may want to make this a dynamic check: if the key is mostly
	 * printable characters, print it as-is instead of converting to hex.
	 */
#if 1
	buf[0] = '\0';
	for (i=0; i<key->mv_size; i++)
		ptr += sprintf(ptr, "%02x", *c++);
#else
	sprintf(buf, "%.*s", key->mv_size, key->mv_data);
#endif
	return buf;
}

static const char *
mdb_leafnode_type(MDB_node *n)
{
	static char *const tp[2][2] = {{"", ": DB"}, {": sub-page", ": sub-DB"}};
	return F_ISSET(n->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA) ? ": overflow page" :
		tp[F_ISSET(n->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)][F_ISSET(n->mn_flags, F_SUBDATA)];
}

/** Display all the keys in the page. */
void
mdb_page_list(MDB_page *mp)
{
	pgno_t pgno = mdb_dbg_pgno(mp);
	const char *type;
	MDB_node *node;
	unsigned int i, nkeys, nsize, total = 0;
	MDB_val key;
	DKBUF;

	switch (mp->mp_flags & (P_BRANCH|P_LEAF|P_LEAF2|P_META|P_OVERFLOW|P_SUBP)) {
	case P_BRANCH:							type = "Branch page";		break;
	case P_LEAF:								type = "Leaf page";			break;
	case P_LEAF|P_SUBP:				 type = "Sub-page";			break;
	case P_LEAF|P_LEAF2:				type = "LEAF2 page";		break;
	case P_LEAF|P_LEAF2|P_SUBP: type = "LEAF2 sub-page";	break;
	case P_OVERFLOW:
		fprintf(stderr, "Overflow page %"Yu" pages %u\n", pgno, mp->mp_pages);
		return;
	case P_META:
		fprintf(stderr, "Meta-page %"Yu" txnid %"Yu"\n",
			pgno, ((MDB_meta *)METADATA(mp))->mm_txnid);
		return;
	default:
		fprintf(stderr, "Bad page %"Yu" flags 0x%X\n", pgno, mp->mp_flags);
		return;
	}

	nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
	fprintf(stderr, "%s %"Yu" numkeys %d\n", type, pgno, nkeys);

	for (i=0; i<nkeys; i++) {
		if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {	/* LEAF2 pages have no mp_ptrs[] or node headers */
			key.mv_size = nsize = mp->mp_pad;
			key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, i, nsize);
			total += nsize;
			fprintf(stderr, "key %d: nsize %d, %s\n", i, nsize, DKEY(&key));
			continue;
		}
		node = NODEPTR(mp, i);
		key.mv_size = node->mn_ksize;
		key.mv_data = node->mn_data;
		nsize = NODESIZE + key.mv_size;
		if (IS_BRANCH(mp)) {
			fprintf(stderr, "key %d: page %"Yu", %s\n", i, NODEPGNO(node),
				DKEY(&key));
			total += nsize;
		} else {
			if (F_ISSET(node->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA))
				nsize += sizeof(MDB_ovpage);
			else
				nsize += NODEDSZ(node);
			total += nsize;
			nsize += sizeof(indx_t);
			fprintf(stderr, "key %d: nsize %d, %s%s\n",
				i, nsize, DKEY(&key), mdb_leafnode_type(node));
		}
		total = EVEN(total);
	}
	fprintf(stderr, "Total: header %d + contents %d + unused %d\n",
		IS_LEAF2(mp) ? PAGEHDRSZ : PAGEBASE + mp->mp_lower, total, SIZELEFT(mp));
}

void
mdb_cursor_chk(MDB_cursor *mc)
{
	unsigned int i;
	MDB_node *node;
	MDB_page *mp;

	if (!mc->mc_snum || !(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) return;
	for (i=0; i<mc->mc_top; i++) {
		mp = mc->mc_pg[i];
		node = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[i]);
		if (NODEPGNO(node) != mc->mc_pg[i+1]->mp_pgno)
			printf("oops!\n");
	}
	if (mc->mc_ki[i] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[i]))
		printf("ack!\n");
	if (XCURSOR_INITED(mc)) {
		node = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
		if (((node->mn_flags & (F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA)) == F_DUPDATA) &&
			mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] != NODEDATA(node)) {
			printf("blah!\n");
		}
	}
}
#endif

#if (MDB_DEBUG) > 2
/** Count all the pages in each DB and in the freelist
 *	and make sure it matches the actual number of pages
 *	being used.
 *	All named DBs must be open for a correct count.
 */
static void mdb_audit(MDB_txn *txn)
{
	MDB_cursor mc;
	MDB_val key, data;
	MDB_ID freecount, count;
	MDB_dbi i;
	int rc;

	freecount = 0;
	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, FREE_DBI, NULL);
	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0)
		freecount += *(MDB_ID *)data.mv_data;
	mdb_tassert(txn, rc == MDB_NOTFOUND);

	count = 0;
	for (i = 0; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
		MDB_xcursor mx;
		if (!(txn->mt_dbflags[i] & DB_VALID))
			continue;
		mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, i, &mx);
		if (txn->mt_dbs[i].md_root == P_INVALID)
			continue;
		count += txn->mt_dbs[i].md_branch_pages +
			txn->mt_dbs[i].md_leaf_pages +
			txn->mt_dbs[i].md_overflow_pages;
		if (txn->mt_dbs[i].md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
			rc = mdb_page_search(&mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST);
			for (; rc == MDB_SUCCESS; rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(&mc, 1)) {
				unsigned j;
				MDB_page *mp;
				mp = mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top];
				for (j=0; j<NUMKEYS(mp); j++) {
					MDB_node *leaf = NODEPTR(mp, j);
					if (leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
						MDB_db db;
						memcpy(&db, NODEDATA(leaf), sizeof(db));
						count += db.md_branch_pages + db.md_leaf_pages +
							db.md_overflow_pages;
					}
				}
			}
			mdb_tassert(txn, rc == MDB_NOTFOUND);
		}
	}
	if (freecount + count + NUM_METAS != txn->mt_next_pgno) {
		fprintf(stderr, "audit: %"Yu" freecount: %"Yu" count: %"Yu" total: %"Yu" next_pgno: %"Yu"\n",
			txn->mt_txnid, freecount, count+NUM_METAS,
			freecount+count+NUM_METAS, txn->mt_next_pgno);
	}
}
#endif

int
mdb_cmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
{
	return txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_cmp(a, b);
}

int
mdb_dcmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
{
	MDB_cmp_func *dcmp = txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_dcmp;
	if (NEED_CMP_CLONG(dcmp, a->mv_size))
		dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
	return dcmp(a, b);
}

/** Allocate memory for a page.
 * Re-use old malloc'd pages first for singletons, otherwise just malloc.
 * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
 */
static MDB_page *
mdb_page_malloc(MDB_txn *txn, unsigned num, int init)
{
	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
	MDB_page *ret = env->me_dpages;
	size_t psize = env->me_psize, sz = psize, off;
	/* For ! #MDB_NOMEMINIT, psize counts how much to init.
	 * For a single page alloc, we init everything after the page header.
	 * For multi-page, we init the final page; if the caller needed that
	 * many pages they will be filling in at least up to the last page.
	 */
	if (num == 1) {
		psize -= off = PAGEHDRSZ;
		if (ret) {
			VGMEMP_ALLOC(env, ret, sz);
			VGMEMP_DEFINED(ret, sizeof(ret->mp_next));
			env->me_dpages = ret->mp_next;
			goto init;
		}
	} else {
		sz *= num;
		off = sz - psize;
	}
	if ((ret = malloc(sz)) != NULL) {
		VGMEMP_ALLOC(env, ret, sz);
init:
		if (init && !(env->me_flags & MDB_NOMEMINIT)) {
			memset((char *)ret + off, 0, psize);
			ret->mp_pad = 0;
		}
	} else {
		fprintf(stderr, "malloc error\n");
		txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
	}
	ret->mp_flags = 0;
	return ret;
}
/** Free a single page.
 * Saves single pages to a list, for future reuse.
 * (This is not used for multi-page overflow pages.)
 */
static void
mdb_page_free(MDB_env *env, MDB_page *mp)
{
	mp->mp_next = env->me_dpages;
	VGMEMP_FREE(env, mp);
	env->me_dpages = mp;
}

/** Free a dirty page */
static void
mdb_dpage_free(MDB_env *env, MDB_page *dp)
{
	if (!IS_OVERFLOW(dp) || dp->mp_pages == 1) {
		mdb_page_free(env, dp);
	} else {
		/* large pages just get freed directly */
		VGMEMP_FREE(env, dp);
		free(dp);
	}
}

#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
/** Free an encrypted dirty page
 * We can't check if it's an overflow page,
 * caller must tell us how many are being freed.
 */
static void
mdb_dpage_free_n(MDB_env *env, MDB_page *dp, int num)
{
	if (num == 1)
		mdb_page_free(env, dp);
	else {
		/* large pages just get freed directly */
		VGMEMP_FREE(env, dp);
		free(dp);
	}
}
#endif

/**	Return all dirty pages to dpage list */
static void
mdb_dlist_free(MDB_txn *txn)
{
	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
	MDB_ID2L dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
	unsigned i, n = dl[0].mid;

	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_DIRTYNUM) {
		int *dl_nump = env->me_dirty_nump;
		for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
			mdb_dpage_free_n(env, dl[i].mptr, dl_nump[i]);
		}
		txn->mt_flags ^= MDB_TXN_DIRTYNUM;
	} else {
		for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
			mdb_dpage_free(env, dl[i].mptr);
		}
	}
	dl[0].mid = 0;
}

#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
#if defined(MDB_VL32) || ((MDB_RPAGE_CACHE) & 2) /* Always remap */
#define MDB_REMAPPING(flags)	1
#else
#define MDB_REMAPPING(flags)	((flags) & MDB_REMAP_CHUNKS)
#endif

static void
mdb_page_unref(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_page *mp)
{
	pgno_t pgno;
	MDB_ID3L tl = txn->mt_rpages;
	unsigned x, rem;
	if (IS_SUBP(mp) || IS_DIRTY_NW(txn, mp))
		return;
	rem = mp->mp_pgno & (MDB_RPAGE_CHUNK-1);
	pgno = mp->mp_pgno ^ rem;
	x = mdb_mid3l_search(tl, pgno);
	if (x != tl[0].mid && tl[x+1].mid == mp->mp_pgno)
		x++;
	if (tl[x].mref)
		tl[x].mref--;
}
#define MDB_PAGE_UNREF(txn, mp) \
	(MDB_REMAPPING(txn->mt_env->me_flags) ? mdb_page_unref(txn, mp) : (void)0)

static void
mdb_cursor_unref(MDB_cursor *mc)
{
	int i;
	if (mc->mc_txn->mt_rpages[0].mid) {
		if (!mc->mc_snum || !mc->mc_pg[0] || IS_SUBP(mc->mc_pg[0]))
			return;
		for (i=0; i<mc->mc_snum; i++)
			mdb_page_unref(mc->mc_txn, mc->mc_pg[i]);
		if (mc->mc_ovpg) {
			mdb_page_unref(mc->mc_txn, mc->mc_ovpg);
			mc->mc_ovpg = 0;
		}
	}
	mc->mc_snum = mc->mc_top = 0;
	mc->mc_pg[0] = NULL;
	mc->mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
}
#define MDB_CURSOR_UNREF(mc, force) \
	((MDB_REMAPPING((mc)->mc_txn->mt_env->me_flags) && \
	 ((force) || ((mc)->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))) \
	 ? mdb_cursor_unref(mc) \
	 : (void)0)

/* Unref ovpage \b omp in \b mc and tracked cursors */
static void
mdb_ovpage_unref_all(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_page *omp)
{
	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
	MDB_cursor *next = txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi];
	for (;; mc = next, next = mc->mc_next) {
		if (MC_OVPG(mc) == omp) {
			mdb_page_unref(mc->mc_txn, omp);
			MC_SET_OVPG(mc, NULL);
		}
		if (next == NULL)
			break;
	}
}

#else
#define MDB_REMAPPING(flags)	0
#define MDB_PAGE_UNREF(txn, mp)
#define MDB_CURSOR_UNREF(mc, force) ((void)0)
#define mdb_ovpage_unref_all(mc, omp, pgno) ((void)0)
#endif /* MDB_RPAGE_CACHE */

/** Loosen or free a single page.
 * Saves single pages to a list for future reuse
 * in this same txn. It has been pulled from the freeDB
 * and already resides on the dirty list, but has been
 * deleted. Use these pages first before pulling again
 * from the freeDB.
 *
 * If the page wasn't dirtied in this txn, just add it
 * to this txn's free list.
 */
static int
mdb_page_loose(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_page *mp)
{
	int rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;

	if (IS_WRITABLE(txn, mp) && mc->mc_dbi != FREE_DBI) {
		/* Page is dirty in this txn, and is not in freeDB */
		DPRINTF(("loosen db %d page %"Yu, DDBI(mc), mp->mp_pgno));
		NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(mp) = txn->mt_loose_pgs;
		txn->mt_loose_pgs = mp;
		txn->mt_loose_count++;
		mp->mp_flags |= P_LOOSE;
	} else {
		rc = mdb_midl_append(&txn->mt_free_pgs, mp->mp_pgno);
	}

	return rc;
}

/** Set or clear P_KEEP in dirty, non-overflow, non-sub pages watched by txn.
 * @param[in] mc A cursor handle for the current operation.
 * @param[in] pflags Flags of the pages to update:
 * 0 to set P_KEEP, P_KEEP to clear it.
 * @param[in] all No shortcuts. Needed except after a full #mdb_page_flush().
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_pages_xkeep(MDB_cursor *mc, unsigned pflags, int all)
{
	enum { Mask = P_SUBP|P_LOOSE|P_KEEP };
	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
	MDB_cursor *m3, *m0 = mc;
	MDB_xcursor *mx;
	MDB_page *dp, *mp;
	MDB_node *leaf;
	unsigned i, j, x;
	int rc = MDB_SUCCESS;

	/* Mark pages seen by cursors: First m0, then tracked cursors */
	for (i = txn->mt_numdbs;; ) {
		if (mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) {
			for (m3 = mc;; m3 = &mx->mx_cursor) {
				mp = NULL;
				for (j=0; j<m3->mc_snum; j++) {
					mp = m3->mc_pg[j];
					if ((mp->mp_flags & Mask) == pflags)
						if (IS_WRITABLE(txn, mp))
						mp->mp_flags ^= P_KEEP;
				}
				if (MC_OVPG(m3) && ((MC_OVPG(m3)->mp_flags & Mask) == pflags) &&
					IS_WRITABLE(txn, MC_OVPG(m3)))
					MC_OVPG(m3)->mp_flags ^= P_KEEP;
				mx = m3->mc_xcursor;
				/* Proceed to mx if it is at a sub-database */
				if (! (mx && (mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)))
					break;
				if (! (mp && (mp->mp_flags & P_LEAF)))
					break;
				leaf = NODEPTR(mp, m3->mc_ki[j-1]);
				if (!(leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA))
					break;
			}
		}
		mc = mc->mc_next;
		for (; !mc || mc == m0; mc = txn->mt_cursors[--i])
			if (i == 0)
				goto mark_done;
	}

mark_done:
	if (all) {
		/* Mark dirty root pages */
		MDB_ID2L dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
		for (i=0; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
			if (txn->mt_dbflags[i] & DB_DIRTY) {
				pgno_t pgno = txn->mt_dbs[i].md_root;
				if (pgno == P_INVALID)
					continue;
				x = mdb_mid2l_search(dl, pgno);
				if (! (x <= dl[0].mid && dl[x].mid == pgno))
					continue;
				dp = dl[x].mptr;
				if ((dp->mp_flags & Mask) == pflags)
					dp->mp_flags ^= P_KEEP;
			}
		}
	}

	return rc;
}

static int mdb_page_flush(MDB_txn *txn, int keep);

/**	Spill pages from the dirty list back to disk.
 * This is intended to prevent running into #MDB_TXN_FULL situations,
 * but note that they may still occur in a few cases:
 *	1) our estimate of the txn size could be too small. Currently this
 *	 seems unlikely, except with a large number of #MDB_MULTIPLE items.
 *	2) child txns may run out of space if their parents dirtied a
 *	 lot of pages and never spilled them. TODO: we probably should do
 *	 a preemptive spill during #mdb_txn_begin() of a child txn, if
 *	 the parent's dirty_room is below a given threshold.
 *
 * Otherwise, if not using nested txns, it is expected that apps will
 * not run into #MDB_TXN_FULL any more. The pages are flushed to disk
 * the same way as for a txn commit.
 * If the txn never references them again, they can be left alone.
 * If the txn only reads them, they can be used without any fuss.
 * If the txn writes them again, they can be dirtied immediately without
 * going thru all of the work of #mdb_page_touch(). Such references are
 * handled by #mdb_page_unspill().
 *
 * Also note, we never spill DB root pages, nor pages of active cursors,
 * because we'll need these back again soon anyway. And in nested txns,
 * we can't spill a page in a child txn if it was already spilled in a
 * parent txn. That would alter the parent txns' data even though
 * the child hasn't committed yet, and we'd have no way to undo it if
 * the child aborted.
 *
 * @param[in] m0 cursor A cursor handle identifying the transaction and
 *	database for which we are checking space.
 * @param[in] key For a put operation, the key being stored.
 * @param[in] data For a put operation, the data being stored.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_page_spill(MDB_cursor *m0, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
{
	MDB_txn *txn = m0->mc_txn;
	MDB_page *dp;
	MDB_ID2L dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
	unsigned int i, j, need;
	int rc;

	if (m0->mc_flags & (C_SUB|C_WRITEMAP))
		return MDB_SUCCESS;

	/* Estimate how much space this op will take */
	i = m0->mc_db->md_depth;
	/* Named DBs also dirty the main DB */
	if (m0->mc_dbi >= CORE_DBS)
		i += txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_depth;
	/* For puts, roughly factor in the key+data size */
	if (key)
		i += (LEAFSIZE(key, data) + txn->mt_env->me_psize) / txn->mt_env->me_psize;
	i += i;	/* double it for good measure */
	need = i;

	if (txn->mt_dirty_room > i)
		return MDB_SUCCESS;

	if (!txn->mt_spill_pgs) {
		txn->mt_spill_pgs = mdb_midl_alloc(MDB_IDL_UM_MAX);
		if (!txn->mt_spill_pgs)
			return ENOMEM;
	} else {
		/* purge deleted slots */
		MDB_IDL sl = txn->mt_spill_pgs;
		unsigned int num = sl[0];
		j=0;
		for (i=1; i<=num; i++) {
			if (!(sl[i] & 1))
				sl[++j] = sl[i];
		}
		sl[0] = j;
	}

	/* Preserve pages which may soon be dirtied again */
	if ((rc = mdb_pages_xkeep(m0, 0, 1)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
		goto done;

	/* Less aggressive spill - we originally spilled the entire dirty list,
	 * with a few exceptions for cursor pages and DB root pages. But this
	 * turns out to be a lot of wasted effort because in a large txn many
	 * of those pages will need to be used again. So now we spill only 1/8th
	 * of the dirty pages. Testing revealed this to be a good tradeoff,
	 * better than 1/2, 1/4, or 1/10.
	 */
	if (need < MDB_IDL_UM_MAX / 8)
		need = MDB_IDL_UM_MAX / 8;

	/* Save the page IDs of all the pages we're flushing */
	/* flush from the tail forward, this saves a lot of shifting later on. */
	for (i=dl[0].mid; i && need; i--) {
		MDB_ID pn = dl[i].mid << 1;
		dp = dl[i].mptr;
		if (dp->mp_flags & (P_LOOSE|P_KEEP))
			continue;
		/* Can't spill twice, make sure it's not already in a parent's
		 * spill list.
		 */
		if (txn->mt_parent) {
			MDB_txn *tx2;
			for (tx2 = txn->mt_parent; tx2; tx2 = tx2->mt_parent) {
				if (tx2->mt_spill_pgs) {
					j = mdb_midl_search(tx2->mt_spill_pgs, pn);
					if (j <= tx2->mt_spill_pgs[0] && tx2->mt_spill_pgs[j] == pn) {
						dp->mp_flags |= P_KEEP;
						break;
					}
				}
			}
			if (tx2)
				continue;
		}
		if ((rc = mdb_midl_append(&txn->mt_spill_pgs, pn)))
			goto done;
		need--;
	}
	mdb_midl_sort(txn->mt_spill_pgs);

	/* Flush the spilled part of dirty list */
	if ((rc = mdb_page_flush(txn, i)) != MDB_SUCCESS) {
		fprintf(stderr, "mdb_page_spill flushing error %i\n", rc);
		goto done;
	}

	/* Reset any dirty pages we kept that page_flush didn't see */
	rc = mdb_pages_xkeep(m0, P_KEEP, i);

done:
if (rc) {
	fprintf(stderr, "mdb_page_spill error %i\n", rc);
}
	txn->mt_flags |= rc ? MDB_TXN_ERROR : MDB_TXN_SPILLS;
	return rc;
}

/** Find oldest txnid still referenced. Expects txn->mt_txnid > 0. */
static txnid_t
mdb_find_oldest(MDB_txn *txn)
{
	int i;
	/* <lmdb-js> */
	txnid_t mr, oldest = (txn->mt_env->me_flags & MDB_OVERLAPPINGSYNC) ?
		txn->mt_env->me_synced_txn_id :
		(txn->mt_txnid - 1);
	/* </lmdb-js> */
	if (txn->mt_env->me_txns) {
		MDB_reader *r = txn->mt_env->me_txns->mti_readers;
		for (i = txn->mt_env->me_txns->mti_numreaders; --i >= 0; ) {
			if (r[i].mr_pid) {
				mr = r[i].mr_txnid;
				if (oldest > mr)
					oldest = mr;
			}
		}
	}
	return oldest;
}

/** Add a page to the txn's dirty list, if there is one */
static void
mdb_page_dirty(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_page *mp)
{
	MDB_ID2 mid;
	int rc;

	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_WRITEMAP) {
		txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_DIRTY;
		return;
	}
	mid.mid = mp->mp_pgno;
	mid.mptr = mp;
	rc = mdb_mid2l_insert(txn->mt_u.dirty_list, &mid);
	mdb_tassert(txn, rc == 0);
	txn->mt_dirty_room--;
}

const static int MAX_SCAN_SEGMENT = 50;

/** Allocate page numbers and memory for writing.	Maintain me_freelist_start,
 * me_pghead and mt_next_pgno.	Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
 *
 * If there are free pages available from older transactions, they
 * are re-used first. Otherwise allocate a new page at mt_next_pgno.
 * Do not modify the freedB, just merge freeDB records into me_pghead[]
 * and move me_freelist_start to say which records were consumed.	Only this
 * function can create me_pghead and move me_freelist_start/mt_next_pgno.
 * When #MDB_DEVEL & 2, it is not affected by #mdb_freelist_save(): it
 * then uses the transaction's original snapshot of the freeDB.
 * @param[in] mc cursor A cursor handle identifying the transaction and
 *	database for which we are allocating.
 * @param[in] num the number of pages to allocate.
 * @param[out] mp Address of the allocated page(s). Requests for multiple pages
 *	will always be satisfied by a single contiguous chunk of memory.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_page_alloc(MDB_cursor *mc, int num, MDB_page **mp)
{
#ifdef MDB_PARANOID	/* Seems like we can ignore this now */
	/* Get at most <Max_retries> more freeDB records once me_pghead
	 * has enough pages.	If not enough, use new pages from the map.
	 * If <Paranoid> and mc is updating the freeDB, only get new
	 * records if me_pghead is empty. Then the freelist cannot play
	 * catch-up with itself by growing while trying to save it.
	 */
	enum { Paranoid = 1, Max_retries = 500 };
#else
	enum { Paranoid = 0, Max_retries = INT_MAX /*infinite*/ };
#endif
	int rc, retry = num * 60;
	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
	pgno_t pgno, *mop = env->me_pghead;
	unsigned i, j, mop_len = mop ? mop[0] : 0, n2 = num-1;
	MDB_page *np;
	txnid_t oldest = 0, last = 0;
	MDB_cursor_op op;
	MDB_cursor m2;
	int found_old = 0;

#if OVERFLOW_NOTYET
	MDB_dovpage *dph = NULL;

	if (ov) {
		if (!txn->mt_dirty_ovs) {
			txn->mt_dirty_ovs = mdb_mid2l_alloc(16);
			if (!txn->mt_dirty_ovs)
				return ENOMEM;
		} else if (mdb_mid2l_need(&txn->mt_dirty_ovs, txn->mt_dirty_ovs[0].mid + 1))
			return ENOMEM;
		dph = malloc(sizeof(MDB_dovpage));
	}
#endif

	/* If there are any loose pages, just use them */
	if (num == 1 && txn->mt_loose_pgs) {
		np = txn->mt_loose_pgs;
		txn->mt_loose_pgs = NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(np);
		txn->mt_loose_count--;
		DPRINTF(("db %d use loose page %"Yu, DDBI(mc), np->mp_pgno));
#if OVERFLOW_NOTYET
		if (ov) {
			dph->mp_hdr = np->mp_hdr;
			dph->mp_ptr = np;
			np = (MDB_page *)dph;
		}
#endif
		*mp = np;
		np->mp_flags &= P_ADM_FLAGS;
		return MDB_SUCCESS;
	}

	*mp = NULL;

	/* If our dirty list is already full, we can't do anything */
	if (txn->mt_dirty_room == 0) {
		rc = MDB_TXN_FULL;
		goto fail;
	}
	unsigned empty_entries = 0;
	unsigned best_fit_start; // this is a block we will use if we don't find an exact fit
	pgno_t best_fit_size;
/*	if (c++ % 100000 == 0) {
		mdb_midl_print(stderr, mop);
	}*/
	for (op = MDB_SET_RANGE;;) {
		MDB_val key, data;
		MDB_node *leaf;
		pgno_t *idl;
restart_search:
		best_fit_start = 0;
		best_fit_size = -1;
		pgno_t block_start;
		/* Seek a big enough contiguous page range. Prefer blocks that fit the remaining space to reduce defragmentation
		 */
		block_start = 0;
		unsigned block_size = 0;
		ssize_t entry;
		empty_entries = 0;
		int start = env->me_freelist_position != 0 ? env->me_freelist_position : 1;
		if (start < 0) start = -start;
		if (start > mop_len) {
			start = 1;
		}
		if (mop_len && (ssize_t) mop[start - 1] < 0) start++; // don't start in the middle of a length block
		unsigned end = start + mop_len;
		unsigned check_point = start + MAX_SCAN_SEGMENT;
		if (check_point > mop_len) check_point = mop_len;
		unsigned wrapped = 0;
		// TODO: Don't scan if the list is too small
		//fprintf(stderr, "loop from %u to %u over %u\n", start, end, mop_len);
		for (i = start; 1; i++) {
			//fprintf(stderr, "l %u ", i);
			if (i > check_point) {
				unsigned counting_i = i + (wrapped ? mop_len : 0);
				if (best_fit_start > 0 && best_fit_size - num < (counting_i - start) >> 6) {
					goto continue_best_fit;
				}
				if (counting_i - start >= mop_len) {
					break; // searched everything in current list
				}
				if (i > mop_len) {
					// loop back and continue
					i = 1;
					wrapped = 1;
					check_point = start - 1;
					if (check_point > MAX_SCAN_SEGMENT) check_point = MAX_SCAN_SEGMENT;
				} else {
					check_point = i + MAX_SCAN_SEGMENT;
					if (wrapped) {
						if (check_point > start - 1) check_point = start - 1;
					} else if (check_point > mop_len) check_point = mop_len;
				}
			}

			entry = mop[i];
			//fprintf(stderr, "pgno %u next would be %u\n", entry, block_start + block_size);
			if (entry == 0) {
				empty_entries++;
				continue;
			}
			if (entry > 0) {
				pgno = entry;
				block_size = 1;
			} else {
				block_size = -entry;
				pgno = mop[++i];
			}

			if (block_size >= num) {
				if (block_size == num) {
					// we found a block of the right size
					env->me_freelist_position = i + 1;
					mop[i] = 0;
					if (env->me_freelist_written_end < i) env->me_freelist_written_end = i;
					if (entry < 1)
						mop[--i] = 0;
					if (env->me_freelist_written_start > i || !env->me_freelist_written_start)
						env->me_freelist_written_start = i;
					if (pgno == 0) {
						fprintf(stderr, "found freespace entry pointing to root block of size %u at %u\n", block_size, i);
						mdb_midl_print(stderr, mop);
					} else
						goto search_done;
				} else if (block_size < best_fit_size || best_fit_size == 0) {
					best_fit_start = i - 1;
					best_fit_size = block_size;
					if (i == 1 - env->me_freelist_position) {
						// if we just wrote to this block and we are continuing on this block,
						// skip ahead to using this block
						goto continue_best_fit;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		// see if there is too many empty entries; after a respread it should be between one third and one quarter full of empty entries
		if (empty_entries > ((i + (wrapped ? mop_len : 0) - start) / 3) + 10) {
			unsigned old_length = env->me_pghead[0];
			mdb_midl_respread(&env->me_pghead);
			mop = env->me_pghead;
			mop_len = mop[0];
			// consider the whole free-list to be updated now
			env->me_freelist_written_end = 0x7fffffff;
			env->me_freelist_written_start = 1;
			//fprintf(stderr, "resized from %u to %u\n", old_length, mop_len);
			goto restart_search;
		}
		env->me_freelist_position = i;
		i = 0;

		if (mop_len > env->me_maxfreepgs_to_load) {
			//fprintf(stderr, "Too many entries %u, looking for %u, best fit %u, not loading anymore\n", mop_len, num, best_fit_size);
			//mdb_midl_print(stderr, mop);
			goto continue_best_fit;
		}
		load_more:
		if (op == MDB_SET_RANGE) {	/* 1st iteration */
			/* Prepare to fetch more and coalesce */
			oldest = env->me_pgoldest;
			mdb_cursor_init(&m2, txn, FREE_DBI, NULL);
#if (MDB_DEVEL) & 2	/* "& 2" so MDB_DEVEL=1 won't hide bugs breaking freeDB */
			/* Use original snapshot. TODO: Should need less care in code
			 * which modifies the database. Maybe we can delete some code?
			 */
			m2.mc_flags |= C_ORIG_RDONLY;
			m2.mc_db = &env->me_metas[(txn->mt_txnid-1) & 1]->mm_dbs[FREE_DBI];
			m2.mc_dbflag = (unsigned char *)""; /* probably unnecessary */
#endif
//			fprintf(stderr,"loading more freespace, oldest %u: ", oldest);
			if (!oldest) {
				// if we need to load more, and we haven't already loaded the latest transactions, we need to load them now
				// and we load from the end of the freelist, to right before the last referenced transaction, trying load
				// new transactions before going to older transactions
				// TODO: There might be some heuristic we may want to apply if there is a very large number of read transactions to avoid
				// scanning the whole reader list of every transaction (that needs to load more data)
				oldest = mdb_find_oldest(txn);
				env->me_pgoldest = oldest;
			}
			if (env->me_freelist_end && env->me_freelist_end < oldest) {
				last = env->me_freelist_end;
				key.mv_data = &last; // start at the end of the freelist and read newer transactions free pages
				key.mv_size = sizeof(last);
				rc = mdb_cursor_get(&m2, &key, NULL, op);
				op = MDB_NEXT; // now iterate forwards through the txns of free list
				last = *(txnid_t *) key.mv_data;
			} else {
				// no more transactions to read going forward through newest, we are now going
				// to switch to reading older transactions. However, first we set the op
				// to forward to ensure that we fall into the switch into previous iterations below
				op = MDB_NEXT;
				rc = MDB_NOTFOUND; // fall into switch to previous iterations below
				if (!env->me_freelist_start) {
					env->me_freelist_end = oldest;
					env->me_freelist_start = oldest;
				}
			}
		} else {
			// we are now iterating through the free list entries
			// now iterate
			rc = mdb_cursor_get(&m2, &key, NULL, op);
			if (rc && rc != MDB_NOTFOUND)
				goto fail;
			else {
				mdb_cassert(&m2, key.mv_size > 0);
				last = *(txnid_t *) key.mv_data;
			}
		}
		if (op == MDB_NEXT) {
			// iterating forward from the freelist range to find newer transactions
			if (last >= oldest || rc == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
				env->me_freelist_end = oldest;
				// no more newer transactions, go to the beginning of the range and look for older txns
				op = MDB_SET_RANGE;
				if (env->me_freelist_start <= 1) break; // should be no zero entry, break out
				last = env->me_freelist_start - 1;
				key.mv_data = &last; // start at the start of the freelist and read older transactions free pages
				key.mv_size = sizeof(last);
				mdb_cursor_init(&m2, txn, FREE_DBI, NULL);
				rc = mdb_cursor_get(&m2, &key, NULL, op);
				op = MDB_PREV;
				if (rc) {
					if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
						rc = mdb_cursor_last(&m2, &key, NULL);
						if (rc) {
							if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND) break;
							else goto fail;
						}
					} else goto fail;
				}
				mdb_cassert(&m2, key.mv_size > 0);
				last = *(txnid_t*)key.mv_data;
				if (!last) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Invalid null txn id\n");
					rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
					goto fail;
				}
			} else
				env->me_freelist_end = last + 1;
		} else {
			if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
				// reached the very start, mark it as 1
				env->me_freelist_start = 1;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (op == MDB_PREV) {
			// move to previous entry until we are before the last start time.
			// note that occasionally this might take multiple iterations if we are in the middle of a
			// rebalance and a node being moved
			while (last >= env->me_freelist_start) {
				// go to previous entry, through prev iteration
				rc = mdb_cursor_get(&m2, &key, NULL, MDB_PREV);
				if (rc) {
					if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
						// reached the very start, mark it as 1
						env->me_freelist_start = 1;
						break;
					}
					goto fail;
				} else {
			if (key.mv_size == 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid zero size key\n");
			rc = MDB_BAD_VALSIZE;
			goto fail;
			}
		}
				last = *(txnid_t *) key.mv_data;
			}
			if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND) break;
			env->me_freelist_start = last;
		}
		if (!last) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid null txn id\n");
			rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
			goto fail;
		}

		np = m2.mc_pg[m2.mc_top];
		leaf = NODEPTR(np, m2.mc_ki[m2.mc_top]);
		if ((rc = mdb_node_read(&m2, leaf, &data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
			goto fail;

		idl = (MDB_ID *) data.mv_data;
		i = idl[0];
		if (!mop) {
			if (!(env->me_pghead = mop = mdb_midl_alloc(i))) {
				rc = ENOMEM;
				goto fail;
			}
		} else {
			if ((rc = mdb_midl_need(&env->me_pghead, i)) != 0)
				goto fail;
			mop = env->me_pghead;
		}
		// consider the whole free-list to be updated now
		env->me_freelist_written_end = 0x7fffffff;
		env->me_freelist_written_start = 1;
#if (MDB_DEBUG) > 1
		DPRINTF(("IDL read txn %"Yu" root %"Yu" num %u",
			last, txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_root, i));
		for (j = i; j; j--)
			DPRINTF(("IDL %"Yu, idl[j]));
#endif
		/* Merge in descending sorted order */
		//fprintf(stderr, "Merging %u: ", last);
		//mdb_midl_print(stderr, idl);
		if ((rc = mdb_midl_xmerge(&mop, idl)) != 0) {
			if (rc == -1) rc = 0; // ignore duplicate value errors and just ignore the duplicates
			else goto fail;
		}
		if (mop != env->me_pghead) env->me_pghead = mop;
		mop_len = mop[0];
	}
	continue_best_fit:
	if (best_fit_start > 0) {
		mop[best_fit_start] += num; // block length is a negative, so we add to it in order to subtract the amount we are using
		if (mop[best_fit_start] == -1) mop[best_fit_start] = 0;
		if (env->me_freelist_written_start > best_fit_start || !env->me_freelist_written_start) env->me_freelist_written_start = best_fit_start;
		// we use a negative value as an indicator that this position is in the middle of a block, and we can continue it
		// for sequential writing (faster)
		env->me_freelist_position = -best_fit_start;
		pgno = mop[++best_fit_start];
		if (pgno == 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "found best-fit freespace entry pointing to root block of size %u at %u\n", best_fit_size, best_fit_start);
			mdb_midl_print(stderr, mop);
		} else {
			mop[best_fit_start] += num; // update position
			if (env->me_freelist_written_end < best_fit_start) env->me_freelist_written_end = best_fit_start;
			//fprintf(stderr, "\nusing best fit size %u of %u\n", num, best_fit_size);
			//env->me_block_size_cache[best_fit_size] = 0; // clear this out of the cache (TODO: could move it)

			i = 1; // indicate that we found something
			goto search_done;
		}
	}
	/* Use new pages from the map when nothing suitable in the freeDB */
	i = 0;
	pgno = txn->mt_next_pgno;
	if (pgno + num >= env->me_maxpg) {
	/* <lmdb-js addition> */
		size_t new_size = ((size_t) (2 * (pgno + num) * env->me_psize / 0x40000 + 1)) * 0x40000;
//		fprintf(stderr, "resizing from %u to %u", env->me_mapsize, new_size);
		rc = mdb_env_set_mapsize(env, new_size);
	/* </lmdb-js addition> */
	}
#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(MDB_VL32)
	if (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
		void *p;
		p = (MDB_page *)(env->me_map + env->me_psize * pgno);
		p = VirtualAlloc(p, env->me_psize * num, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
		if (!p) {
			DPUTS("VirtualAlloc failed");
			rc = ErrCode();
			goto fail;
		}
	}
#endif

search_done:
	if (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
		np = (MDB_page *)(env->me_map + env->me_psize * pgno);
	} else {
		if (!(np = mdb_page_malloc(txn, num, 1))) {
			rc = ENOMEM;
			goto fail;
		}
	}
	if (i) {
		// found
		//fprintf(stderr,"f %u %u %u	", num, env->me_freelist_position < 0 ? -env->me_freelist_position : env->me_freelist_position, pgno);
	} else {
		//fprintf(stderr,"a %u %u %u	", num, env->me_freelist_position < 0 ? -env->me_freelist_position : env->me_freelist_position, pgno);
		txn->mt_next_pgno = pgno + num;
	}
#if OVERFLOW_NOTYET
	if (ov) {
		dph->mp_hdr = np->mp_hdr;
		dph->mp_ptr = np;
		np = (MDB_page *)dph;
	}
#endif
	np->mp_pgno = pgno;
	SET_PGTXNID(txn, np);
	np->mp_flags = 0;
#if OVERFLOW_NOTYET
	mdb_page_dirty(txn, np, ov);
#else
	mdb_page_dirty(txn, np);
#endif
	*mp = np;

	return MDB_SUCCESS;

fail:
#if OVERFLOW_NOTYET
	if (dph)
		free(dph);
#endif
fprintf(stderr, "mdb_page_alloc error\n");
	txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
	return rc;
}

/** Copy the used portions of a non-overflow page.
 * @param[in] dst page to copy into
 * @param[in] src page to copy from
 * @param[in] psize size of a page
 */
static void
mdb_page_copy(MDB_page *dst, MDB_page *src, unsigned int psize)
{
	enum { Align = sizeof(pgno_t) };
	indx_t upper = src->mp_upper, lower = src->mp_lower, unused = upper-lower;

	/* If page isn't full, just copy the used portion. Adjust
	 * alignment so memcpy may copy words instead of bytes.
	 */
	if ((unused &= -Align) && !IS_LEAF2(src)) {
		upper = (upper + PAGEBASE) & -Align;
		memcpy(dst, src, (lower + PAGEBASE + (Align-1)) & -Align);
		memcpy((pgno_t *)((char *)dst+upper), (pgno_t *)((char *)src+upper),
			psize - upper);
	} else {
		memcpy(dst, src, psize - unused);
	}
}

/** Bring back a page which this txn spilled to disk; make it writable again.
 * @param[in] txn the transaction handle.
 * @param[in] mp the spilled page.
 * @param[out] ret the writable page.
 */
static int
mdb_page_unspill(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_page *mp, MDB_page **ret)
{
	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
	unsigned x;
	pgno_t pgno = mp->mp_pgno, pn = pgno << 1;

	if (txn->mt_dirty_room == 0)
		return MDB_TXN_FULL;

	/* x = position in current spill list, or 0 */
	x = 0;
	if (txn->mt_spill_pgs) {
		x = mdb_midl_search(txn->mt_spill_pgs, pn);
		if (! (x <= txn->mt_spill_pgs[0] && txn->mt_spill_pgs[x] == pn))
			x = 0;
	}
	if (x == 0 && !txn->mt_parent) {
		/* should be a spilled page */
		fprintf(stderr, "Page %u was unspilled, but was not found in spilled page list (%p)\n", mp->mp_pgno, txn->mt_spill_pgs);
		/*last_error = "mdb_page_unspill no parent";
		return MDB_PROBLEM;		*/
	}

	{
			MDB_page *np;
			int num;
			if (IS_OVERFLOW(mp))
				num = mp->mp_pages;
			else
				num = 1;
			{
				np = mdb_page_malloc(txn, num, 1);
				if (!np)
					return ENOMEM;
				if (num > 1)
					memcpy(np, mp, num * env->me_psize);
				else
					mdb_page_copy(np, mp, env->me_psize);
			}
			if (x) {
				/* If in current txn, this page is no longer spilled.
				 * If it happens to be the last page, truncate the spill list.
				 * Otherwise mark it as deleted by setting the LSB.
				 */
				if (x == txn->mt_spill_pgs[0])
					txn->mt_spill_pgs[0]--;
				else
					txn->mt_spill_pgs[x] |= 1;
			}	/* otherwise, if belonging to a parent txn, the
				 * page remains spilled until child commits
				 */

			mdb_page_dirty(txn, np);
			SET_PGTXNID(txn, np);
			*ret = np;
			return MDB_SUCCESS;
	}
}

/** Touch a page: make it dirty and re-insert into tree with updated pgno.
 * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
 * @param[in] mc cursor pointing to the page to be touched
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_page_touch(MDB_cursor *mc)
{
	MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], *np;
	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
	MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
	unsigned np_flags;
	pgno_t	pgno;
	int rc;

	if (IS_SUBP(mp) || IS_WRITABLE(txn, mp))
		return MDB_SUCCESS;

	if (!IS_MUTABLE(txn, mp)) {
		/* Page from an older snapshot */
		if ((rc = mdb_midl_need(&txn->mt_free_pgs, 1)) ||
			(rc = mdb_page_alloc(mc, 1, &np)))
			goto fail;
		pgno = np->mp_pgno;
		DPRINTF(("touched db %d page %"Yu" -> %"Yu, DDBI(mc),
			mp->mp_pgno, pgno));
		mdb_cassert(mc, mp->mp_pgno != pgno);
		mdb_midl_xappend(txn->mt_free_pgs, mp->mp_pgno);
		/* Update the parent page, if any, to point to the new page */
		if (mc->mc_top) {
			MDB_page *parent = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top-1];
			MDB_node *node = NODEPTR(parent, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top-1]);
			SETPGNO(node, pgno);
		} else {
			mc->mc_db->md_root = pgno;
		}
	} else if (!IS_DIRTY_NW(txn, mp)) {
		rc = mdb_page_unspill(txn, mp, &np);
		if (rc)
			goto fail;
		goto done;
	} else {
		/* Writable in an ancestor txn */
		MDB_ID2 mid, *dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
		pgno = mp->mp_pgno;
		if (!txn->mt_parent) {
			last_error = "mdb_page_touch no parent";
			rc = MDB_PROBLEM;
			goto fail;
		}
		mdb_cassert(mc, dl[0].mid < MDB_IDL_UM_MAX);
		np = mdb_page_malloc(txn, 1, 1);
		if (!np) {
			rc = ENOMEM;
			goto fail;
		}
		mid.mid = pgno;
		mid.mptr = np;
		rc = mdb_mid2l_insert(dl, &mid);
		mdb_cassert(mc, rc == 0);
	}

	np_flags = np->mp_flags;	/* P_ADM_FLAGS */
	mdb_page_copy(np, mp, txn->mt_env->me_psize);
	np->mp_flags |= np_flags;
	np->mp_pgno = pgno;
	SET_PGTXNID(txn, np);

done:
	/* Adjust cursors pointing to mp */
	mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = np;
	m2 = txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi];
	if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB) {
		for (; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
			m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
			if (m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum) continue;
			if (m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp)
				m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = np;
		}
	} else {
		for (; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
			if (m2->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum) continue;
			if (m2 == mc) continue;
			if (m2->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp) {
				m2->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = np;
				if (IS_LEAF(np))
					XCURSOR_REFRESH(m2, mc->mc_top, np);
			}
		}
	}
	MDB_PAGE_UNREF(mc->mc_txn, mp);
	return 0;

fail:
fprintf(stderr, "mdb_page_touch error\n");
	txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
	return rc;
}

#ifdef _WIN32
uint64_t get_time64() {
	return GetTickCount64();
}
#else
uint64_t get_time64() {
	struct timespec time;
	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &time);
	return time.tv_sec * 1000000000ll + time.tv_nsec;
}
#endif

int
mdb_env_sync0(MDB_env *env, int force, pgno_t numpgs)
{
	int rc = 0;
	if (env->me_flags & MDB_RDONLY)
		return EACCES;

	if (force || !(env->me_flags & MDB_NOSYNC)
#ifdef _WIN32	/* Sync is normally achieved in Windows by doing WRITE_THROUGH writes */
	 && (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP)
#endif
		) {
		if (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
			int flags = ((env->me_flags & MDB_MAPASYNC) && !force)
				? MS_ASYNC : MS_SYNC;
			if (MDB_MSYNC(env->me_map, env->me_psize * numpgs, flags))
				rc = ErrCode();
#ifdef _WIN32
			else if (flags == MS_SYNC && MDB_FDATASYNC(env->me_fd))
				rc = ErrCode();
#endif
		} else {
#ifdef BROKEN_FDATASYNC
			if (env->me_flags & MDB_FSYNCONLY) {
				if (fsync(env->me_fd))
					rc = ErrCode();
			} else
#endif
			if (MDB_FDATASYNC(env->me_fd))
				rc = ErrCode();
		}
	}
	return rc;
}

int
mdb_env_sync(MDB_env *env, int force)
{
	MDB_meta *m = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
	// <lmdb-js>
	if (env->me_flags & MDB_OVERLAPPINGSYNC) {
		MDB_txninfo *ti = env->me_txns;
		size_t last_txn_id = ti->mti_txnid;
		//fprintf(stderr,"syncing txn %u, ", last_txn_id);
		int rc;
		if (LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, env->me_sync_mutex))
			return rc;
		if (env->me_synced_txn_id >= last_txn_id) {
			UNLOCK_MUTEX(env->me_sync_mutex);
			return 0;
		}
		uint64_t start = 0;
		if (env->me_flags & MDB_TRACK_METRICS) {
			start = get_time64();
		}
		MDB_txn sync_txn;
		MDB_db dbs[2];
		do {
			m = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
			sync_txn.mt_env = env;
			sync_txn.mt_flags = 2;
			sync_txn.mt_dbs = dbs;
			sync_txn.mt_dbs[FREE_DBI] = m->mm_dbs[FREE_DBI];
			sync_txn.mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI] = m->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI];
			sync_txn.mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_flags &= ~MDB_OVERLAPPINGSYNC; // clear this to indicate it is flushed txn
			sync_txn.mt_txnid = last_txn_id = m->mm_txnid;
			sync_txn.mt_next_pgno = m->mm_last_pg + 1;
		} while(ti->mti_txnid != last_txn_id); // avoid race condition in copying data by verifying that this is updated
		rc = mdb_env_sync0(env, force, sync_txn.mt_next_pgno);

		if (rc) {
			if (env->me_flags & MDB_TRACK_METRICS) {
				env->me_metrics.time_sync += get_time64() - start;
			}
			UNLOCK_MUTEX(env->me_sync_mutex);
			return rc;
		}
		rc = mdb_env_write_meta(&sync_txn);
		if (rc == 0)
			env->me_synced_txn_id = last_txn_id;
		//fprintf(stderr,"finished syncing txn %u, ", last_txn_id);
		if (env->me_flags & MDB_TRACK_METRICS) {
			env->me_metrics.time_sync += get_time64() - start;
		}
		UNLOCK_MUTEX(env->me_sync_mutex);
		return rc;
	} else {
		uint64_t start = 0;
		if (env->me_flags & MDB_TRACK_METRICS) {
			start = get_time64();
		}
		int rc = mdb_env_sync0(env, force, m->mm_last_pg+1);
		if (env->me_flags & MDB_TRACK_METRICS) {
			env->me_metrics.time_sync += get_time64() - start;
		}
		return rc;
	}
	// </lmdb-js>
}

/** Back up parent txn's cursors, then grab the originals for tracking */
static int
mdb_cursor_shadow(MDB_txn *src, MDB_txn *dst)
{
	MDB_cursor *mc, *bk;
	MDB_xcursor *mx;
	size_t size;
	int i;

	for (i = src->mt_numdbs; --i >= 0; ) {
		if ((mc = src->mt_cursors[i]) != NULL) {
			size = sizeof(MDB_cursor);
			if (mc->mc_xcursor)
				size += sizeof(MDB_xcursor);
			for (; mc; mc = bk->mc_next) {
				bk = malloc(size);
				if (!bk)
					return ENOMEM;
				*bk = *mc;
				mc->mc_backup = bk;
				mc->mc_db = &dst->mt_dbs[i];
				/* Kill pointers into src to reduce abuse: The
				 * user may not use mc until dst ends. But we need a valid
				 * txn pointer here for cursor fixups to keep working.
				 */
				mc->mc_txn		= dst;
				mc->mc_dbflag = &dst->mt_dbflags[i];
				if ((mx = mc->mc_xcursor) != NULL) {
					*(MDB_xcursor *)(bk+1) = *mx;
					mx->mx_cursor.mc_txn = dst;
				}
				mc->mc_next = dst->mt_cursors[i];
				dst->mt_cursors[i] = mc;
			}
		}
	}
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

/** Close this write txn's cursors, give parent txn's cursors back to parent.
 * @param[in] txn the transaction handle.
 * @param[in] merge true to keep changes to parent cursors, false to revert.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static void
mdb_cursors_close(MDB_txn *txn, unsigned merge)
{
	MDB_cursor **cursors = txn->mt_cursors, *mc, *next, *bk;
	MDB_xcursor *mx;
	int i;

	for (i = txn->mt_numdbs; --i >= 0; ) {
		for (mc = cursors[i]; mc; mc = next) {
			next = mc->mc_next;
			if ((bk = mc->mc_backup) != NULL) {
				if (merge) {
					/* Commit changes to parent txn */
					mc->mc_next = bk->mc_next;
					mc->mc_backup = bk->mc_backup;
					mc->mc_txn = bk->mc_txn;
					mc->mc_db = bk->mc_db;
					mc->mc_dbflag = bk->mc_dbflag;
					if ((mx = mc->mc_xcursor) != NULL)
						mx->mx_cursor.mc_txn = bk->mc_txn;
				} else {
					/* Abort nested txn */
					*mc = *bk;
					if ((mx = mc->mc_xcursor) != NULL)
						*mx = *(MDB_xcursor *)(bk+1);
				}
				mc = bk;
			}
			/* Only malloced cursors are permanently tracked. */
			free(mc);
		}
		cursors[i] = NULL;
	}
}

#if !(MDB_PIDLOCK)		/* Currently the same as defined(_WIN32) */
enum Pidlock_op {
	Pidset, Pidcheck
};
#else
enum Pidlock_op {
	Pidset = F_SETLK, Pidcheck = F_GETLK
};
#endif

/** Set or check a pid lock. Set returns 0 on success.
 * Check returns 0 if the process is certainly dead, nonzero if it may
 * be alive (the lock exists or an error happened so we do not know).
 *
 * On Windows Pidset is a no-op, we merely check for the existence
 * of the process with the given pid. On POSIX we use a single byte
 * lock on the lockfile, set at an offset equal to the pid.
 */
static int
mdb_reader_pid(MDB_env *env, enum Pidlock_op op, MDB_PID_T pid)
{
#if !(MDB_PIDLOCK)		/* Currently the same as defined(_WIN32) */
	int ret = 0;
	HANDLE h;
	if (op == Pidcheck) {
		h = OpenProcess(env->me_pidquery, FALSE, pid);
		/* No documented "no such process" code, but other program use this: */
		if (!h)
			return ErrCode() != ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
		/* A process exists until all handles to it close. Has it exited? */
		ret = WaitForSingleObject(h, 0) != 0;
		CloseHandle(h);
	}
	return ret;
#else
	for (;;) {
		int rc;
		struct flock lock_info;
		memset(&lock_info, 0, sizeof(lock_info));
		lock_info.l_type = F_WRLCK;
		lock_info.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
		lock_info.l_start = pid;
		lock_info.l_len = 1;
		if ((rc = fcntl(env->me_lfd, op, &lock_info)) == 0) {
			if (op == F_GETLK && lock_info.l_type != F_UNLCK)
				rc = -1;
		} else if ((rc = ErrCode()) == EINTR) {
			continue;
		}
		return rc;
	}
#endif
}

/** Common code for #mdb_txn_begin() and #mdb_txn_renew().
 * @param[in] txn the transaction handle to initialize
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_txn_renew0(MDB_txn *txn)
{
	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
	MDB_txninfo *ti = env->me_txns;
	MDB_meta *meta;
	unsigned int i, nr, flags = txn->mt_flags;
	uint16_t x;
	int rc, new_notls = 0;

	if ((flags &= MDB_TXN_RDONLY) != 0) {
		if (!ti) {
			meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
			txn->mt_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
			txn->mt_u.reader = NULL;
		} else {
			MDB_reader *r = (env->me_flags & MDB_NOTLS) ? txn->mt_u.reader :
				pthread_getspecific(env->me_txkey);
			if (r) {
				if (r->mr_pid != env->me_pid || r->mr_txnid != (txnid_t)-1) {
					last_error = malloc(100);
					if (r->mr_pid != env->me_pid)
						sprintf(last_error, "The reader lock pid %u, txn %i, doesn't match env pid %u", r->mr_pid, r->mr_txnid, env->me_pid);
					else
						sprintf(last_error, "The reader lock has a txn id %i", r->mr_txnid);
					return MDB_BAD_RSLOT;
				}
			} else {
				MDB_PID_T pid = env->me_pid;
				MDB_THR_T tid = pthread_self();
				mdb_mutexref_t rmutex = env->me_rmutex;

				if (!env->me_live_reader) {
					rc = mdb_reader_pid(env, Pidset, pid);
					if (rc)
						return rc;
					env->me_live_reader = 1;
				}

				if (LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, rmutex))
					return rc;
				nr = ti->mti_numreaders;
				for (i=0; i<nr; i++)
					if (ti->mti_readers[i].mr_pid == 0)
						break;
				if (i == env->me_maxreaders) {
					UNLOCK_MUTEX(rmutex);
					return MDB_READERS_FULL;
				}
				r = &ti->mti_readers[i];
				/* Claim the reader slot, carefully since other code
				 * uses the reader table un-mutexed: First reset the
				 * slot, next publish it in mti_numreaders.	After
				 * that, it is safe for mdb_env_close() to touch it.
				 * When it will be closed, we can finally claim it.
				 */
				r->mr_pid = 0;
				r->mr_txnid = (txnid_t)-1;
				r->mr_tid = tid;
				if (i == nr)
					ti->mti_numreaders = ++nr;
				env->me_close_readers = nr;
				r->mr_pid = pid;
				UNLOCK_MUTEX(rmutex);

				new_notls = (env->me_flags & MDB_NOTLS);
				if (!new_notls && (rc=pthread_setspecific(env->me_txkey, r))) {
					r->mr_pid = 0;
					return rc;
				}
			}
			do /* LY: Retry on a race, ITS#7970. */
				r->mr_txnid = ti->mti_txnid;
			while(r->mr_txnid != ti->mti_txnid);
			txn->mt_txnid = r->mr_txnid;
			txn->mt_u.reader = r;
			meta = env->me_metas[txn->mt_txnid & 1];
		}

	} else {
		/* Not yet touching txn == env->me_txn0, it may be active */
		uint64_t start_lock_time;
		if (env->me_flags & MDB_TRACK_METRICS) {
			start_lock_time = get_time64();
		}
		if (ti) {
			if (LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, env->me_wmutex))
				return rc;
			if (txn->mt_txnid != ti->mti_txnid) {
				//fprintf(stderr, "freelist reset, expected txn id %u, db txn id %u\n", txn->mt_txnid, ti->mti_txnid);
				if (env->me_pghead) mdb_midl_free(env->me_pghead);
				env->me_pghead = NULL;
				env->me_freelist_start = 0;
				env->me_freelist_end = 0;
				env->me_freelist_position = 0;
				// TODO: Free it first
				//env->me_block_size_cache = NULL;
			}
			env->me_pgoldest = 0; // we use this as an indicator that we need to load the newest transactions on the next transaction
			if (env->me_freelist_position < 0)
				env->me_freelist_position = -env->me_freelist_position;
			txn->mt_txnid = ti->mti_txnid;
			meta = env->me_metas[txn->mt_txnid & 1];
		} else {
			meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
			txn->mt_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
		}
		if (env->me_flags & MDB_TRACK_METRICS) {
			uint64_t now = get_time64();
			env->me_metrics.time_start_txns += now - start_lock_time;
			env->me_metrics.clock_txn = now;
		}
		txn->mt_txnid++;
#if MDB_DEBUG
		if (txn->mt_txnid == mdb_debug_start)
			mdb_debug = 1;
#endif
		txn->mt_child = NULL;
		txn->mt_loose_pgs = NULL;
		txn->mt_loose_count = 0;
		if (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
			txn->mt_workid = txn->mt_txnid;
			txn->mt_dirty_room = 1;
		} else {
			txn->mt_workid = (txn->mt_txnid | MDB_PGTXNID_FLAGMASK) + 1;
			txn->mt_dirty_room = MDB_IDL_UM_MAX;
		}
		txn->mt_last_workid = txn->mt_workid;
		txn->mt_u.dirty_list = env->me_dirty_list;
		txn->mt_u.dirty_list[0].mid = 0;
		txn->mt_free_pgs = env->me_free_pgs;
		txn->mt_free_pgs[0] = 0;
		txn->mt_spill_pgs = NULL;
#if OVERFLOW_NOTYET
		txn->mt_dirty_ovs = NULL;
#endif
		env->me_txn = txn;
		memcpy(txn->mt_dbiseqs, env->me_dbiseqs, env->me_maxdbs * sizeof(unsigned int));
	}

	/* Copy the DB info and flags */
	memcpy(txn->mt_dbs, meta->mm_dbs, CORE_DBS * sizeof(MDB_db));

	/* Moved to here to avoid a data race in read TXNs */
	txn->mt_next_pgno = meta->mm_last_pg+1;
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	if (MDB_REMAPPING(env->me_flags))
		txn->mt_last_pgno = txn->mt_next_pgno - 1;
#endif

	txn->mt_flags = flags;

	/* Setup db info */
	txn->mt_numdbs = env->me_numdbs;
	for (i=CORE_DBS; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
		x = env->me_dbflags[i];
		txn->mt_dbs[i].md_flags = x & PERSISTENT_FLAGS;
		txn->mt_dbflags[i] = (x & MDB_VALID) ? DB_VALID|DB_USRVALID|DB_STALE : 0;
	}
	txn->mt_dbflags[MAIN_DBI] = DB_VALID|DB_USRVALID;
	txn->mt_dbflags[FREE_DBI] = DB_VALID;

	if (env->me_flags & MDB_FATAL_ERROR) {
		DPUTS("environment had fatal error, must shutdown!");
		rc = MDB_PANIC;
	} else {
		/* <lmdb-js change> */
		if (env->me_maxpg < txn->mt_next_pgno) {
			// need to resize map
			size_t new_size = ((size_t) (2 * (txn->mt_next_pgno) * env->me_psize / 0x40000 + 1)) * 0x40000;
			mdb_env_set_mapsize(env, new_size);
		}
		/* </lmdb-js change> */
		return MDB_SUCCESS;
	}
	mdb_txn_end(txn, new_notls /*0 or MDB_END_SLOT*/ | MDB_END_FAIL_BEGIN);
	return rc;
}

int
mdb_txn_renew(MDB_txn *txn)
{
	int rc;

	if (!txn || !F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_FINISHED)) {
		if (!txn)
			last_error = "No transaction to renew";
		else if (F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY)) {
			// Txn is already renewed, consider this as invalid for compatibility with v1
			return EINVAL;
		} else {
			last_error = malloc(100);
			sprintf(last_error, "Transaction flag was invalid for renew: %u", txn->mt_flags);
		}
		return MDB_BAD_TXN; // if the transaction is not read-only, communicate this with a separate error code
	}

	rc = mdb_txn_renew0(txn);
	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
		DPRINTF(("renew txn %"Yu"%c %p on mdbenv %p, root page %"Yu,
			txn->mt_txnid, (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? 'r' : 'w',
			(void *)txn, (void *)txn->mt_env, txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root));
	} else {
		last_error = mdb_strerror(rc);
	}
	return rc;
}

/** Used up all workids.	Rewind it and update dirty pages to match. */
static txnid_t ESECT
mdb_workid_rewind(MDB_txn *txn)
{
	txnid_t workid, diff;

	while (txn->mt_parent)
		txn = txn->mt_parent;
	workid = txn->mt_txnid & ~MDB_PGTXNID_FLAGMASK;
	do {
		workid += MDB_PGTXNID_STEP;
		diff = txn->mt_last_workid - workid;
		if (diff) {
			MDB_ID2L dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
			int i;
			for (i = dl[0].mid; i; i--) {
				if (MDB_PGTXNID_FLAGBITS)
					((MDB_page *)dl[i].mptr)->mp_txnid -= diff;
				else
					((MDB_page *)dl[i].mptr)->mp_txnid = workid;
			}
			txn->mt_workid = txn->mt_last_workid = workid;
		}
	} while ((txn = txn->mt_child) != NULL);
	return workid;
}

int ESECT
mdb_txn_set_callback(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_txn_visible *func, void* ctx)
{
	if (!txn)
		return EINVAL;
	txn->mt_callback = func;
	txn->mt_ctx = ctx;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int
mdb_txn_begin(MDB_env *env, MDB_txn *parent, unsigned int flags, MDB_txn **ret)
{
	MDB_txn *txn;
	MDB_ntxn *ntxn;
	int rc, size, tsize;

	flags &= MDB_TXN_BEGIN_FLAGS;
	flags |= env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP;

	if (env->me_flags & MDB_RDONLY & ~flags) /* write txn in RDONLY env */
		return EACCES;

	if (parent) {
		/* Nested transactions: Max 1 child, write txns only, no writemap */
		flags |= parent->mt_flags;
		if (flags & (MDB_RDONLY|MDB_WRITEMAP|MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)) {
			return (parent->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? EINVAL : MDB_BAD_TXN;
		}
		/* Child txns save MDB_pgstate and use own copy of cursors */
		size = env->me_maxdbs * (sizeof(MDB_db)+sizeof(MDB_cursor *)+1);
		size += tsize = sizeof(MDB_ntxn);
	} else if (flags & MDB_RDONLY) {
		size = env->me_maxdbs * (sizeof(MDB_db)+1);
		size += tsize = sizeof(MDB_txn);
	} else {
		/* Reuse preallocated write txn. However, do not touch it until
		 * mdb_txn_renew0() succeeds, since it currently may be active.
		 */
		txn = env->me_txn0;
		goto renew;
	}
	if ((txn = calloc(1, size)) == NULL) {
		DPRINTF(("calloc: %s", strerror(errno)));
		return ENOMEM;
	}
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	if (MDB_REMAPPING(env->me_flags) && !parent) {
		txn->mt_rpages = malloc(MDB_TRPAGE_SIZE * sizeof(MDB_ID3));
		if (!txn->mt_rpages) {
			free(txn);
			return ENOMEM;
		}
		txn->mt_rpages[0].mid = 0;
		txn->mt_rpcheck = MDB_TRPAGE_SIZE/2;
	}
#endif
	txn->mt_dbxs = env->me_dbxs;	/* static */
	txn->mt_dbs = (MDB_db *) ((char *)txn + tsize);
	txn->mt_dbflags = (unsigned char *)txn + size - env->me_maxdbs;
	txn->mt_flags = flags;
	txn->mt_env = env;

	if (parent) {
		unsigned int i;
		txnid_t workid = parent->mt_last_workid + MDB_PGTXNID_STEP;
		if (!workid) /* wraparound after lots of previous children */
			workid = mdb_workid_rewind(parent) + MDB_PGTXNID_STEP;
		txn->mt_workid = txn->mt_last_workid = workid;
		txn->mt_cursors = (MDB_cursor **)(txn->mt_dbs + env->me_maxdbs);
		txn->mt_dbiseqs = parent->mt_dbiseqs;
		txn->mt_u.dirty_list = malloc(sizeof(MDB_ID2)*MDB_IDL_UM_SIZE);
		if (!txn->mt_u.dirty_list ||
			!(txn->mt_free_pgs = mdb_midl_alloc(MDB_IDL_UM_MAX)))
		{
			free(txn->mt_u.dirty_list);
			free(txn);
			return ENOMEM;
		}
		txn->mt_txnid = parent->mt_txnid;
		txn->mt_dirty_room = parent->mt_dirty_room;
		txn->mt_u.dirty_list[0].mid = 0;
		txn->mt_spill_pgs = NULL;
#if OVERFLOW_NOTYET
		txn->mt_dirty_ovs = NULL;
#endif
		txn->mt_next_pgno = parent->mt_next_pgno;
		parent->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_HAS_CHILD;
		parent->mt_child = txn;
		txn->mt_parent = parent;
		txn->mt_numdbs = parent->mt_numdbs;
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
		if (MDB_REMAPPING(env->me_flags))
			txn->mt_rpages = parent->mt_rpages;
#endif
		memcpy(txn->mt_dbs, parent->mt_dbs, txn->mt_numdbs * sizeof(MDB_db));
		/* Copy parent's mt_dbflags, but clear DB_NEW */
		for (i=0; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++)
			txn->mt_dbflags[i] = parent->mt_dbflags[i] & ~DB_NEW;
		rc = 0;
		ntxn = (MDB_ntxn *)txn;
		ntxn->mnt_pgstate = env->me_pgstate; /* save parent me_pghead & co */
		if (env->me_pghead) {
			size = MDB_IDL_SIZEOF(env->me_pghead);
			env->me_pghead = mdb_midl_alloc(env->me_pghead[0]);
			if (env->me_pghead)
				memcpy(env->me_pghead, ntxn->mnt_pgstate.mf_pghead, size);
			else
				rc = ENOMEM;
		}
		if (!rc)
			rc = mdb_cursor_shadow(parent, txn);
		if (rc)
			mdb_txn_end(txn, MDB_END_FAIL_BEGINCHILD);
	} else { /* MDB_RDONLY */
		txn->mt_dbiseqs = env->me_dbiseqs;
renew:
		rc = mdb_txn_renew0(txn);
	}
	txn->mt_callback = NULL;
	if (rc) {
		if (txn != env->me_txn0) {
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
			if (MDB_REMAPPING(env->me_flags))
				free(txn->mt_rpages);
#endif
			free(txn);
		}
	} else {
		txn->mt_flags |= flags;	/* could not change txn=me_txn0 earlier */
		*ret = txn;
		DPRINTF(("begin txn %"Yu"%c %p on mdbenv %p, root page %"Yu,
			txn->mt_txnid, (flags & MDB_RDONLY) ? 'r' : 'w',
			(void *) txn, (void *) env, txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root));
	}

	return rc;
}

MDB_env *
mdb_txn_env(MDB_txn *txn)
{
	if(!txn) return NULL;
	return txn->mt_env;
}

mdb_size_t
mdb_txn_id(MDB_txn *txn)
{
		if(!txn) return 0;
		return txn->mt_txnid;
}

/** Export or close DBI handles opened in this txn. */
static void
mdb_dbis_update(MDB_txn *txn, int keep)
{
	int i;
	MDB_dbi n = txn->mt_numdbs;
	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
	unsigned char *tdbflags = txn->mt_dbflags;

	for (i = n; --i >= CORE_DBS;) {
		if (tdbflags[i] & DB_NEW) {
			if (keep) {
				env->me_dbflags[i] = txn->mt_dbs[i].md_flags | MDB_VALID;
			} else {
				char *ptr = env->me_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_data;
				if (ptr) {
					env->me_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_data = NULL;
					env->me_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_size = 0;
					env->me_dbflags[i] = 0;
					env->me_dbiseqs[i]++;
					free(ptr);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	if (keep && env->me_numdbs < n)
		env->me_numdbs = n;
}

/** End a transaction, except successful commit of a nested transaction.
 * May be called twice for readonly txns: First reset it, then abort.
 * @param[in] txn the transaction handle to end
 * @param[in] mode why and how to end the transaction
 */
static void
mdb_txn_end(MDB_txn *txn, unsigned mode)
{
	MDB_env	*env = txn->mt_env;
#if MDB_DEBUG
	static const char *const names[] = MDB_END_NAMES;
#endif

	/* Export or close DBI handles opened in this txn */
	mdb_dbis_update(txn, mode & MDB_END_UPDATE);

	DPRINTF(("%s txn %"Yu"%c %p on mdbenv %p, root page %"Yu,
		names[mode & MDB_END_OPMASK],
		txn->mt_txnid, (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? 'r' : 'w',
		(void *) txn, (void *)env, txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root));

	if (F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY)) {
		if (txn->mt_u.reader) {
			txn->mt_u.reader->mr_txnid = (txnid_t)-1;
			if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_NOTLS)) {
				txn->mt_u.reader = NULL; /* txn does not own reader */
			} else if (mode & MDB_END_SLOT) {
				txn->mt_u.reader->mr_pid = 0;
				txn->mt_u.reader = NULL;
			} /* else txn owns the slot until it does MDB_END_SLOT */
		}
		txn->mt_numdbs = 0;		/* prevent further DBI activity */
		txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_FINISHED;

	} else if (!F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_FINISHED)) {
		pgno_t *pghead = env->me_pghead;

		if (!(mode & MDB_END_UPDATE)) /* !(already closed cursors) */
			mdb_cursors_close(txn, 0);
		if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP)) {
			mdb_dlist_free(txn);
		}

		txn->mt_numdbs = 0;
		txn->mt_flags = MDB_TXN_FINISHED;

		mdb_midl_free(txn->mt_spill_pgs);
#if OVERFLOW_NOTYET
		mdb_mid2l_free(txn->mt_dirty_ovs);
#endif
		if (!txn->mt_parent) {
			mdb_midl_shrink(&txn->mt_free_pgs);
			env->me_free_pgs = txn->mt_free_pgs;
			/* me_pgstate: */
			if (env->me_pghead && (env->me_pghead[0] > env->me_maxfreepgs_to_retain || env->me_freelist_end + 300 < txn->mt_txnid || (mode & MDB_END_ABORT))) {
				//fprintf(stderr, "Free list too large %u or out of date (%u / %u) or aborted, dumping from memory\n", env->me_pghead[0], env->me_freelist_end, txn->mt_txnid);
				// if it is too large, reset it
				mdb_midl_free(env->me_pghead);
				env->me_pghead = NULL;
				env->me_freelist_start = 0;
				env->me_freelist_end = 0;
			}

			env->me_txn = NULL;
			mode = 0;	/* txn == env->me_txn0, do not free() it */

			/* The writer mutex was locked in mdb_txn_begin. */
			if (env->me_txns)
				UNLOCK_MUTEX(env->me_wmutex);
		} else {
			txn->mt_parent->mt_child = NULL;
			txn->mt_parent->mt_flags &= ~MDB_TXN_HAS_CHILD;
			env->me_pgstate = ((MDB_ntxn *)txn)->mnt_pgstate;
			mdb_midl_free(txn->mt_free_pgs);
			free(txn->mt_u.dirty_list);
		}
	}
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	if (MDB_REMAPPING(env->me_flags) && !txn->mt_parent) {
		MDB_ID3L el = env->me_rpages, tl = txn->mt_rpages;
		unsigned i, x, n = tl[0].mid;
		pthread_mutex_lock(&env->me_rpmutex);
		for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
			if (tl[i].mid & (MDB_RPAGE_CHUNK-1)) {
				/* tmp overflow pages that we didn't share in env */
				munmap(tl[i].mptr, tl[i].mcnt * env->me_psize);
				if (tl[i].menc) {
					mdb_rpage_dispose(env, &tl[i]);
					tl[i].menc = NULL;
				}
			} else {
				x = mdb_mid3l_search(el, tl[i].mid);
				if (tl[i].mptr == el[x].mptr) {
					el[x].mref--;
					if (!el[x].mref)
						el[x].muse = 0;
				} else {
					/* another tmp overflow page */
					munmap(tl[i].mptr, tl[i].mcnt * env->me_psize);
					if (tl[i].menc) {
						mdb_rpage_dispose(env, &tl[i]);
						tl[i].menc = NULL;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&env->me_rpmutex);
		tl[0].mid = 0;
		if (mode & MDB_END_FREE)
			free(tl);
	}
#endif
	if (mode & MDB_END_FREE)
		free(txn);
}

void
mdb_txn_reset(MDB_txn *txn)
{
	if (txn == NULL)
		return;

	/* This call is only valid for read-only txns */
	if (!(txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY))
		return;

	mdb_txn_end(txn, MDB_END_RESET);
}

void
mdb_txn_abort(MDB_txn *txn)
{
	if (txn == NULL)
		return;

	if (txn->mt_child)
		mdb_txn_abort(txn->mt_child);
	mdb_txn_end(txn, MDB_END_ABORT|MDB_END_SLOT|MDB_END_FREE);
}

/** Save the freelist as of this transaction to the freeDB.
 * This changes the freelist. Keep trying until it stabilizes.
 *
 * When (MDB_DEVEL) & 2, the changes do not affect #mdb_page_alloc(),
 * it then uses the transaction's original snapshot of the freeDB.
 */
static int
mdb_freelist_save(MDB_txn *txn)
{
	/* env->me_pghead[] can grow and shrink during this call.
	 * env->me_freelist_start and txn->mt_free_pgs[] can only grow.
	 * Page numbers cannot disappear from txn->mt_free_pgs[].
	 */
	char fl_writes[100000];
	MDB_cursor mc;
	MDB_env	*env = txn->mt_env;
	int rc, maxfree_1pg = env->me_maxfree_1pg, more = 1, lost_loose = 0;
	txnid_t	pglast = 0;
	txnid_t head_id = 0;
	pgno_t	freecnt = 0, *free_pgs, *mop;
	ssize_t	head_room = 0, total_room = 0, mop_len, clean_limit;
	unsigned entry_size;

	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, FREE_DBI, NULL);

	if (!env->me_pghead && txn->mt_loose_pgs) {
		/* Put loose page numbers in mt_free_pgs, since
		 * we may be unable to return them to me_pghead.
		 */
		MDB_page *mp = txn->mt_loose_pgs;
		MDB_ID2 *dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
		unsigned x;
		if ((rc = mdb_midl_need(&txn->mt_free_pgs, txn->mt_loose_count)) != 0)
			return rc;
		for (; mp; mp = NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(mp)) {
			mdb_midl_xappend(txn->mt_free_pgs, mp->mp_pgno);
			/* must also remove from dirty list */
			if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_WRITEMAP) {
				for (x=1; x<=dl[0].mid; x++)
					if (dl[x].mid == mp->mp_pgno)
						break;
				mdb_tassert(txn, x <= dl[0].mid);
			} else {
				x = mdb_mid2l_search(dl, mp->mp_pgno);
				mdb_tassert(txn, dl[x].mid == mp->mp_pgno);
				mdb_dpage_free(env, mp);
			}
			dl[x].mptr = NULL;
		}
		{
			/* squash freed slots out of the dirty list */
			unsigned y;
			for (y=1; dl[y].mptr && y <= dl[0].mid; y++);
			if (y <= dl[0].mid) {
				for(x=y, y++;;) {
					while (!dl[y].mptr && y <= dl[0].mid) y++;
					if (y > dl[0].mid) break;
					dl[x++] = dl[y++];
				}
				dl[0].mid = x-1;
			} else {
				/* all slots freed */
				dl[0].mid = 0;
			}
		}
		txn->mt_loose_pgs = NULL;
		txn->mt_loose_count = 0;
	}
	ssize_t reserved_space;
	ssize_t start_written;
	int freelist_written_start;
	int freelist_written_end;
	ssize_t end_written;
	/* MDB_RESERVE cancels meminit in ovpage malloc (when no WRITEMAP) */
	clean_limit = (env->me_flags & (MDB_NOMEMINIT|MDB_WRITEMAP))
		? SSIZE_MAX : maxfree_1pg;
//fprintf(stderr, "fl position: %u start: %u, end: %u, txn_id: %u\n", env->me_freelist_position, env->me_freelist_start, env->me_freelist_end, txn->mt_txnid);
	mop = env->me_pghead;
	mop_len = (mdb_midl_is_empty(mop) ? 0 : mop[0]) + txn->mt_loose_count;
	do {
		/* Come back here after each Put() in case freelist changed */
		/*if (start_written >= 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Rerunning freelist save, start was %u is %u, length was %u is %u\n",start_written, env->me_freelist_start, reserved_space, mop_len);
		}*/
		MDB_val key, data;
		pgno_t *pgs;
		ssize_t j;

		/* Save the IDL of pages freed by this txn, to a single record
		 * We do this first because sometimes this will end up exhausting the freelist
		 * so we don't have to write anything after this*/
		if (freecnt < txn->mt_free_pgs[0]) {
			if (!freecnt) {
				/* Make sure last page of freeDB is touched and on freelist */
				rc = mdb_page_search(&mc, NULL, MDB_PS_LAST|MDB_PS_MODIFY);
				if (rc && rc != MDB_NOTFOUND)
					return rc;
			}
			free_pgs = txn->mt_free_pgs;
			/* Write to last page of freeDB */
			key.mv_size = sizeof(txn->mt_txnid);
			key.mv_data = &txn->mt_txnid;
			do {
				freecnt = free_pgs[0];
				data.mv_size = MDB_IDL_SIZEOF(free_pgs);
				//fprintf(stderr, "write new freed pages, id: %u ", txn->mt_txnid);
				//mdb_midl_print(stderr, free_pgs);
				rc = mdb_cursor_put(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_RESERVE);
				if (rc)
					return rc;
				/* Retry if mt_free_pgs[] grew during the Put() */
				free_pgs = txn->mt_free_pgs;
			} while (freecnt < free_pgs[0]);
			//mdb_midl_sort(free_pgs);
			memcpy(data.mv_data, free_pgs, data.mv_size);
#if (MDB_DEBUG) > 1
			{
				unsigned int i = free_pgs[0];
				DPRINTF(("IDL write txn %"Yu" root %"Yu" num %u",
					txn->mt_txnid, txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_root, i));
				for (; i; i--)
					DPRINTF(("IDL %"Yu, free_pgs[i]));
			}
#endif
//			continue;
		}

		/* Reserve records for me_pghead[]. Split it if multi-page,
		 * to avoid searching freeDB for a page range. Use keys in
		 * range [me_freelist_start me_freelist_end]: Smaller than txnid of oldest reader.
		 */
		head_id = start_written = env->me_freelist_start;
		// TODO: We may want to the smallest id we can here (previous entry + 1)
		reserved_space = mop_len;
		if (!head_id) {
			head_id = 1;
			start_written = 1;
		}
		freelist_written_start = env->me_freelist_written_start;
		freelist_written_end = env->me_freelist_written_end;
		if (mop_len) {
			// determine the size of the blocks we need
			entry_size = ((mop_len / ((env->me_freelist_end - start_written) * maxfree_1pg)) + 1) * maxfree_1pg;
			pglast = (mop_len - 1) / entry_size + head_id;
			//fprintf(stderr, "Reserving in-memory freelist, length: %u, ids: ", mop_len);
			int i = 0;
			while (head_id <= pglast) {
				key.mv_size = sizeof(head_id);
				key.mv_data = &head_id;
				int len = mop_len > entry_size ? entry_size : mop_len;
				unsigned end = mop_len;
				mop_len -= len;
				unsigned start = mop_len > 0 ? mop_len - 1 : 0;
				char do_write = env->me_freelist_written_start <= end && env->me_freelist_written_end >= start;
				fl_writes[i++] = do_write;
				// determine if it is in the range of actively written pages
				if (freelist_written_start <= end && freelist_written_end >= start) {
					// we will reserve one entry for size and potentially one extra entry in case we are splitting an entry
					data.mv_size = (len + (head_id < pglast ? 2 : 1)) * sizeof(pgno_t);
					//fprintf(stderr, "id: %u size: %u", head_id, data.mv_size);
					rc = mdb_cursor_put(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_RESERVE);
					*(pgno_t*)data.mv_data = 0; // set the size of the entry to zero in case it doesn't get overwritten
					head_id++;
					if (rc)
						return rc;
				} else {
					//fprintf(stderr, "Skipping reservation of freelist %u from %u-%u", head_id, mop_len, end);
					head_id++;
				}
			}
		} else pglast = head_id - 1;

		/* If using records from freeDB which we have not yet
		 * deleted, delete them and any we reserved for me_pghead.
		 */
		if (env->me_pghead) {
			//fprintf(stderr, "Free list start %u, end %u, pglast %u\n", env->me_freelist_start, env->me_freelist_end, pglast);
			do {
				key.mv_size = sizeof(head_id);
				key.mv_data = &head_id;
				rc = mdb_cursor_get(&mc, &key, NULL, MDB_SET_RANGE);
				if (rc) break;
				head_id = *(txnid_t *) key.mv_data;
				if (head_id >= env->me_freelist_end) // finished
					break;
				total_room = head_room = 0;
				mdb_tassert(txn, head_id >= env->me_freelist_start);
				//fprintf(stderr, "Deleting free list record %u\n", head_id);
				rc = mdb_cursor_del(&mc, 0);
				if (rc) {
					last_error = "Attempting to delete free-space record";
					return rc;
				}
			} while(1);
		}
		mop = env->me_pghead;
		if (mdb_midl_is_empty(mop) && mop) {
			mop[0] = 0;
		}
		mop_len = (mop ? mop[0] : 0) + txn->mt_loose_count;
		//fprintf(stderr, "mop_len %u = mop[0] %u + txn->mt_loose_count %u, reserved_sape,", mop_len, (mop ? mop[0] : 0), txn->mt_loose_count, reserved_space);
		if (freelist_written_start != env->me_freelist_written_start)
		freelist_written_end = env->me_freelist_written_end;
	} while(reserved_space != mop_len ||
		 (start_written > env->me_freelist_start && env->me_freelist_start > 0) ||
		 freecnt < txn->mt_free_pgs[0] ||
		 freelist_written_start != env->me_freelist_written_start ||
		 freelist_written_end != env->me_freelist_written_end);

	/* Return loose page numbers to me_pghead, though usually none are
	 * left at this point.	The pages themselves remain in dirty_list.
	 */
	if (txn->mt_loose_pgs) {
		MDB_page *mp = txn->mt_loose_pgs;
		if (!env->me_pghead) env->me_pghead = mdb_midl_alloc(1);
		unsigned count = txn->mt_loose_count;
		lost_loose += count;
		for (; mp; mp = NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(mp))
			mdb_midl_append(&env->me_pghead, mp->mp_pgno);
		txn->mt_loose_pgs = NULL;
		txn->mt_loose_count = 0;
		mop = env->me_pghead;
		if (mop_len != mop[0]) {
			fprintf(stderr, "New free-space list does not match added number of loose pages, truncating additional loose pages, original length: %u, loose page count: %u, new total free-space count: %u\n", mop_len, count, mop[0]);
			mop[0] = mop_len;
		}
	}

	/* Fill in the reserved me_pghead records.	Everything is finally
	 * in place, so this will not allocate or free any DB pages.
	 */
	rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
	MDB_val key, data;

	/* Protect DB env from any (buggy) freelist use when saving mop */
	MDB_IDL pghead = env->me_pghead;
	env->me_pghead = NULL;
	txn->mt_dirty_room = 0;

//	fprintf(stderr, "Writing in-memory freelist, length: %u ids: ", mop_len);
	int i = 0;
	for (txnid_t id = start_written; id <= pglast; id++) {
		key.mv_size = sizeof(id);
		key.mv_data = &id;
		rc = mdb_cursor_get(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_SET_KEY);
		if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
			if (freelist_written_start < mop_len) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Freelist record not found %u %u %u %u %u %u %i %i %i %i %i %u %u\n", id, mop_len, start_written,
						pglast, env->me_freelist_start, env->me_freelist_end,
						freelist_written_start, env->me_freelist_written_start, freelist_written_end, env->me_freelist_written_end,
						i, fl_writes[0], fl_writes[1]);
				mdb_tassert(txn, freelist_written_start >= mop_len);
			}
			rc = 0; // this is acceptable as long as there are no entries to write
			break;
		}


		//fprintf(stderr, "freelist put: %u, entry size %u, reserved_space: %u, mop_len %u, ", id, data.mv_size, reserved_space, mop_len);

		int reserved_len = (data.mv_size / sizeof(id)) - 1;
		ssize_t reserved_end = reserved_space;
		ssize_t end = mop_len;
		ssize_t save_end = mop[end];
		if (save_end < 0) {
			// ends with a block length, zero it out, was already handled by previous iteration
			mop[end] = 0;
		}
		ssize_t start = reserved_space - reserved_len;
		int len = end - start;
		if (len < 0) len = 0;

		ssize_t save2 = 0;
		ssize_t save = mop[start];
		if (reserved_len > entry_size) {
			// these are full blocks, so not expecting to reach the end of our iteration and the start of the mop
			reserved_space = start + 1;
		} else {
			if (reserved_space > entry_size) {
				fprintf(stderr, "reserved_space too large %u %u %u %u %u %u", reserved_space, mop_len, entry_size, start_written, id, pglast);
			}
			// mdb_tassert(txn, reserved_space <= entry_size); // I believe this may result in lost free space, but should be recoverable
			reserved_space -= reserved_len;
			if (reserved_space < 0) reserved_space = 0;
			if (reserved_space > 0) {
				// this shouldn't happen, it means that somehow something was written to the freelist that was not accounted for
				fprintf(stderr, "reserved_space larger than allocated entry %u %u %u %u %u %u", reserved_space, mop_len, entry_size, mop[reserved_space - 1], id, pglast);
			}
		}
		if (id < pglast) {
			// we have an extra overlapping byte to handle block length prefix. But don't use it if it is a page number
			// because it could be preceded by a block length prefix, instead zero it out (only use that byte if it we are on the last block)
			save2 = mop[start + 1];
			if (save2 > 0) {
				mop[start + 1] = 0;
			}
		}

		if (reserved_space < mop_len) {
			mop_len = reserved_space;
		}
		char do_write = env->me_freelist_written_start <= reserved_end && env->me_freelist_written_end >= start;
		if (fl_writes[i++] != do_write) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Do write of page does not match");
		}
		// if it is in the written range
		if (do_write) {
			// we are in part of the range of the freelist that was written, so we actually need to save it
			// if end == 0 it means that the length was probably truncated and we need to rewrite the length byte
			if (save_end <= 0 && len > 0) len--; // leave off the last byte if we are ignoring it
			mop[start] = len;
			data.mv_data = &mop[start];
			//mdb_midl_print(stderr, &mop[start]);
			rc = mdb_cursor_put(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_CURRENT);
			mop[start] = save;
		} else {// else we are just skipping this write
			//fprintf(stderr, "Skipping write of freelist %u from %u-%u", id, start, end);
		}
		if (save_end < 0) mop[end] = save_end;
		if (save2 > 0) mop[start + 1] = save2;
		if (rc)
			break;
	}

	// now check to verify the integrity of the free-space entries
	// first check the new free space entry
	if (rc == 0) {
		key.mv_size = sizeof(txn->mt_txnid);
		key.mv_data = &txn->mt_txnid;
		rc = mdb_cursor_get(&mc, &key, NULL, MDB_SET);
		if (rc == 0 && key.mv_size != sizeof(txn->mt_txnid)) {
			fprintf(stderr, "new freelist entry key wrong size %u\n", txn->mt_txnid);
			last_error = malloc(100);
			sprintf(last_error, "new freelist entry key wrong size %u\n", txn->mt_txnid);
			rc = MDB_BAD_TXN;
		}
		if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND) rc = 0;
	}
	// now check the updated freelist entries
	if (rc == 0) {
		MDB_IDL test_idl = mdb_midl_alloc(16);
		key.mv_size = sizeof(start_written);
		key.mv_data = &start_written;
		rc = mdb_cursor_get(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_SET);
		size_t last = 0;
		while (rc == 0) {
			if (key.mv_size != sizeof(start_written)) {
				fprintf(stderr, "updated freelist key wrong size between %u and %u, last %u\n", start_written, env->me_freelist_written_end, last);
				last_error = malloc(100);
				sprintf(last_error, "updated freelist key wrong size between %u and %u, last %u\n", start_written, env->me_freelist_written_end, last);
				rc = MDB_BAD_TXN;
				break;
			}
			if (rc = mdb_midl_xmerge(&test_idl, (MDB_ID *) data.mv_data)) {
				last = *(txnid_t *) key.mv_data;
				fprintf(stderr, "freelist duplicates/overlaps in free list %u %u %u %u %u %u %i %i %i %i %i %u %u\n", last, data.mv_size, start_written,
						pglast, env->me_freelist_start, env->me_freelist_end,
						freelist_written_start, env->me_freelist_written_start, freelist_written_end, env->me_freelist_written_end,
						i, fl_writes[0], fl_writes[1]);
				fprintf(stderr, "conflicting freelist to save:\n");
				mdb_midl_print(stderr, test_idl);
				fprintf(stderr, "from the original freelist to save:\n");
				mdb_midl_print(stderr, pghead);
				fprintf(stderr, "All the entries that we are saving to the freelist:\n");
				// print out all the entries that we are saving to the freelist
				test_idl = mdb_midl_alloc(16);
				key.mv_size = sizeof(start_written);
				key.mv_data = &start_written;
				rc = mdb_cursor_get(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_SET);
				size_t last = 0;
				while (rc == 0) {
					last = *(txnid_t *) key.mv_data;
					fprintf(stderr, "entry %u:\n", last);
					mdb_midl_print(stderr, (MDB_ID *) data.mv_data);
					if (last >= env->me_freelist_end) break;
					rc = mdb_cursor_get(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT);
				}
				last_error = malloc(100);
				sprintf(last_error, "freelist entry %u had bad/duplicate entries, error code %u\n", last, rc);
				rc = MDB_BAD_TXN;
				break;
			}
			last = *(txnid_t *) key.mv_data;
			if (last >= env->me_freelist_end) break;
			rc = mdb_cursor_get(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT);
		}
		mdb_midl_free(test_idl);
		if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND) rc = 0;
	}

	// reset the start and end to indicate no writes have taken place
	env->me_freelist_written_start = 0x7fffffff;
	env->me_freelist_written_end = 0;
	env->me_pghead = pghead;
	/* Restore this so we can check vs. dirty_list after mdb_page_flush() */
	if (! (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_WRITEMAP))
		txn->mt_loose_count += lost_loose;

	return rc;
}

#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
static int mdb_rpage_decrypt(MDB_env *env, MDB_ID3 *id3, int rem, int numpgs);
static int mdb_page_encrypt(MDB_env *env, MDB_page *in, MDB_page *out, size_t size);
static int mdb_page_chk_checksum(MDB_env *env, MDB_page *mp, size_t size);
static void mdb_page_set_checksum(MDB_env *env, MDB_page *mp, size_t size);
#endif

/** Flush (some) dirty pages to the map, after clearing their dirty flag.
 * @param[in] txn the transaction that's being committed
 * @param[in] keep number of initial pages in dirty_list to keep dirty.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_page_flush(MDB_txn *txn, int keep)
{
	MDB_env		*env = txn->mt_env;
	MDB_ID2L	dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
	unsigned	psize = env->me_psize, j;
	int			i, pagecount = dl[0].mid, rc, *dl_nump, nump = 1;
	size_t		size = 0;
	MDB_OFF_T	pos = 0;
	pgno_t		pgno = 0;
	MDB_page	*dp = NULL;
	uint64_t		start = 0;
	int			write_i = 0;
	if (env->me_flags & MDB_TRACK_METRICS) {
		start = get_time64();
	}
#ifdef _WIN32
	OVERLAPPED	*ov, *this_ov;
	MDB_page	*wdp;
	HANDLE fd = (txn->mt_flags & MDB_NOSYNC) ? env->me_fd : env->me_ovfd;
#else
	struct iovec iov[MDB_COMMIT_PAGES];
	HANDLE fd = env->me_fd;
#endif
	ssize_t		wsize = 0, wres;
	MDB_OFF_T	wpos = 0, next_pos = 1; /* impossible pos, so pos != next_pos */
	int			n = 0;

	j = i = keep;

	if (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
		goto done;
	}
	int pages_written = 0;
	/* setup nump list, flag that it's in use */
	dl_nump = env->me_dirty_nump;
	/* <lmdb-js addition> */
	for (n=1; n<=pagecount; n++) {
		dp = dl[n].mptr;
		dl_nump[n] = IS_OVERFLOW(dp) ? dp->mp_pages : 1;
		if (dl_nump[n] < 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid page count %i at index %i for page no %i\n", dl_nump[n], n, dl[n].mid);
			return MDB_BAD_TXN;
		}
		pgno_t p = dl[n].mid + dl_nump[n];
		if (p > pgno)
			pgno = p;
		else {
			fprintf(stderr, "Page writes are out of order\n");
			return MDB_BAD_TXN;
		}
	}
	txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_DIRTYNUM;
	/* <lmdb-js addition> */
	n = 0;
	
#ifdef _WIN32
	if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) && pagecount > 0) {
		DWORD file_high;
		size_t file_size = GetFileSize(fd, &file_high);
		file_size += (size_t) file_high << 32;
		if (pgno * psize >= file_size) {
			file_size = ((size_t) (pgno < 100 ? 2 : pgno < 1000 ? 1.5 : pgno < 10000 ? 1.25 : pgno < 100000 ? 1.125 : 1.0625) * pgno * psize / 0x40000 + 1) * 0x40000;
			LONG high_position = file_size >> 32;
			if (SetFilePointer(fd, file_size & 0xffffffff, &high_position, FILE_BEGIN) == INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER) {
				fprintf(stderr, "SetFilePointer failed: %s\n", strerror(ErrCode()));
			} else {
				rc = SetEndOfFile(fd);
				if (!rc) {
					rc = ErrCode();
					if (rc != 1224) // occassionaly see a ERROR_USER_MAPPED_FILE with no apparent ill-effect
						fprintf(stderr, "SetEndOfFile error, extending to %u %i %s\n", file_size, rc, strerror(rc));
				}
			}
		}
		if (!MDB_REMAPPING(env->me_flags)) {
			MDB_meta *m = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
			void *p;
			p = (MDB_page *)(env->me_map + env->me_psize * m->mm_last_pg);
			if (pgno > m->mm_last_pg) {
				p = VirtualAlloc(p, env->me_psize * (pgno - m->mm_last_pg), MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READONLY);
				if (!p) {
					fprintf(stderr, "VirtualAlloc failed\n");
					DPUTS("VirtualAlloc failed");
					return ErrCode();
				}
			}
		}
	}
	/* </lmdb-js addition> */
	if (pagecount - keep >= env->me_ovs) {
		/* ran out of room in ov array, and re-malloc, copy handles and free previous */
		int ovs = (pagecount - keep) * 1.5; /* provide extra padding to reduce number of re-allocations */
		int new_size = ovs * sizeof(OVERLAPPED);
		ov = malloc(new_size);
		if (ov == NULL)
			return ENOMEM;
		int previous_size = env->me_ovs * sizeof(OVERLAPPED);
		memcpy(ov, env->me_ov, previous_size); /* Copy previous OVERLAPPED data to retain event handles */
		/* And clear rest of memory */
		memset(&ov[env->me_ovs], 0, new_size - previous_size);
		if (env->me_ovs > 0) {
			free(env->me_ov); /* release previous allocation */
		}

		env->me_ov = ov;
		env->me_ovs = ovs;
	}
	ov = env->me_ov;
#endif

	/* Write the pages */
	for (;;) {
		if (++i <= pagecount) {
			dp = dl[i].mptr;
			/* Don't flush this page yet */
			if (dp->mp_flags & (P_LOOSE|P_KEEP)) {
				dp->mp_flags &= ~P_KEEP;
				dl[i].mid = 0;
				continue;
			}
			pgno = dl[i].mid;
			/* Mark the page as clean */
			dp->mp_txnid = txn->mt_txnid;
			pos = pgno * psize;
			size = psize;
			nump = dl_nump[i];
			mdb_tassert(txn, nump > 0);
			pages_written += nump;
			size *= nump;
		}
		/* Write up to MDB_COMMIT_PAGES dirty pages at a time. */
		if (pos!=next_pos || n==MDB_COMMIT_PAGES || wsize+size>MAX_WRITE
#ifdef _WIN32
			/* Windows actually supports scatter/gather I/O, but only on
			 * unbuffered file handles. Since we're relying on the OS page
			 * cache for all our data, that's self-defeating. So we just
			 * write pages one at a time. We use the ov structure to set
			 * the write offset, to at least save the overhead of a Seek
			 * system call.
			 * If writemap is enabled, consecutive page positions infer
			 * contiguous (mapped) memory.
			 * Otherwise force write pages one at a time.
			 */
			|| !(env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP)
#endif
			) {
			if (n) {
retry_write:
				rc = 0;
				/* Write previous page(s) */
#ifdef _WIN32
				this_ov = &ov[write_i];
				/* Clear status, and keep hEvent, we reuse that */
				this_ov->Internal = 0;
				this_ov->Offset = wpos & 0xffffffff;
				this_ov->OffsetHigh = wpos >> 16 >> 16;
				if (!F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_NOSYNC) && !this_ov->hEvent) {
					HANDLE event = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
					if (!event) {
						rc = ErrCode();
						DPRINTF(("CreateEvent: %s", strerror(rc)));
						return rc;
					}
					this_ov->hEvent = event;
				}
				if (!WriteFile(fd, wdp, wsize, NULL, this_ov)) {
					rc = ErrCode();
					if (rc != ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
						DPRINTF(("WriteFile: %d", rc));
						return rc;
					}
					rc = 0;
				}
#else /* _WIN32 */
#ifdef MDB_USE_PWRITEV
				wres = pwritev(fd, iov, n, wpos);
#else
				if (n == 1) {
					wres = pwrite(fd, iov[0].iov_base, wsize, wpos);
				} else {
retry_seek:
					if (lseek(fd, wpos, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
						rc = ErrCode();
						if (rc == EINTR)
							goto retry_seek;
						DPRINTF(("lseek: %s", strerror(rc)));
						wres = wsize;
					} else {
						rc = 0;
						wres = writev(fd, iov, n);
					}
				}
#endif
				if (wres != wsize) {
					if (wres < 0) {
						rc = ErrCode();
						if (rc == EINTR)
							goto retry_write;
						fprintf(stderr, "Write error: %s position %u, size %u", strerror(rc), wpos, wsize);
						last_error = malloc(100);
						sprintf(last_error, "Attempting to write page at position %u, size %u, blocks %u, buffer sizes %i %i %i", wpos, wsize, n, iov[0].iov_len, iov[1].iov_len, iov[2].iov_len);
					} else {
						rc = EIO; /* TODO: Use which error code? */
						DPUTS("short write, filesystem full?");
					}
				}
#endif /* _WIN32 */
				write_i++;
				if (rc)
					return rc;
				n = 0;
			}
			if (i > pagecount)
				break;
			wpos = pos;
			wsize = 0;
		}
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
		if (env->me_sumfunc) {
			mdb_page_set_checksum(env, dp, size);
		}
		if (env->me_encfunc) {
			MDB_page *encp = mdb_page_malloc(txn, nump, 0);
			if (!encp)
				return ENOMEM;
			if (mdb_page_encrypt(env, dp, encp, size)) {
				mdb_dpage_free_n(env, encp, nump);
				return MDB_CRYPTO_FAIL;
			}
			mdb_dpage_free_n(env, dp, nump);
			dp = encp;
			dl[i].mptr = dp;
		}
#endif
#ifdef _WIN32
		wdp = dp;
#else
		iov[n].iov_len = size;
		iov[n].iov_base = (char *)dp;
#endif
		DPRINTF(("committing page %"Yu, pgno));
		next_pos = pos + size;
		wsize += size;
		n++;
	}
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	if (MDB_REMAPPING(env->me_flags) && pgno > txn->mt_last_pgno)
		txn->mt_last_pgno = pgno;
#endif

	/* MIPS has cache coherency issues, this is a no-op everywhere else
	 * Note: for any size >= on-chip cache size, entire on-chip cache is
	 * flushed.
	 */
	CACHEFLUSH(env->me_map, txn->mt_next_pgno * env->me_psize, DCACHE);
	if (env->me_flags & MDB_TRACK_METRICS) {
		env->me_metrics.writes += write_i;
		env->me_metrics.page_flushes++;
		env->me_metrics.pages_written += pages_written;
	}

#ifdef _WIN32
	if (!(txn->mt_flags & MDB_NOSYNC)) {
		/* Now wait for all the asynchronous/overlapped sync/write-through writes to complete.
		* We start with the last one so that all the others should already be complete and
		* we reduce thread suspend/resuming (in practice, typically about 99.5% of writes are
		* done after the last write is done) */
		rc = 0;
		while (--write_i >= 0) {
			if (ov[write_i].hEvent) {
				if (!GetOverlappedResult(fd, &ov[write_i], &wres, TRUE)) {
					rc = ErrCode(); /* Continue on so that all the event signals are reset */
				}
			}
		}
		if (rc) { /* any error on GetOverlappedResult, exit now */
			return rc;
		}
	}
#endif	/* _WIN32 */

		if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP)) {
				/* Don't free pages when using writemap (can only get here in NOSYNC mode in Windows)
				 */
		for (i = keep; ++i <= pagecount; ) {
			dp = dl[i].mptr;
			/* This is a page we skipped above */
			if (!dl[i].mid) {
				dl[++j] = dl[i];
				dl[j].mid = dp->mp_pgno;
				continue;
			}
			mdb_dpage_free_n(env, dp, dl_nump[i]);
		}
	}
	txn->mt_flags ^= MDB_TXN_DIRTYNUM;

done:
	i--;
	txn->mt_dirty_room += i - j;
	dl[0].mid = j;
	if (env->me_flags & MDB_TRACK_METRICS) {
		env->me_metrics.time_page_flushes += get_time64() - start;
	}
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

static int ESECT mdb_env_share_locks(MDB_env *env, int *excl);

int
mdb_txn_commit(MDB_txn *txn)
{
	int		rc;
	unsigned int i, end_mode;
	MDB_env	*env;

	if (txn == NULL)
		return EINVAL;

	/* mdb_txn_end() mode for a commit which writes nothing */
	end_mode = MDB_END_EMPTY_COMMIT|MDB_END_UPDATE|MDB_END_SLOT|MDB_END_FREE;

	if (txn->mt_child) {
		rc = mdb_txn_commit(txn->mt_child);
		if (rc)
			goto fail;
	}

	env = txn->mt_env;

	if (F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY)) {
		goto done;
	}

	if (txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_FINISHED|MDB_TXN_ERROR)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "txn has failed/finished, can't commit");
		if (txn->mt_parent)
			txn->mt_parent->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
		rc = MDB_BAD_TXN;
		goto fail;
	}

	if (txn->mt_parent) {
		MDB_txn *parent = txn->mt_parent;
		MDB_page **lp;
		MDB_ID2L dst, src;
		MDB_IDL pspill;
		unsigned x, y, len, ps_len;

		/* Append our free list to parent's */
		rc = mdb_midl_append_list(&parent->mt_free_pgs, txn->mt_free_pgs);
		if (rc)
			goto fail;
		mdb_midl_free(txn->mt_free_pgs);
		/* Failures after this must either undo the changes
		 * to the parent or set MDB_TXN_ERROR in the parent.
		 */

		parent->mt_next_pgno = txn->mt_next_pgno;
		parent->mt_flags = txn->mt_flags;

		/* Merge our cursors into parent's and close them */
		mdb_cursors_close(txn, 1);

		/* Update parent's DB table. */
		memcpy(parent->mt_dbs, txn->mt_dbs, txn->mt_numdbs * sizeof(MDB_db));
		parent->mt_numdbs = txn->mt_numdbs;
		parent->mt_dbflags[FREE_DBI] = txn->mt_dbflags[FREE_DBI];
		parent->mt_dbflags[MAIN_DBI] = txn->mt_dbflags[MAIN_DBI];
		for (i=CORE_DBS; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
			/* preserve parent's DB_NEW status */
			x = parent->mt_dbflags[i] & DB_NEW;
			parent->mt_dbflags[i] = txn->mt_dbflags[i] | x;
		}

		dst = parent->mt_u.dirty_list;
		src = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
		/* Remove anything in our dirty list from parent's spill list */
		if ((pspill = parent->mt_spill_pgs) && (ps_len = pspill[0])) {
			x = y = ps_len;
			pspill[0] = (pgno_t)-1;
			/* Mark our dirty pages as deleted in parent spill list */
			for (i=0, len=src[0].mid; ++i <= len; ) {
				MDB_ID pn = src[i].mid << 1;
				while (pn > pspill[x])
					x--;
				if (pn == pspill[x]) {
					pspill[x] = 1;
					y = --x;
				}
			}
			/* Squash deleted pagenums if we deleted any */
			for (x=y; ++x <= ps_len; )
				if (!(pspill[x] & 1))
					pspill[++y] = pspill[x];
			pspill[0] = y;
		}

		/* Remove anything in our spill list from parent's dirty list */
		if (txn->mt_spill_pgs && txn->mt_spill_pgs[0]) {
			for (i=1; i<=txn->mt_spill_pgs[0]; i++) {
				MDB_ID pn = txn->mt_spill_pgs[i];
				if (pn & 1)
					continue;	/* deleted spillpg */
				pn >>= 1;
				y = mdb_mid2l_search(dst, pn);
				if (y <= dst[0].mid && dst[y].mid == pn) {
					free(dst[y].mptr);
					while (y < dst[0].mid) {
						dst[y] = dst[y+1];
						y++;
					}
					dst[0].mid--;
				}
			}
		}

		/* Find len = length of merging our dirty list with parent's */
		x = dst[0].mid;
		dst[0].mid = 0;		/* simplify loops */
		if (parent->mt_parent) {
			len = x + src[0].mid;
			y = mdb_mid2l_search(src, dst[x].mid + 1) - 1;
			for (i = x; y && i; y--) {
				pgno_t yp = src[y].mid;
				while (yp < dst[i].mid)
					i--;
				if (yp == dst[i].mid) {
					i--;
					len--;
				}
			}
		} else { /* Simplify the above for single-ancestor case */
			len = MDB_IDL_UM_MAX - txn->mt_dirty_room;
		}
		/* Merge our dirty list with parent's */
		y = src[0].mid;
		for (i = len; y; dst[i--] = src[y--]) {
			pgno_t yp = src[y].mid;
			while (yp < dst[x].mid)
				dst[i--] = dst[x--];
			if (yp == dst[x].mid)
				free(dst[x--].mptr);
		}
		mdb_tassert(txn, i == x);
		dst[0].mid = len;
		free(txn->mt_u.dirty_list);
		parent->mt_dirty_room = txn->mt_dirty_room;
		if (txn->mt_spill_pgs) {
			if (parent->mt_spill_pgs) {
				/* TODO: Prevent failure here, so parent does not fail */
				rc = mdb_midl_append_list(&parent->mt_spill_pgs, txn->mt_spill_pgs);
				if (rc) {
					fprintf(stderr, "failed to append spill list\n");
					parent->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
				}
				mdb_midl_free(txn->mt_spill_pgs);
				mdb_midl_sort(parent->mt_spill_pgs);
			} else {
				parent->mt_spill_pgs = txn->mt_spill_pgs;
			}
		}

		/* Append our loose page list to parent's */
		for (lp = &parent->mt_loose_pgs; *lp; lp = &NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(*lp))
			;
		*lp = txn->mt_loose_pgs;
		parent->mt_loose_count += txn->mt_loose_count;

		parent->mt_last_workid = txn->mt_last_workid;
		parent->mt_child = NULL;
		mdb_midl_free(((MDB_ntxn *)txn)->mnt_pgstate.mf_pghead);
		free(txn);
		return rc;
	}

	if (txn != env->me_txn) {
		DPUTS("attempt to commit unknown transaction");
		rc = EINVAL;
		goto fail;
	}

	mdb_cursors_close(txn, 0);

	if (!txn->mt_u.dirty_list[0].mid &&
		!(txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_DIRTY | MDB_TXN_SPILLS))) {
		txn->mt_txnid--; // we can safely decrement this because should be no changes to freelist
		mdb_txn_end(txn, end_mode);
		return MDB_EMPTY_TXN;
	}

	DPRINTF(("committing txn %"Yu" %p on mdbenv %p, root page %"Yu,
			txn->mt_txnid, (void*)txn, (void*)env, txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root));

	/* Update DB root pointers */
	if (txn->mt_numdbs > CORE_DBS) {
		MDB_cursor mc;
		MDB_dbi i;
		MDB_val data;
		data.mv_size = sizeof(MDB_db);

		mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, MAIN_DBI, NULL);
		for (i = CORE_DBS; i < txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
			if (txn->mt_dbflags[i] & DB_DIRTY) {
				if (TXN_DBI_CHANGED(txn, i)) {
					rc = MDB_BAD_DBI;
					goto fail;
				}
				data.mv_data = &txn->mt_dbs[i];
				rc = mdb_cursor_put(&mc, &txn->mt_dbxs[i].md_name, &data,
					F_SUBDATA);
				if (rc)
					goto fail;
			}
		}
	}

	rc = mdb_freelist_save(txn);
	if (rc)
		goto fail;

	mdb_midl_shrink(&txn->mt_free_pgs);

#if (MDB_DEBUG) > 2
	mdb_audit(txn);
#endif
	int dirty_pages = txn->mt_u.dirty_list[0].mid;
	if ((rc = mdb_page_flush(txn, 0)))
		goto fail;
	if ((unsigned)txn->mt_loose_count < txn->mt_u.dirty_list[0].mid) {
		last_error = malloc(100);
		sprintf(last_error, "The loose count %i is less than the size of the dirty list %u", txn->mt_loose_count, txn->mt_u.dirty_list[0].mid);
		rc = MDB_PROBLEM; /* mt_loose_pgs does not match dirty_list */
		goto fail;
	}
	if (!F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_NOSYNC) &&
		(rc = mdb_env_sync0(env, 0, txn->mt_next_pgno)))
		goto fail;

	//<lmdb-js>
	if ((txn->mt_flags & MDB_NOSYNC) && (env->me_flags & MDB_OVERLAPPINGSYNC))
		txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_flags |= MDB_OVERLAPPINGSYNC;
	else
		txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_flags &= ~MDB_OVERLAPPINGSYNC;
	//<//lmdb-js>

	if ((rc = mdb_env_write_meta(txn)))
		goto fail;

	//<lmdb-js>
	MDB_txn_visible* callback = txn->mt_callback;
	void* ctx = txn->mt_ctx;
	if (callback) {
		callback(ctx, 0);
		txn->mt_callback = NULL;
	}
	if (!F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_NOSYNC))
		env->me_synced_txn_id = txn->mt_txnid;
	//</lmdb-js>
	end_mode = MDB_END_COMMITTED|MDB_END_UPDATE;
	if (env->me_flags & MDB_PREVSNAPSHOT) {
		if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_NOLOCK)) {
			int excl;
			rc = mdb_env_share_locks(env, &excl);
			if (rc)
				goto fail;
		}
		env->me_flags ^= MDB_PREVSNAPSHOT;
	}

done:
	//<lmdb-js>
	if (env->me_flags & MDB_TRACK_METRICS) {
		env->me_metrics.time_during_txns += get_time64() - env->me_metrics.clock_txn;
		env->me_metrics.txns++;
	}
	if ((txn->mt_flags & MDB_NOSYNC) && (env->me_flags & MDB_OVERLAPPINGSYNC)) {
		size_t txn_id = txn->mt_txnid;
		if (dirty_pages * (txn->mt_txnid - env->me_synced_txn_id) > 500) {
			// for bigger txns we wait for the flush before allowing next txn
			LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, env->me_sync_mutex);
			mdb_txn_end(txn, end_mode);
		} else {
			mdb_txn_end(txn, end_mode);
			LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, env->me_sync_mutex);
		}
		if (callback) {
			callback(ctx, 1);
		}
		if (rc)
			return rc;
		if (env->me_synced_txn_id < txn_id) { // check to see if we still need a sync
			uint64_t start = 0;
			if (env->me_flags & MDB_TRACK_METRICS) {
				start = get_time64();
			}
			MDB_meta* m;
			MDB_txninfo *ti = env->me_txns;
			MDB_txn sync_txn;
			MDB_db dbs[2];
			// if other transactions have completed by the time we get here, our sync txn
			// should include that
			do {
				m = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
				sync_txn.mt_env = env;
				sync_txn.mt_flags = 2;
				sync_txn.mt_dbs = dbs;
				sync_txn.mt_dbs[FREE_DBI] = m->mm_dbs[FREE_DBI];
				sync_txn.mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI] = m->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI];
				sync_txn.mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_flags &= ~MDB_OVERLAPPINGSYNC; // clear this to indicate it is flushed txn
				sync_txn.mt_txnid = txn_id = m->mm_txnid;
				sync_txn.mt_next_pgno = m->mm_last_pg + 1;
			} while(ti->mti_txnid != txn_id); // avoid race condition in copying data by verifying that this is updated

			rc = mdb_env_sync0(env, 0, m->mm_last_pg);
			if (rc) {
				UNLOCK_MUTEX(env->me_sync_mutex);
				return rc;
			}
			rc = mdb_env_write_meta(&sync_txn);
			if (rc == 0)
				env->me_synced_txn_id = sync_txn.mt_txnid;
			if (env->me_flags & MDB_TRACK_METRICS) {
				env->me_metrics.time_sync += get_time64() - start;
			}
			UNLOCK_MUTEX(env->me_sync_mutex);
		} else {
			UNLOCK_MUTEX(env->me_sync_mutex);
//			fprintf(stderr, "No sync needed after getting lock, committed %u, but already at %u\n", txn_id, env->me_synced_txn_id);
		}
	} else
		mdb_txn_end(txn, end_mode);
	return MDB_SUCCESS;

fail:
	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
	return rc;
}

MDB_meta* mdb_pick_meta(const MDB_env *env, MDB_meta* a, MDB_meta* b) {
	MDB_meta *latest = a->mm_txnid >= b->mm_txnid ? a : b;
	if (env->me_flags & MDB_PREVSNAPSHOT) {
		if (env->me_flags & MDB_OVERLAPPINGSYNC) {
			if (!b->mm_txnid)
				return a;
			if ((latest->boot_id && latest->boot_id == env->boot_id && !(env->me_flags & MDB_SAFE_RESTORE)) ||
					!(latest->mm_flags & MDB_OVERLAPPINGSYNC))
				return latest;
		}
		return a->mm_txnid > b->mm_txnid ? b : a; // previous snapshot, use oldest
	}
	return latest;
}

static int ESECT mdb_env_map(MDB_env *env, void *addr);

/** Read the environment parameters of a DB environment before
 * mapping it into memory.
 * @param[in] env the environment handle
 * @param[in] prev whether to read the backup meta page
 * @param[out] meta address of where to store the meta information
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int ESECT
mdb_env_read_header(MDB_env *env, int prev, MDB_meta *meta)
{
	MDB_metabuf	pbuf;
	MDB_page	*p;
	MDB_meta	*m;
	int			i, rc, off;
	enum { Size = sizeof(pbuf) };

	if (env->me_flags & MDB_RAWPART) {
#define VM_ALIGN	0x200000
		env->me_mapsize += VM_ALIGN-1;
		env->me_mapsize &= ~(VM_ALIGN-1);
		env->me_psize = env->me_os_psize;
		rc = mdb_env_map(env, NULL);
		if (rc)
			return rc;
		p = (MDB_page *)env->me_map;
		for (i=0; i<NUM_METAS; i++) {
			if (!F_ISSET(p->mp_flags, P_META))
				return ENOENT;
			if (env->me_metas[i]->mm_magic != MDB_MAGIC)
				return MDB_INVALID;
			if ((env->me_metas[i]->mm_version & 0xffff) != MDB_DATA_VERSION)
				return MDB_VERSION_MISMATCH;
			if (i == 0)
				*meta = *env->me_metas[i];
			else
				*meta = *mdb_pick_meta(env, meta, env->me_metas[i]);
			p = (MDB_page *)((char *)p + env->me_psize);
		}
		return 0;
	}

	/* We don't know the page size yet, so use a minimum value.
	 * Read both meta pages so we can use the latest one.
	 */
	int num_metas = env->me_flags & MDB_OVERLAPPINGSYNC ? 3 : NUM_METAS;

	for (i=off=0; i<num_metas; i++,
			off += env->me_flags & MDB_OVERLAPPINGSYNC ? meta->mm_psize >> 1 : meta->mm_psize) {
#ifdef _WIN32
		DWORD len;
		OVERLAPPED ov;
		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
		ov.Offset = off;
		rc = ReadFile(env->me_fd, &pbuf, Size, &len, &ov) ? (int)len : -1;
		if (rc == -1 && ErrCode() == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
			rc = 0;
#else
		rc = pread(env->me_fd, &pbuf, Size, off);
#endif
		if (rc != Size) {
			if (rc == 0 && off == 0)
				return ENOENT;
			rc = rc < 0 ? (int) ErrCode() : MDB_INVALID;
			DPRINTF(("read: %s", mdb_strerror(rc)));
			return rc;
		}

		p = (MDB_page *)&pbuf;
		if (off == 0) {
			if (!F_ISSET(p->mp_flags, P_META)) {
				if (env->me_flags & MDB_RAWPART)
					return ENOENT;
				DPRINTF(("page %"Yu" not a meta page", p->mp_pgno));
				return MDB_INVALID;
			}

			m = METADATA(p);
			if (m->mm_magic != MDB_MAGIC) {
				DPUTS("meta has invalid magic");
				return MDB_INVALID;
			}

			if ((m->mm_version & 0xffff) != MDB_DATA_VERSION) {
				DPRINTF(("database is version %u, expected version %u",
					(m->mm_version & 0xffff), MDB_DATA_VERSION));
				return MDB_VERSION_MISMATCH;
			}
			*meta = *m;
		} else {
			m = METADATA(p);
			*meta = *mdb_pick_meta(env, meta, m);
		}
		// </lmdb-js>
	}
	return 0;
}

/** Fill in most of the zeroed #MDB_meta for an empty database environment */
static void ESECT
mdb_env_init_meta0(MDB_env *env, MDB_meta *meta)
{
	meta->mm_magic = MDB_MAGIC;
	meta->mm_version = MDB_DATA_VERSION;
	meta->mm_mapsize = env->me_mapsize;
	meta->mm_psize = env->me_psize;
	meta->mm_last_pg = NUM_METAS-1;
	meta->mm_flags = env->me_flags & 0xffff & ~MDB_OVERLAPPINGSYNC;
	meta->mm_flags |= MDB_INTEGERKEY; /* this is mm_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_flags */
	meta->mm_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_root = P_INVALID;
	meta->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root = P_INVALID;
}

/** Write the environment parameters of a freshly created DB environment.
 * @param[in] env the environment handle
 * @param[in] meta the #MDB_meta to write
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int ESECT
mdb_env_init_meta(MDB_env *env, MDB_meta *meta)
{
	MDB_page *p, *q;
	int rc;
	unsigned int	 psize;
#ifdef _WIN32
	DWORD len;
	OVERLAPPED ov;
	memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
#define DO_PWRITE(rc, fd, ptr, size, len, pos)	do { \
	ov.Offset = pos;	\
	rc = WriteFile(fd, ptr, size, &len, &ov);	} while(0)
#else
	int len;
#define DO_PWRITE(rc, fd, ptr, size, len, pos)	do { \
	len = pwrite(fd, ptr, size, pos);	\
	if (len == -1 && ErrCode() == EINTR) continue; \
	rc = (len >= 0); break; } while(1)
#endif
	DPUTS("writing new meta page");

	psize = env->me_psize;

	if ((env->me_flags & (MDB_RAWPART|MDB_WRITEMAP)) == (MDB_RAWPART|MDB_WRITEMAP)) {
		p = (MDB_page *)env->me_map;
		p->mp_pgno = 0;
		p->mp_flags = P_META;
		*(MDB_meta *)METADATA(p) = *meta;
		q = (MDB_page *)((char *)p + psize);
		q->mp_pgno = 1;
		q->mp_flags = P_META;
		*(MDB_meta *)METADATA(q) = *meta;
		return 0;
	}

	p = calloc(NUM_METAS, psize);
	if (!p)
		return ENOMEM;
	p->mp_pgno = 0;
	p->mp_flags = P_META;
	*(MDB_meta *)METADATA(p) = *meta;

	q = (MDB_page *)((char *)p + psize);
	q->mp_pgno = 1;
	q->mp_flags = P_META;
	*(MDB_meta *)METADATA(q) = *meta;

#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	if (env->me_sumsize) {
		/* save the checksum size in tail of page 0 */
		char *ptr = (char *)q;
		unsigned short *u = (unsigned short *)(ptr-2);
		*u = env->me_sumsize;
	}
#endif
	DO_PWRITE(rc, env->me_fd, p, psize * NUM_METAS, len, 0);
	if (!rc)
		rc = ErrCode();
	else if ((unsigned) len == psize * NUM_METAS)
		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
	else
		rc = ENOSPC;
	free(p);
	return rc;
}

/** Update the environment info to commit a transaction.
 * @param[in] txn the transaction that's being committed
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_env_write_meta(MDB_txn *txn)
{
	MDB_env *env;
	MDB_meta	meta, metab, *mp;
	unsigned flags;
	mdb_size_t mapsize;
	MDB_OFF_T off;
	int rc, len, toggle;
	char *ptr;
	HANDLE mfd;
#ifdef _WIN32
	OVERLAPPED ov;
#else
	int r2;
#endif

	toggle = txn->mt_txnid & 1;
	DPRINTF(("writing meta page %d for root page %"Yu,
		toggle, txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root));

	env = txn->mt_env;
	flags = txn->mt_flags | env->me_flags;
	mp = env->me_metas[toggle];
	mapsize = env->me_metas[toggle ^ 1]->mm_mapsize;
	/* Persist any increases of mapsize config */
	if (mapsize < env->me_mapsize)
		mapsize = env->me_mapsize;

#ifndef _WIN32 /* We don't want to ever use MSYNC/FlushViewOfFile in Windows */
	if (flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
		mp->mm_mapsize = mapsize;
		mp->mm_dbs[FREE_DBI] = txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI];
		mp->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI] = txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI];
		mp->mm_last_pg = txn->mt_next_pgno - 1;
#if (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 404) && /* TODO: portability */	\
	!(defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__))
		/* LY: issue a memory barrier, if not x86. ITS#7969 */
		__sync_synchronize();
#endif
		mp->mm_txnid = txn->mt_txnid;
		mp->boot_id = env->boot_id;
		if (!(flags & (MDB_NOMETASYNC|MDB_NOSYNC))) {
			unsigned meta_size = env->me_psize;
			rc = (env->me_flags & MDB_MAPASYNC) ? MS_ASYNC : MS_SYNC;
			ptr = (char *)mp - PAGEHDRSZ;
			/* POSIX msync() requires ptr = start of OS page */
			r2 = (ptr - env->me_map) & (env->me_os_psize - 1);
			ptr -= r2;
			meta_size += r2;
			if (MDB_MSYNC(ptr, meta_size, rc)) {
				rc = ErrCode();
				goto fail;
			}
		}
		goto done;
	}
#endif
	metab.mm_txnid = mp->mm_txnid;
	metab.mm_last_pg = mp->mm_last_pg;

	meta.mm_mapsize = mapsize;
	meta.mm_dbs[FREE_DBI] = txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI];
	meta.mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI] = txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI];
	meta.mm_last_pg = txn->mt_next_pgno - 1;
	meta.mm_txnid = txn->mt_txnid;
	meta.mm_version = MDB_DATA_VERSION;
	meta.boot_id = env->boot_id;

	off = offsetof(MDB_meta, mm_mapsize);
	ptr = (char *)&meta + off;
	len = sizeof(MDB_meta) - off;
	if (flags & 2) { // write to the sync meta, half page
		off += PAGEHDRSZ + (env->me_psize >> 1);
	} else
		off += (char *)mp - env->me_map;

	/* Write to the SYNC fd unless MDB_NOSYNC/MDB_NOMETASYNC.
	 * (me_mfd goes to the same file as me_fd, but writing to it
	 * also syncs to disk.	Avoids a separate fdatasync() call.)
	 */
	mfd = (flags & (MDB_NOSYNC|MDB_NOMETASYNC)) ? env->me_fd : env->me_mfd;
#ifdef _WIN32
	{
		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
		ov.Offset = off;
		if (!WriteFile(mfd, ptr, len, (DWORD *)&rc, &ov))
			rc = -1;
	}
#else
retry_write:
	rc = pwrite(mfd, ptr, len, off);
#endif
	if (rc != len) {
		rc = rc < 0 ? ErrCode() : EIO;
#ifndef _WIN32
		if (rc == EINTR)
			goto retry_write;
#endif
		DPUTS("write failed, disk error?");
		/* On a failure, the pagecache still contains the new data.
		 * Write some old data back, to prevent it from being used.
		 * Use the non-SYNC fd; we know it will fail anyway.
		 */
		meta.mm_last_pg = metab.mm_last_pg;
		meta.mm_txnid = metab.mm_txnid;
#ifdef _WIN32
		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
		ov.Offset = off;
		WriteFile(env->me_fd, ptr, len, NULL, &ov);
#else
		r2 = pwrite(env->me_fd, ptr, len, off);
		(void)r2;	/* Silence warnings. We don't care about pwrite's return value */
#endif
fail:
		env->me_flags |= MDB_FATAL_ERROR;
		return rc;
	}
	/* MIPS has cache coherency issues, this is a no-op everywhere else */
	CACHEFLUSH(env->me_map + off, len, DCACHE);
done:
	/* Memory ordering issues are irrelevant; since the entire writer
	 * is wrapped by wmutex, all of these changes will become visible
	 * after the wmutex is unlocked. Since the DB is multi-version,
	 * readers will get consistent data regardless of how fresh or
	 * how stale their view of these values is.
	 */
	if (env->me_txns && !(flags & 2))
		env->me_txns->mti_txnid = txn->mt_txnid;

	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

/** Check both meta pages to see which one is newer.
 * @param[in] env the environment handle
 * @return newest #MDB_meta.
 */
static MDB_meta *
mdb_env_pick_meta(const MDB_env *env)
{
	MDB_meta *const *metas = env->me_metas;
	//<lmdb-js>
	MDB_meta *latest = mdb_pick_meta(env, metas[0], metas[1]);
	if (env->me_flags & MDB_PREVSNAPSHOT && env->me_flags & MDB_OVERLAPPINGSYNC) {
		int offset = env->me_psize >> 1;
		MDB_meta *flushed = ((MDB_meta*) (((char*)metas[0]) + offset));
		latest = mdb_pick_meta(env, latest, flushed);
	}
	//</lmdb-js>
	return latest;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_create(MDB_env **env)
{
	MDB_env *e;

	e = calloc(1, sizeof(MDB_env));
	if (!e)
		return ENOMEM;

	e->me_maxreaders = DEFAULT_READERS;
	e->me_maxdbs = e->me_numdbs = CORE_DBS;
	e->me_maxfreepgs_to_load = 50000;
	e->me_maxfreepgs_to_retain = 75000;
	e->me_fd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
	e->me_lfd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
	e->me_mfd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
#ifdef MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM
	e->me_rmutex = SEM_FAILED;
	e->me_wmutex = SEM_FAILED;
	e->me_sync_mutex = SEM_FAILED;
#elif defined MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM
	e->me_rmutex->semid = -1;
	e->me_wmutex->semid = -1;
	e->me_sync_mutex->semid = -1;
#endif
	e->me_pid = getpid();
	GET_PAGESIZE(e->me_os_psize);
	VGMEMP_CREATE(e,0,0);
	*env = e;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

#ifdef _WIN32
/** @brief Map a result from an NTAPI call to WIN32. */
static DWORD
mdb_nt2win32(NTSTATUS st)
{
	OVERLAPPED o = {0};
	DWORD br;
	o.Internal = st;
	GetOverlappedResult(NULL, &o, &br, FALSE);
	return GetLastError();
}
#endif

static int ESECT
mdb_env_map(MDB_env *env, void *addr)
{
	MDB_page *p;
	unsigned int flags = env->me_flags;
#ifdef _WIN32
	int rc;
	int access = SECTION_MAP_READ;
	HANDLE mh;
	void *map;
	SIZE_T msize;
	ULONG pageprot = PAGE_READONLY, secprot, alloctype;

	if (flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
		access |= SECTION_MAP_WRITE;
		pageprot = PAGE_READWRITE;
	}
	if (flags & MDB_RDONLY) {
		secprot = PAGE_READONLY;
		msize = 0;
		alloctype = 0;
	} else {
		secprot = PAGE_READWRITE;
		msize = env->me_mapsize;
		alloctype = MEM_RESERVE;
	}

	/** Some users are afraid of seeing their disk space getting used
	 * all at once, so the default is now to do incremental file growth.
	 * But that has a large performance impact, so give the option of
	 * allocating the file up front.
	 */
#ifdef MDB_FIXEDSIZE
	LARGE_INTEGER fsize;
	fsize.LowPart = msize & 0xffffffff;
	fsize.HighPart = msize >> 16 >> 16;
	rc = NtCreateSection(&mh, access, NULL, &fsize, secprot, SEC_RESERVE, env->me_fd);
#else
	rc = NtCreateSection(&mh, access, NULL, NULL, secprot, SEC_RESERVE, env->me_fd);
#endif
	if (rc)
		return mdb_nt2win32(rc);
	map = addr;
	if (MDB_REMAPPING(env->me_flags))
		msize = NUM_METAS * env->me_psize;
	rc = NtMapViewOfSection(mh, GetCurrentProcess(), &map, 0, 0, NULL, &msize, ViewUnmap, alloctype, pageprot);
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	if (MDB_REMAPPING(env->me_flags))
		env->me_fmh = mh;
	else
#endif
		NtClose(mh);
	if (rc)
		return mdb_nt2win32(rc);
	env->me_map = map;
#else	/* !_WIN32 */
	int mmap_flags = MAP_SHARED;
	int prot = PROT_READ;
	if (flags & MDB_WRITEMAP)
		prot |= PROT_WRITE;
#ifdef MAP_NOSYNC	/* Used on FreeBSD */
	if (flags & MDB_NOSYNC)
		mmap_flags |= MAP_NOSYNC;
#endif
	if (MDB_REMAPPING(env->me_flags)) {
		(void) flags;
		env->me_map = mmap(addr, NUM_METAS * env->me_psize, prot, mmap_flags,
			env->me_fd, 0);
		if (env->me_map == MAP_FAILED) {
			env->me_map = NULL;
			return ErrCode();
		}
	} else
	{
	if (flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
		if (!(flags & MDB_RAWPART) && ftruncate(env->me_fd, env->me_mapsize) < 0)
			return ErrCode();
	}
	env->me_map = mmap(addr, env->me_mapsize, prot, mmap_flags,
		env->me_fd, 0);
	if (env->me_map == MAP_FAILED) {
		env->me_map = NULL;
		return ErrCode();
	}

	if (flags & MDB_NORDAHEAD) {
		/* Turn off readahead. It's harmful when the DB is larger than RAM. */
#ifdef MADV_RANDOM
		madvise(env->me_map, env->me_mapsize, MADV_RANDOM);
#else
#ifdef POSIX_MADV_RANDOM
		posix_madvise(env->me_map, env->me_mapsize, POSIX_MADV_RANDOM);
#endif /* POSIX_MADV_RANDOM */
#endif /* MADV_RANDOM */
	}
	}
#endif /* _WIN32 */

	/* Can happen because the address argument to mmap() is just a
	 * hint.	mmap() can pick another, e.g. if the range is in use.
	 * The MAP_FIXED flag would prevent that, but then mmap could
	 * instead unmap existing pages to make room for the new map.
	 */
	if (addr && env->me_map != addr)
		return EBUSY;	/* TODO: Make a new MDB_* error code? */

	p = (MDB_page *)env->me_map;
	env->me_metas[0] = METADATA(p);
	env->me_metas[1] = (MDB_meta *)((char *)env->me_metas[0] + env->me_psize);

	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_set_mapsize(MDB_env *env, mdb_size_t size)
{
	/* If env is already open, caller is responsible for making
	 * sure there are no active txns.
	 */
	if (env->me_map) {
		MDB_meta *meta;
		void *old;
		int rc;


	/* <lmdb-js removal> 
		if (env->me_txn) We are intentionally resizing during transactions now
			return EINVAL;
		</lmdb-js removal> */

		meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
		if (!size)
			size = meta->mm_mapsize;
		{
			/* Silently round up to minimum if the size is too small */
			mdb_size_t minsize = (meta->mm_last_pg + 1) * env->me_psize;
			if (size < minsize)
				size = minsize;
		}
		if (!(MDB_REMAPPING(env->me_flags)))
		{
		/* For MDB_REMAP_CHUNKS this bit is a noop since we dynamically remap
		 * chunks of the DB anyway.
		 */
	/* <lmdb-js removal>	We don't unmap right now because we intentionally want to leave old maps around for lingering read transactions and other threads that haven't resized yet */
		MDB_last_map* last_map = malloc(sizeof(MDB_last_map));
		last_map->last_map = env->me_last_map;
		last_map->map = env->me_map;
		last_map->mapsize = env->me_mapsize;
		env->me_last_map = last_map;
		//munmap(env->me_map, env->me_mapsize);
	 	/*</lmdb-js removal> */
		env->me_mapsize = size;
		old = (env->me_flags & MDB_FIXEDMAP) ? env->me_map : NULL;
		rc = mdb_env_map(env, old);
		if (rc)
			return rc;
		}
	}
	env->me_mapsize = size;
	if (env->me_psize)
		env->me_maxpg = env->me_mapsize / env->me_psize;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_set_maxdbs(MDB_env *env, MDB_dbi dbs)
{
	if (env->me_map)
		return EINVAL;
	env->me_maxdbs = dbs + CORE_DBS;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_set_maxreaders(MDB_env *env, unsigned int readers)
{
	if (env->me_map || readers < 1)
		return EINVAL;
	env->me_maxreaders = readers;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_get_maxreaders(MDB_env *env, unsigned int *readers)
{
	if (!env || !readers)
		return EINVAL;
	*readers = env->me_maxreaders;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

static int ESECT
mdb_fsize(HANDLE fd, mdb_size_t *size)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
	LARGE_INTEGER fsize;

	if (!GetFileSizeEx(fd, &fsize))
		return ErrCode();

	*size = fsize.QuadPart;
#else
	struct stat st;

	if (fstat(fd, &st))
		return ErrCode();

	*size = st.st_size;
#endif
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}


#ifdef _WIN32
typedef wchar_t	mdb_nchar_t;
# define MDB_NAME(str)	L##str
# define mdb_name_cpy	wcscpy
#else
/** Character type for file names: char on Unix, wchar_t on Windows */
typedef char	mdb_nchar_t;
# define MDB_NAME(str)	str		/**< #mdb_nchar_t[] string literal */
# define mdb_name_cpy	strcpy	/**< Copy name (#mdb_nchar_t string) */
#endif

/** Filename - string of #mdb_nchar_t[] */
typedef struct MDB_name {
	int mn_len;					/**< Length	*/
	int mn_alloced;				/**< True if #mn_val was malloced */
	mdb_nchar_t	*mn_val;		/**< Contents */
} MDB_name;

/** Filename suffixes [datafile,lockfile][without,with MDB_NOSUBDIR] */
static const mdb_nchar_t *const mdb_suffixes[2][2] = {
	{ MDB_NAME("/data.mdb"), MDB_NAME("")			},
	{ MDB_NAME("/lock.mdb"), MDB_NAME("-lock") }
};

#define MDB_SUFFLEN 9	/**< Max string length in #mdb_suffixes[] */

/** Set up filename + scratch area for filename suffix, for opening files.
 * It should be freed with #mdb_fname_destroy().
 * On Windows, paths are converted from char *UTF-8 to wchar_t *UTF-16.
 *
 * @param[in] path Pathname for #mdb_env_open().
 * @param[in] envflags Whether a subdir and/or lockfile will be used.
 * @param[out] fname Resulting filename, with room for a suffix if necessary.
 */
static int ESECT
mdb_fname_init(const char *path, unsigned envflags, MDB_name *fname)
{
	int no_suffix = F_ISSET(envflags, MDB_NOSUBDIR|MDB_NOLOCK);
	fname->mn_alloced = 0;
#ifdef _WIN32
	return utf8_to_utf16(path, fname, no_suffix ? 0 : MDB_SUFFLEN);
#else
	fname->mn_len = strlen(path);
	if (no_suffix)
		fname->mn_val = (char *) path;
	else if ((fname->mn_val = malloc(fname->mn_len + MDB_SUFFLEN+1)) != NULL) {
		fname->mn_alloced = 1;
		strcpy(fname->mn_val, path);
	}
	else
		return ENOMEM;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
#endif
}

/** Destroy \b fname from #mdb_fname_init() */
#define mdb_fname_destroy(fname) \
	do { if ((fname).mn_alloced) free((fname).mn_val); } while (0)

#ifdef O_CLOEXEC /* POSIX.1-2008: Set FD_CLOEXEC atomically at open() */
# define MDB_CLOEXEC		O_CLOEXEC
#else
# define MDB_CLOEXEC		0
#endif

/** File type, access mode etc. for #mdb_fopen() */
enum mdb_fopen_type {
#ifdef _WIN32
	MDB_O_RDONLY, MDB_O_RDWR, MDB_O_OVERLAPPED, MDB_O_META, MDB_O_COPY, MDB_O_LOCKS
#else
	/* A comment in mdb_fopen() explains some O_* flag choices. */
	MDB_O_RDONLY= O_RDONLY,														/**< for RDONLY me_fd */
	MDB_O_RDWR	= O_RDWR	|O_CREAT,										/**< for me_fd */
	MDB_O_META	= O_WRONLY|MDB_DSYNC		 |MDB_CLOEXEC, /**< for me_mfd */
	MDB_O_COPY	= O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|MDB_CLOEXEC, /**< for #mdb_env_copy() */
	/** Bitmask for open() flags in enum #mdb_fopen_type.	The other bits
	 * distinguish otherwise-equal MDB_O_* constants from each other.
	 */
	MDB_O_MASK	= MDB_O_RDWR|MDB_CLOEXEC | MDB_O_RDONLY|MDB_O_META|MDB_O_COPY,
	MDB_O_LOCKS = MDB_O_RDWR|MDB_CLOEXEC | ((MDB_O_MASK+1) & ~MDB_O_MASK) /**< for me_lfd */
#endif
};

/** Open an LMDB file.
 * @param[in] env	The LMDB environment.
 * @param[in,out] fname	Path from from #mdb_fname_init().	A suffix is
 * appended if necessary to create the filename, without changing mn_len.
 * @param[in] which	Determines file type, access mode, etc.
 * @param[in] mode	The Unix permissions for the file, if we create it.
 * @param[out] res	Resulting file handle.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int ESECT
mdb_fopen(const MDB_env *env, MDB_name *fname,
	enum mdb_fopen_type which, mdb_mode_t mode,
	HANDLE *res)
{
	int rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
	HANDLE fd;
#ifdef _WIN32
	DWORD acc, share, disp, attrs;
#else
	int flags;
#endif

	if (fname->mn_alloced)		/* modifiable copy */
		mdb_name_cpy(fname->mn_val + fname->mn_len,
			mdb_suffixes[which==MDB_O_LOCKS][F_ISSET(env->me_flags, MDB_NOSUBDIR)]);

	/* The directory must already exist.	Usually the file need not.
	 * MDB_O_META requires the file because we already created it using
	 * MDB_O_RDWR.	MDB_O_COPY must not overwrite an existing file.
	 *
	 * With MDB_O_COPY we do not want the OS to cache the writes, since
	 * the source data is already in the OS cache.
	 *
	 * The lockfile needs FD_CLOEXEC (close file descriptor on exec*())
	 * to avoid the flock() issues noted under Caveats in lmdb.h.
	 * Also set it for other filehandles which the user cannot get at
	 * and close himself, which he may need after fork().	I.e. all but
	 * me_fd, which programs do use via mdb_env_get_fd().
	 */

#ifdef _WIN32
	acc = GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE;
	share = FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE;
	disp = OPEN_ALWAYS;
	attrs = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
	switch (which) {
	case MDB_O_OVERLAPPED: 	/* for unbuffered asynchronous writes (write-through mode)*/
		acc = GENERIC_WRITE;
		disp = OPEN_EXISTING;
		attrs = FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED|FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH;
		break;
	case MDB_O_RDONLY:			/* read-only datafile */
		acc = GENERIC_READ;
		disp = OPEN_EXISTING;
		break;
	case MDB_O_META:			/* for writing metapages */
		acc = GENERIC_WRITE;
		disp = OPEN_EXISTING;
		attrs = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL|FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH;
		break;
	case MDB_O_COPY:			/* mdb_env_copy() & co */
		acc = GENERIC_WRITE;
		share = 0;
		disp = CREATE_NEW;
		attrs = FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING|FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH;
		break;
	default: break;	/* silence gcc -Wswitch (not all enum values handled) */
	}
	fd = CreateFileW(fname->mn_val, acc, share, NULL, disp, attrs, NULL);
#else
	fd = open(fname->mn_val, which & MDB_O_MASK, mode);
#endif

	if (fd == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
		rc = ErrCode();
#ifndef _WIN32
	else {
		if (which != MDB_O_RDONLY && which != MDB_O_RDWR) {
			/* Set CLOEXEC if we could not pass it to open() */
			if (!MDB_CLOEXEC && (flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD)) != -1)
				(void) fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags | FD_CLOEXEC);
		}
		if (which == MDB_O_COPY && env->me_psize >= env->me_os_psize) {
			/* This may require buffer alignment.	There is no portable
			 * way to ask how much, so we require OS pagesize alignment.
			 */
# ifdef F_NOCACHE	/* __APPLE__ */
			(void) fcntl(fd, F_NOCACHE, 1);
# elif defined O_DIRECT
			/* open(...O_DIRECT...) would break on filesystems without
			 * O_DIRECT support (ITS#7682). Try to set it here instead.
			 */
			if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL)) != -1)
				(void) fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_DIRECT);
# endif
		}
	}
#endif	/* !_WIN32 */

	*res = fd;
	return rc;
}


#ifdef BROKEN_FDATASYNC
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#include <sys/vfs.h>
#endif

/** Further setup required for opening an LMDB environment
 */
static int ESECT
mdb_env_open2(MDB_env *env, int prev)
{
	unsigned int flags = env->me_flags;
	int i, newenv = 0, rc;
	MDB_meta meta;

#ifdef _WIN32
	/* See if we should use QueryLimited */
	rc = GetVersion();
	if ((rc & 0xff) > 5)
		env->me_pidquery = MDB_PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION;
	else
		env->me_pidquery = PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION;
	/* Grab functions we need from NTDLL */
	if (!NtCreateSection) {
		HMODULE h = GetModuleHandleW(L"NTDLL.DLL");
		if (!h)
			return MDB_PROBLEM;
		NtClose = (NtCloseFunc *)GetProcAddress(h, "NtClose");
		if (!NtClose)
			return MDB_PROBLEM;
		NtMapViewOfSection = (NtMapViewOfSectionFunc *)GetProcAddress(h, "NtMapViewOfSection");
		if (!NtMapViewOfSection)
			return MDB_PROBLEM;
		NtCreateSection = (NtCreateSectionFunc *)GetProcAddress(h, "NtCreateSection");
		if (!NtCreateSection)
			return MDB_PROBLEM;
	}
	env->me_ovs = 0;
#endif /* _WIN32 */

#ifdef BROKEN_FDATASYNC
	/* ext3/ext4 fdatasync is broken on some older Linux kernels.
	 * https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/9/3/83
	 * Kernels after 3.6-rc6 are known good.
	 * https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/9/10/556
	 * See if the DB is on ext3/ext4, then check for new enough kernel
	 * Kernels 2.6.32.60, 2.6.34.15, 3.2.30, and 3.5.4 are also known
	 * to be patched.
	 */
	{
		struct statfs st;
		fstatfs(env->me_fd, &st);
		while (st.f_type == 0xEF53) {
			struct utsname uts;
			int i;
			uname(&uts);
			if (uts.release[0] < '3') {
				if (!strncmp(uts.release, "2.6.32.", 7)) {
					i = atoi(uts.release+7);
					if (i >= 60)
						break;	/* 2.6.32.60 and newer is OK */
				} else if (!strncmp(uts.release, "2.6.34.", 7)) {
					i = atoi(uts.release+7);
					if (i >= 15)
						break;	/* 2.6.34.15 and newer is OK */
				}
			} else if (uts.release[0] == '3') {
				i = atoi(uts.release+2);
				if (i > 5)
					break;	/* 3.6 and newer is OK */
				if (i == 5) {
					i = atoi(uts.release+4);
					if (i >= 4)
						break;	/* 3.5.4 and newer is OK */
				} else if (i == 2) {
					i = atoi(uts.release+4);
					if (i >= 30)
						break;	/* 3.2.30 and newer is OK */
				}
			} else {	/* 4.x and newer is OK */
				break;
			}
			env->me_flags |= MDB_FSYNCONLY;
			break;
		}
	}
#endif

	if ((i = mdb_env_read_header(env, prev, &meta)) != 0) {
		if (i != ENOENT)
			return i;
		DPUTS("new mdbenv");
		newenv = 1;
		env->me_psize = env->me_os_psize;
		if (env->me_psize > MAX_PAGESIZE)
			env->me_psize = MAX_PAGESIZE;
		memset(&meta, 0, sizeof(meta));
		mdb_env_init_meta0(env, &meta);
		meta.mm_mapsize = DEFAULT_MAPSIZE;
	} else {
		env->me_psize = meta.mm_psize;
	}

	/* Was a mapsize configured? */
	if (!env->me_mapsize) {
		env->me_mapsize = meta.mm_mapsize;
	}
	{
		/* Make sure mapsize >= committed data size.	Even when using
		 * mm_mapsize, which could be broken in old files (ITS#7789).
		 */
		mdb_size_t minsize = (meta.mm_last_pg + 1) * meta.mm_psize;
		if (env->me_mapsize < minsize)
			env->me_mapsize = minsize;
	}
	meta.mm_mapsize = env->me_mapsize;

	if (newenv && !(flags & MDB_FIXEDMAP)) {
		/* mdb_env_map() may grow the datafile.	Write the metapages
		 * first, so the file will be valid if initialization fails.
		 * Except with FIXEDMAP, since we do not yet know mm_address.
		 * We could fill in mm_address later, but then a different
		 * program might end up doing that - one with a memory layout
		 * and map address which does not suit the main program.
		 */
		rc = mdb_env_init_meta(env, &meta);
		if (rc)
			return rc;
		newenv = 0;
	}
#ifdef _WIN32
	/* For FIXEDMAP, make sure the file is non-empty before we attempt to map it */
	if (newenv) {
		char dummy = 0;
		DWORD len;
		rc = WriteFile(env->me_fd, &dummy, 1, &len, NULL);
		if (!rc) {
			rc = ErrCode();
			return rc;
		}
	}
#endif

	rc = mdb_env_map(env, (flags & MDB_FIXEDMAP) ? meta.mm_address : NULL);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	if (newenv) {
		if (flags & MDB_FIXEDMAP)
			meta.mm_address = env->me_map;
		i = mdb_env_init_meta(env, &meta);
		if (i != MDB_SUCCESS) {
			return i;
		}
	}
	if ((env->me_flags ^ env->me_metas[0]->mm_flags) & MDB_ENCRYPT)
		return MDB_ENV_ENCRYPTION;

#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	if (!newenv && env->me_sumfunc) {
		/* for checksums, check sum size from tail of page 0 */
		char *ptr = env->me_map + env->me_psize;
		unsigned short *u = (unsigned short *)(ptr - 2);
		if (*u != env->me_sumsize)
			return MDB_BAD_CHECKSUM;
	}
#endif

	env->me_maxfree_1pg = (env->me_psize - PAGEHDRSZ) / sizeof(pgno_t) - 2;
	env->me_nodemax = (((env->me_psize - PAGEHDRSZ) / MDB_MINKEYS) & -2)
		- sizeof(indx_t);
#if !(MDB_MAXKEYSIZE)
	env->me_maxkey = env->me_nodemax - (NODESIZE + sizeof(MDB_db));
#endif
	env->me_maxpg = env->me_mapsize / env->me_psize;

	if (env->me_txns)
		env->me_txns->mti_txnid = meta.mm_txnid;

#if MDB_DEBUG
	{
		MDB_meta *meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
		MDB_db *db = &meta->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI];

		DPRINTF(("opened database version %u, pagesize %u",
			meta->mm_version, env->me_psize));
		DPRINTF(("using meta page %d",	(int) (meta->mm_txnid & 1)));
		DPRINTF(("depth: %u",					 db->md_depth));
		DPRINTF(("entries: %"Yu,				db->md_entries));
		DPRINTF(("branch pages: %"Yu,	 db->md_branch_pages));
		DPRINTF(("leaf pages: %"Yu,		 db->md_leaf_pages));
		DPRINTF(("overflow pages: %"Yu, db->md_overflow_pages));
		DPRINTF(("root: %"Yu,					 db->md_root));
	}
#endif

	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}


/** Release a reader thread's slot in the reader lock table.
 *	This function is called automatically when a thread exits.
 * @param[in] ptr This points to the slot in the reader lock table.
 */
static void
mdb_env_reader_dest(void *ptr)
{
	MDB_reader *reader = ptr;

#ifndef _WIN32
	if (reader->mr_pid == getpid()) /* catch pthread_exit() in child process */
#endif
		/* We omit the mutex, so do this atomically (i.e. skip mr_txnid) */
		reader->mr_pid = 0;
}

#ifdef _WIN32
/** Junk for arranging thread-specific callbacks on Windows. This is
 *	necessarily platform and compiler-specific. Windows supports up
 *	to 1088 keys. Let's assume nobody opens more than 64 environments
 *	in a single process, for now. They can override this if needed.
 */
#ifndef MAX_TLS_KEYS
#define MAX_TLS_KEYS	64
#endif
static pthread_key_t mdb_tls_keys[MAX_TLS_KEYS];
static int mdb_tls_nkeys;

static void NTAPI mdb_tls_callback(PVOID module, DWORD reason, PVOID ptr)
{
	int i;
	switch(reason) {
	case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH: break;
	case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH: break;
	case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
		for (i=0; i<mdb_tls_nkeys; i++) {
			MDB_reader *r = pthread_getspecific(mdb_tls_keys[i]);
			if (r) {
				mdb_env_reader_dest(r);
			}
		}
		break;
	case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH: break;
	}
}
#ifdef __GNUC__
#ifdef _WIN64
const PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp __attribute__((section (".CRT$XLB"))) = mdb_tls_callback;
#else
PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp __attribute__((section (".CRT$XLB"))) = mdb_tls_callback;
#endif
#else
#ifdef _WIN64
/* Force some symbol references.
 *	_tls_used forces the linker to create the TLS directory if not already done
 *	mdb_tls_cbp prevents whole-program-optimizer from dropping the symbol.
 */
#pragma comment(linker, "/INCLUDE:_tls_used")
#pragma comment(linker, "/INCLUDE:mdb_tls_cbp")
#pragma const_seg(".CRT$XLB")
extern const PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp;
const PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp = mdb_tls_callback;
#pragma const_seg()
#else	/* _WIN32 */
#pragma comment(linker, "/INCLUDE:__tls_used")
#pragma comment(linker, "/INCLUDE:_mdb_tls_cbp")
#pragma data_seg(".CRT$XLB")
PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp = mdb_tls_callback;
#pragma data_seg()
#endif	/* WIN 32/64 */
#endif	/* !__GNUC__ */
#endif

/** Downgrade the exclusive lock on the region back to shared */
static int ESECT
mdb_env_share_locks(MDB_env *env, int *excl)
{
	int rc = 0;
	MDB_meta *meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);

	env->me_txns->mti_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;

#ifdef _WIN32
	{
		OVERLAPPED ov;
		/* First acquire a shared lock. The Unlock will
		 * then release the existing exclusive lock.
		 */
		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
		if (!LockFileEx(env->me_lfd, 0, 0, 1, 0, &ov)) {
			rc = ErrCode();
		} else {
			UnlockFile(env->me_lfd, 0, 0, 1, 0);
			*excl = 0;
		}
	}
#else
	{
		struct flock lock_info;
		/* The shared lock replaces the existing lock */
		memset((void *)&lock_info, 0, sizeof(lock_info));
		lock_info.l_type = F_RDLCK;
		lock_info.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
		lock_info.l_start = 0;
		lock_info.l_len = 1;
		while ((rc = fcntl(env->me_lfd, F_SETLK, &lock_info)) &&
				(rc = ErrCode()) == EINTR) ;
		*excl = rc ? -1 : 0;	/* error may mean we lost the lock */
	}
#endif

	return rc;
}

/** Try to get exclusive lock, otherwise shared.
 *	Maintain *excl = -1: no/unknown lock, 0: shared, 1: exclusive.
 */
static int ESECT
mdb_env_excl_lock(MDB_env *env, int *excl)
{
	int rc = 0;
#ifdef _WIN32
	if (LockFile(env->me_lfd, 0, 0, 1, 0)) {
		*excl = 1;
	} else {
		OVERLAPPED ov;
		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
		if (LockFileEx(env->me_lfd, 0, 0, 1, 0, &ov)) {
			*excl = 0;
		} else {
			rc = ErrCode();
		}
	}
#else
	struct flock lock_info;
	memset((void *)&lock_info, 0, sizeof(lock_info));
	lock_info.l_type = F_WRLCK;
	lock_info.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
	lock_info.l_start = 0;
	lock_info.l_len = 1;
	while ((rc = fcntl(env->me_lfd, F_SETLK, &lock_info)) &&
			(rc = ErrCode()) == EINTR) ;
	if (!rc) {
		*excl = 1;
	} else
# ifndef MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX
	if (*excl < 0) /* always true when MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX */
# endif
	{
		lock_info.l_type = F_RDLCK;
		while ((rc = fcntl(env->me_lfd, F_SETLKW, &lock_info)) &&
				(rc = ErrCode()) == EINTR) ;
		if (rc == 0)
			*excl = 0;
	}
#endif
	return rc;
}

#ifdef MDB_USE_HASH
/*
 * hash_64 - 64 bit Fowler/Noll/Vo-0 FNV-1a hash code
 *
 * @(#) $Revision: 5.1 $
 * @(#) $Id: hash_64a.c,v 5.1 2009/06/30 09:01:38 chongo Exp $
 * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/fnv/RCS/hash_64a.c,v $
 *
 *		http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/index.html
 *
 ***
 *
 * Please do not copyright this code.	This code is in the public domain.
 *
 * LANDON CURT NOLL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
 * INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO
 * EVENT SHALL LANDON CURT NOLL BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF
 * USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
 * OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
 * PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 * By:
 *	chongo <Landon Curt Noll> /\oo/\
 *		http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
 *
 * Share and Enjoy!	:-)
 */

/** perform a 64 bit Fowler/Noll/Vo FNV-1a hash on a buffer
 * @param[in] val	value to hash
 * @param[in] len	length of value
 * @return 64 bit hash
 */
static mdb_hash_t
mdb_hash(const void *val, size_t len)
{
	const unsigned char *s = (const unsigned char *) val, *end = s + len;
	mdb_hash_t hval = 0xcbf29ce484222325ULL;
	/*
	 * FNV-1a hash each octet of the buffer
	 */
	while (s < end) {
		hval = (hval ^ *s++) * 0x100000001b3ULL;
	}
	/* return our new hash value */
	return hval;
}

/** Hash the string and output the encoded hash.
 * This uses modified RFC1924 Ascii85 encoding to accommodate systems with
 * very short name limits. We don't care about the encoding being reversible,
 * we just want to preserve as many bits of the input as possible in a
 * small printable string.
 * @param[in] str string to hash
 * @param[out] encbuf an array of 11 chars to hold the hash
 */
static const char mdb_a85[]= "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz!#$%&()*+-;<=>?@^_`{|}~";

static void ESECT
mdb_pack85(unsigned long long l, char *out)
{
	int i;

	for (i=0; i<10 && l; i++) {
		*out++ = mdb_a85[l % 85];
		l /= 85;
	}
	*out = '\0';
}

/** Init #MDB_env.me_mutexname[] except the char which #MUTEXNAME() will set.
 *	Changes to this code must be reflected in #MDB_LOCK_FORMAT.
 */
static void ESECT
mdb_env_mname_init(MDB_env *env)
{
	char *nm = env->me_mutexname;
	strcpy(nm, MUTEXNAME_PREFIX);
	mdb_pack85(env->me_txns->mti_mutexid, nm + sizeof(MUTEXNAME_PREFIX));
}

/** Return env->me_mutexname after filling in ch ('r'/'w') for convenience */
#define MUTEXNAME(env, ch) ( \
		(void) ((env)->me_mutexname[sizeof(MUTEXNAME_PREFIX)-1] = (ch)), \
		(env)->me_mutexname)

#endif

/** Open and/or initialize the lock region for the environment.
 * @param[in] env The LMDB environment.
 * @param[in] fname Filename + scratch area, from #mdb_fname_init().
 * @param[in] mode The Unix permissions for the file, if we create it.
 * @param[in,out] excl In -1, out lock type: -1 none, 0 shared, 1 exclusive
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int ESECT
mdb_env_setup_locks(MDB_env *env, MDB_name *fname, int mode, int *excl)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
#	define MDB_ERRCODE_ROFS	ERROR_WRITE_PROTECT
#else
#	define MDB_ERRCODE_ROFS	EROFS
#endif
#ifdef MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM
	int semid;
	union semun semu;
#endif
	int rc;
	MDB_OFF_T size, rsize;
	if (env->me_callback) {
		rc = mdb_fopen(env, fname, MDB_O_RDWR, mode, &env->me_lfd);
		if (!rc) {
			rc = ((MDB_check_fd*) env->me_callback)(env->me_lfd, env);
			if (rc)
				return rc;
		}
		close(env->me_lfd);
	}
	rc = mdb_fopen(env, fname, MDB_O_LOCKS, mode, &env->me_lfd);
	if (rc) {
		/* Omit lockfile if read-only env on read-only filesystem or no write permission */
		if ((rc == MDB_ERRCODE_ROFS || rc == EACCES) && (env->me_flags & MDB_RDONLY)) {
			return MDB_SUCCESS;
		}
		goto fail;
	}

	if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_NOTLS)) {
		rc = pthread_key_create(&env->me_txkey, mdb_env_reader_dest);
		if (rc)
			goto fail;
		env->me_flags |= MDB_ENV_TXKEY;
#ifdef _WIN32
		/* Windows TLS callbacks need help finding their TLS info. */
		if (mdb_tls_nkeys >= MAX_TLS_KEYS) {
			rc = MDB_TLS_FULL;
			goto fail;
		}
		mdb_tls_keys[mdb_tls_nkeys++] = env->me_txkey;
#endif
	}

	/* Try to get exclusive lock. If we succeed, then
	 * nobody is using the lock region and we should initialize it.
	 */
	if ((rc = mdb_env_excl_lock(env, excl))) goto fail;

#ifdef _WIN32
	size = GetFileSize(env->me_lfd, NULL);
#else
	size = lseek(env->me_lfd, 0, SEEK_END);
	if (size == -1) goto fail_errno;
#endif
	rsize = (env->me_maxreaders-1) * sizeof(MDB_reader) + sizeof(MDB_txninfo);
	if (size < rsize && *excl > 0) {
#ifdef _WIN32
		if (SetFilePointer(env->me_lfd, rsize, NULL, FILE_BEGIN) != (DWORD)rsize
			|| !SetEndOfFile(env->me_lfd))
			goto fail_errno;
#else
		if (ftruncate(env->me_lfd, rsize) != 0) goto fail_errno;
#endif
	} else {
		rsize = size;
		size = rsize - sizeof(MDB_txninfo);
		env->me_maxreaders = size/sizeof(MDB_reader) + 1;
	}
	{
#ifdef _WIN32
		HANDLE mh;
		mh = CreateFileMapping(env->me_lfd, NULL, PAGE_READWRITE,
			0, 0, NULL);
		if (!mh) goto fail_errno;
		env->me_txns = MapViewOfFileEx(mh, FILE_MAP_WRITE, 0, 0, rsize, NULL);
		CloseHandle(mh);
		if (!env->me_txns) goto fail_errno;
#else
		void *m = mmap(NULL, rsize, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,
			env->me_lfd, 0);
		if (m == MAP_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
		env->me_txns = m;
#endif
	}
	if (*excl > 0) {
#ifdef _WIN32
		BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION stbuf;
		struct {
			DWORD volume;
			DWORD nhigh;
			DWORD nlow;
		} idbuf;

		if (!mdb_sec_inited) {
			InitializeSecurityDescriptor(&mdb_null_sd,
				SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_REVISION);
			SetSecurityDescriptorDacl(&mdb_null_sd, TRUE, 0, FALSE);
			mdb_all_sa.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
			mdb_all_sa.bInheritHandle = FALSE;
			mdb_all_sa.lpSecurityDescriptor = &mdb_null_sd;
			mdb_sec_inited = 1;
		}
		if (!GetFileInformationByHandle(env->me_lfd, &stbuf)) goto fail_errno;
		idbuf.volume = stbuf.dwVolumeSerialNumber;
		idbuf.nhigh	= stbuf.nFileIndexHigh;
		idbuf.nlow	 = stbuf.nFileIndexLow;
		env->me_txns->mti_mutexid = mdb_hash(&idbuf, sizeof(idbuf));
		mdb_env_mname_init(env);
		env->me_rmutex = CreateMutexA(&mdb_all_sa, FALSE, MUTEXNAME(env, 'r'));
		if (!env->me_rmutex) goto fail_errno;
		env->me_wmutex = CreateMutexA(&mdb_all_sa, FALSE, MUTEXNAME(env, 'w'));
		if (!env->me_wmutex) goto fail_errno;
		env->me_sync_mutex = CreateMutexA(&mdb_all_sa, FALSE, MUTEXNAME(env, 's'));
		if (!env->me_sync_mutex) goto fail_errno;
#elif defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
		struct stat stbuf;
		struct {
			dev_t dev;
			ino_t ino;
		} idbuf;

#if defined(__NetBSD__)
#define	MDB_SHORT_SEMNAMES	1	/* limited to 14 chars */
#endif
		if (fstat(env->me_lfd, &stbuf)) goto fail_errno;
		memset(&idbuf, 0, sizeof(idbuf));
		idbuf.dev = stbuf.st_dev;
		idbuf.ino = stbuf.st_ino;
		env->me_txns->mti_mutexid = mdb_hash(&idbuf, sizeof(idbuf))
#ifdef MDB_SHORT_SEMNAMES
			/* Max 9 base85-digits.	We truncate here instead of in
			 * mdb_env_mname_init() to keep the latter portable.
			 */
			% ((mdb_hash_t)85*85*85*85*85*85*85*85*85)
#endif
			;
		mdb_env_mname_init(env);
		/* Clean up after a previous run, if needed:	Try to
		 * remove both semaphores before doing anything else.
		 */
		sem_unlink(MUTEXNAME(env, 'r'));
		sem_unlink(MUTEXNAME(env, 'w'));
		sem_unlink(MUTEXNAME(env, 's'));
		env->me_rmutex = sem_open(MUTEXNAME(env, 'r'), O_CREAT|O_EXCL, mode, 1);
		if (env->me_rmutex == SEM_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
		env->me_wmutex = sem_open(MUTEXNAME(env, 'w'), O_CREAT|O_EXCL, mode, 1);
		if (env->me_wmutex == SEM_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
		env->me_sync_mutex = sem_open(MUTEXNAME(env, 's'), O_CREAT|O_EXCL, mode, 1);
		if (env->me_sync_mutex == SEM_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
#elif defined(MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM)
		unsigned short vals[3] = {1, 1, 1};
		key_t key = ftok(fname->mn_val, 'M'); /* fname is lockfile path now */
		if (key == -1)
			goto fail_errno;
		semid = semget(key, 3, (mode & 0777) | IPC_CREAT);
		if (semid < 0)
			goto fail_errno;
		semu.array = vals;
		if (semctl(semid, 0, SETALL, semu) < 0)
			goto fail_errno;
		env->me_txns->mti_semid = semid;
		env->me_txns->mti_rlocked = 0;
		env->me_txns->mti_wlocked = 0;
		env->me_txns->mti_sync_locked = 0;
#else	/* MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX: */
		pthread_mutexattr_t mattr;

		/* Solaris needs this before initing a robust mutex.	Otherwise
		 * it may skip the init and return EBUSY "seems someone already
		 * inited" or EINVAL "it was inited differently".
		 */
		memset(env->me_txns->mti_rmutex, 0, sizeof(*env->me_txns->mti_rmutex));
		memset(env->me_txns->mti_wmutex, 0, sizeof(*env->me_txns->mti_wmutex));
		memset(env->me_txns->mti_sync_mutex, 0, sizeof(*env->me_txns->mti_sync_mutex));

		if ((rc = pthread_mutexattr_init(&mattr)) != 0)
			goto fail;
		rc = pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(&mattr, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);
#ifdef MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED
		if (!rc) pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(&mattr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST); // don't record rc, we don't care if it fails
#endif
		if (!rc) rc = pthread_mutex_init(env->me_txns->mti_rmutex, &mattr);
		if (!rc) rc = pthread_mutex_init(env->me_txns->mti_wmutex, &mattr);
		if (!rc) rc = pthread_mutex_init(env->me_txns->mti_sync_mutex, &mattr);
		pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&mattr);
		if (rc)
			goto fail;
#endif	/* _WIN32 || ... */

		env->me_txns->mti_magic = MDB_MAGIC;
		env->me_txns->mti_format = MDB_LOCK_FORMAT;
		env->me_txns->mti_txnid = 0;
		env->me_txns->mti_numreaders = 0;

	} else {
#ifdef MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM
		struct semid_ds buf;
#endif
		if (env->me_txns->mti_magic != MDB_MAGIC) {
			DPUTS("lock region has invalid magic");
			rc = MDB_INVALID;
			goto fail;
		}
		if (env->me_txns->mti_format != MDB_LOCK_FORMAT) {
			DPRINTF(("lock region has format+version 0x%x, expected 0x%x",
				env->me_txns->mti_format, MDB_LOCK_FORMAT));
			rc = MDB_VERSION_MISMATCH;
			goto fail;
		}
		rc = ErrCode();
		if (rc && rc != EACCES && rc != EAGAIN) {
			goto fail;
		}
#ifdef _WIN32
		mdb_env_mname_init(env);
		env->me_rmutex = OpenMutexA(SYNCHRONIZE, FALSE, MUTEXNAME(env, 'r'));
		if (!env->me_rmutex) goto fail_errno;
		env->me_wmutex = OpenMutexA(SYNCHRONIZE, FALSE, MUTEXNAME(env, 'w'));
		if (!env->me_wmutex) goto fail_errno;
		env->me_sync_mutex = OpenMutexA(SYNCHRONIZE, FALSE, MUTEXNAME(env, 's'));
		if (!env->me_sync_mutex) goto fail_errno;
#elif defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
		mdb_env_mname_init(env);
		env->me_rmutex = sem_open(MUTEXNAME(env, 'r'), 0);
		if (env->me_rmutex == SEM_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
		env->me_wmutex = sem_open(MUTEXNAME(env, 'w'), 0);
		if (env->me_wmutex == SEM_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
		env->me_sync_mutex = sem_open(MUTEXNAME(env, 's'), 0);
		if (env->me_sync_mutex == SEM_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
#elif defined(MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM)
		semid = env->me_txns->mti_semid;
		semu.buf = &buf;
		/* check for read access */
		if (semctl(semid, 0, IPC_STAT, semu) < 0)
			goto fail_errno;
		/* check for write access */
		if (semctl(semid, 0, IPC_SET, semu) < 0)
			goto fail_errno;
#endif
	}
#ifdef MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM
	env->me_rmutex->semid = semid;
	env->me_wmutex->semid = semid;
	env->me_sync_mutex->semid = semid;
	env->me_rmutex->semnum = 0;
	env->me_wmutex->semnum = 1;
	env->me_sync_mutex->semnum = 2;
	env->me_rmutex->locked = &env->me_txns->mti_rlocked;
	env->me_wmutex->locked = &env->me_txns->mti_wlocked;
	env->me_sync_mutex->locked = &env->me_txns->mti_sync_locked;
#endif

	return MDB_SUCCESS;

fail_errno:
	rc = ErrCode();
fail:
	return rc;
}

#ifdef MDB_TEST
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
/** Trivial encryption for testing */
static void ESECT
mdb_enctest(const MDB_val *src, MDB_val *dst, const MDB_val *key, int encdec)
{
	mdb_size_t *sptr = src->mv_data, *dptr = dst->mv_data;
	mdb_size_t x=*(mdb_size_t*)key[0].mv_data, v=*(mdb_size_t*)key[1].mv_data;
	int i, len = dst->mv_size / sizeof(mdb_size_t);

	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
		x += v += i + sptr[i] + (dptr[i] = sptr[i] ^ x);
}
#endif	/* MDB_RPAGE_CACHE */

/** Add #mdb_env_open() flags from environment variable $LMDB_FLAGS.
 *
 *	Supports the normal flags plus 'e' = trivial encryption for testing.
 */
static int ESECT
mdb_env_envflags(MDB_env *env)
{
	static const char names[] = "ace" "fhi" "lmn" "rst" "vw";
	static const unsigned f[] = {
		/*a*/ MDB_MAPASYNC, /*c*/ MDB_REMAP_CHUNKS, /*e*/ MDB_ENCRYPT,
		/*f*/ MDB_FIXEDMAP, /*h*/ MDB_NORDAHEAD,		/*i*/ MDB_NOMEMINIT,
		/*l*/ MDB_NOLOCK,	 /*m*/ MDB_NOMETASYNC,	 /*n*/ MDB_NOSUBDIR,
		/*r*/ MDB_RDONLY,	 /*s*/ MDB_NOSYNC,			 /*t*/ MDB_NOTLS,
		/*v*/ MDB_PREVSNAPSHOT, /*w*/ MDB_WRITEMAP,
	};
	unsigned flags = 0;
	const char *s, *opts = getenv("LMDB_FLAGS");
	if (opts) {
		for (; *opts; opts++) {
			if ((s = strchr(names, *opts)) == NULL)
				return EINVAL;
			flags |= f[s - names];
		}
		if (flags & MDB_ENCRYPT) {
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
			if (!env->me_encfunc) {
				static mdb_size_t k = (MDB_SIZE_MAX/67*73) | 1;
				MDB_val key = {sizeof(k), &k};
				int rc;
				rc = mdb_env_set_encrypt(env, mdb_enctest, &key, 0);
				if (rc)
					return rc;
			}
#else
			return EINVAL;
#endif
		}
		env->me_flags |= flags;
	}
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}
#else
#define mdb_env_envflags(env) MDB_SUCCESS
#endif	/* MDB_TEST */

	/** Only a subset of the @ref mdb_env flags can be changed
	 *	at runtime. Changing other flags requires closing the
	 *	environment and re-opening it with the new flags.
	 */
#define	CHANGEABLE	(MDB_NOSYNC|MDB_NOMETASYNC|MDB_MAPASYNC|MDB_NOMEMINIT)
#define	CHANGELESS	(MDB_FIXEDMAP|MDB_NOSUBDIR|MDB_RDONLY| \
	MDB_WRITEMAP|MDB_NOTLS|MDB_NOLOCK|MDB_NORDAHEAD|MDB_PREVSNAPSHOT|MDB_REMAP_CHUNKS|MDB_OVERLAPPINGSYNC|MDB_SAFE_RESTORE|MDB_TRACK_METRICS)
#define EXPOSED		(CHANGEABLE|CHANGELESS | MDB_ENCRYPT)

#if VALID_FLAGS & PERSISTENT_FLAGS & EXPOSED
# error "Persistent DB flags & env flags overlap, but both go in mm_flags"
#endif

int ESECT
mdb_env_open(MDB_env *env, const char *path, unsigned int flags, mdb_mode_t mode)
{
	int rc, excl = -1;
	MDB_name fname;
	if (env->me_fd!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE || (flags & ~(CHANGEABLE|CHANGELESS)))
		return EINVAL;

	if ((rc = mdb_env_envflags(env)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
		return rc;
	flags |= env->me_flags;

	if (MDB_REMAPPING(0))			/* if we always remap chunks */
		flags |= MDB_REMAP_CHUNKS;
	if (MDB_REMAPPING(flags)) {
		/* silently ignore WRITEMAP with REMAP_CHUNKS */
		flags &= ~MDB_WRITEMAP;
#if (MDB_RPAGE_CACHE) & 2
		/* TEST: silently ignore FIXEDMAP, so mtest*.c will work */
		flags &= ~MDB_FIXEDMAP;
#else
		/* cannot support FIXEDMAP */
		if (flags & MDB_FIXEDMAP)
			return EINVAL;
#endif
	}

	rc = mdb_fname_init(path, flags, &fname);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	if (MDB_REMAPPING(flags)) {
#ifdef _WIN32
	env->me_rpmutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
	if (!env->me_rpmutex) {
		rc = ErrCode();
		goto leave;
	}
#else
	rc = pthread_mutex_init(&env->me_rpmutex, NULL);
	if (rc) {
		last_error = "Attempting to initialize mutex";
		goto leave;
	}
#endif
	}
#endif
#ifndef _WIN32
	{
		struct stat st;
		flags &= ~MDB_RAWPART;
		if (!stat(path, &st) && (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) || S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)))
			flags |= MDB_RAWPART | MDB_NOSUBDIR;
	}
#endif
	flags |= MDB_ENV_ACTIVE; /* tell mdb_env_close_active() to clean up */

	if (flags & MDB_RDONLY) {
		/* silently ignore WRITEMAP when we're only getting read access */
		flags &= ~MDB_WRITEMAP;
	} else {
		/* WRITEMAP has a dummy element to match dirty_room = 1 */
		size_t dl_size = (flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) ? 2 : MDB_IDL_UM_SIZE;
		if (!((env->me_free_pgs = mdb_midl_alloc(MDB_IDL_UM_MAX)) &&
				(env->me_dirty_list = calloc(dl_size, sizeof(MDB_ID2)))))
			rc = ENOMEM;
		if (env->me_dirty_list && !(env->me_dirty_nump = malloc(dl_size * sizeof(int))))
			rc = ENOMEM;
	}

	env->me_flags = flags;
	if (rc)
		goto leave;

#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	if (MDB_REMAPPING(flags))
	{
		env->me_rpages = malloc(MDB_ERPAGE_SIZE * sizeof(MDB_ID3));
		if (!env->me_rpages) {
			rc = ENOMEM;
			goto leave;
		}
		env->me_rpages[0].mid = 0;
		env->me_rpcheck = MDB_ERPAGE_SIZE/2;
	}
#endif
	/*<lmdb-js>*/
	env->me_last_map = NULL;
	env->boot_id = 0;
	char boot_uuid[42];
	char* endptr;
// copied/adapted from https://github.com/erthink/libmdbx/blob/master/src/osal.c#L2199 (more OSes are handled there, might add windows when full overlappingSync support is added)
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__gnu_linux__)
		{
	 const int fd =
				open("/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id", O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW);
	if (fd != -1) {
		struct statfs fs;
		const ssize_t len =
				(fstatfs(fd, &fs) == 0 && fs.f_type == /* procfs */ 0x9FA0)
					? read(fd, boot_uuid, sizeof(boot_uuid))
					: -1;
		close(fd);
		if (len > 0)
			env->boot_id = strtoll(boot_uuid, &endptr, 16);
	}
	}
#endif /* Linux */

#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__MACH__)
	{
		size_t len = sizeof(boot_uuid);
		if (!sysctlbyname("kern.bootsessionuuid", boot_uuid, &len, NULL, 0))
	 	env->boot_id = strtoll(boot_uuid, &endptr, 16);
	}
#endif
	/*</lmdb-js>*/
	env->me_path = strdup(path);
	env->me_dbxs = calloc(env->me_maxdbs, sizeof(MDB_dbx));
	env->me_dbflags = calloc(env->me_maxdbs, sizeof(uint16_t));
	env->me_dbiseqs = calloc(env->me_maxdbs, sizeof(unsigned int));
	if (!(env->me_dbxs && env->me_path && env->me_dbflags && env->me_dbiseqs)) {
		rc = ENOMEM;
		goto leave;
	}
	env->me_dbxs[FREE_DBI].md_cmp = mdb_cmp_long; /* aligned MDB_INTEGERKEY */

	/* For RDONLY, get lockfile after we know datafile exists */
	if (!(flags & (MDB_RDONLY|MDB_NOLOCK))) {
		rc = mdb_env_setup_locks(env, &fname, mode, &excl);
		if (rc) {
			if (rc != 10) last_error = "Attempting to setup locks"; // lmdb-js uses 10 for existing environment found
			goto leave;
		}
		if ((flags & MDB_PREVSNAPSHOT) && !excl) {
			// <lmdb-js>
			flags ^= MDB_PREVSNAPSHOT;
			env->me_flags = flags;
			// </lmdb-js>
		}
	}

	rc = mdb_fopen(env, &fname,
		(flags & MDB_RDONLY) ? MDB_O_RDONLY : MDB_O_RDWR,
		mode, &env->me_fd);
	if (rc) {
		last_error = "Attempting to open main database file";
		goto leave;
	}
#ifdef _WIN32
	rc = mdb_fopen(env, &fname, MDB_O_OVERLAPPED, mode, &env->me_ovfd);
	if (rc)
		goto leave;
#endif
	if ((flags & (MDB_RDONLY|MDB_NOLOCK)) == MDB_RDONLY) {
		rc = mdb_env_setup_locks(env, &fname, mode, &excl);
		if (rc) {
			last_error = "Attempting to setup locks after open";
			goto leave;
		}
	}

	if ((rc = mdb_env_open2(env, flags & MDB_PREVSNAPSHOT)) == MDB_SUCCESS) {
		/* Synchronous fd for meta writes. Needed even with
		 * MDB_NOSYNC/MDB_NOMETASYNC, in case these get reset.
		 */
		if (!(flags & (MDB_RDONLY|MDB_WRITEMAP))) {
			rc = mdb_fopen(env, &fname, MDB_O_META, mode, &env->me_mfd);
			if (rc) {
				last_error = "Attempting to open sync file descriptor";
				goto leave;
			}
		}
		DPRINTF(("opened dbenv %p", (void *) env));
		// <lmdb-js>
		if (excl > 0) {
			if (flags & MDB_PREVSNAPSHOT) {
				MDB_meta* safe_meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
				flags &= ~MDB_PREVSNAPSHOT; // clear the flag now, so we can compare to the latest
				env->me_flags = flags;
				MDB_meta* latest = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
				if (latest->mm_txnid != safe_meta->mm_txnid) {
					MDB_txn rollback_txn;
					MDB_db dbs[2];
					rollback_txn.mt_env = env;
					rollback_txn.mt_flags = 0;
					rollback_txn.mt_dbs = dbs;
					rollback_txn.mt_dbs[FREE_DBI] = safe_meta->mm_dbs[FREE_DBI];
					rollback_txn.mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI] = safe_meta->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI];
					rollback_txn.mt_txnid = safe_meta->mm_txnid;
					rollback_txn.mt_next_pgno = safe_meta->mm_last_pg + 1;
					mdb_env_write_meta(&rollback_txn);
					rollback_txn.mt_txnid--; // overwrite both meta pages to safe meta data
					mdb_env_write_meta(&rollback_txn);
				}
			}
			rc = mdb_env_share_locks(env, &excl);
			if (rc) {
				last_error = "Attempting to setup shared locks";
				goto leave;
			}
		}
		// </lmdb-js>
		if (!(flags & MDB_RDONLY)) {
			MDB_txn *txn;
			int tsize = sizeof(MDB_txn), size = tsize + env->me_maxdbs *
				(sizeof(MDB_db)+sizeof(MDB_cursor *)+sizeof(unsigned int)+1);
			if ((env->me_pbuf = calloc(1, env->me_psize)) &&
				(txn = calloc(1, size)))
			{
				txn->mt_dbs = (MDB_db *)((char *)txn + tsize);
				txn->mt_cursors = (MDB_cursor **)(txn->mt_dbs + env->me_maxdbs);
				txn->mt_dbiseqs = (unsigned int *)(txn->mt_cursors + env->me_maxdbs);
				txn->mt_dbflags = (unsigned char *)(txn->mt_dbiseqs + env->me_maxdbs);
				txn->mt_env = env;
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
				if (MDB_REMAPPING(env->me_flags)) {
				txn->mt_rpages = malloc(MDB_TRPAGE_SIZE * sizeof(MDB_ID3));
				if (!txn->mt_rpages) {
					free(txn);
					rc = ENOMEM;
					goto leave;
				}
				txn->mt_rpages[0].mid = 0;
				txn->mt_rpcheck = MDB_TRPAGE_SIZE/2;
				}
#endif
				txn->mt_dbxs = env->me_dbxs;
				txn->mt_flags = MDB_TXN_FINISHED;
				env->me_txn0 = txn;
				MDB_meta* latest = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
				txn->mt_env->me_synced_txn_id = latest->mm_txnid;
			} else {
				rc = ENOMEM;
			}
		}
	}

leave:
	if (rc) {
		mdb_env_close_active(env, excl);
	}
	mdb_fname_destroy(fname);
	return rc;
}

/** When #MDB_ENV_ACTIVE: Clear #mdb_env_open()ed resources, release readers */
static void ESECT
mdb_env_close_active(MDB_env *env, int excl)
{
	int i;

	if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_ENV_ACTIVE))
		return;

	/* Doing this here since me_dbxs may not exist during mdb_env_close */
	if (env->me_dbxs) {
		for (i = env->me_maxdbs; --i >= CORE_DBS; )
			free(env->me_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_data);
		free(env->me_dbxs);
	}

	free(env->me_pbuf);
	free(env->me_dbiseqs);
	free(env->me_dbflags);
	free(env->me_path);
	free(env->me_dirty_list);
	free(env->me_dirty_nump);
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	if (MDB_REMAPPING(env->me_flags)) {
	if (env->me_txn0 && env->me_txn0->mt_rpages)
		free(env->me_txn0->mt_rpages);
	if (env->me_rpages) {
		MDB_ID3L el = env->me_rpages;
		unsigned int x;
		for (x=1; x<=el[0].mid; x++)
			munmap(el[x].mptr, el[x].mcnt * env->me_psize);
		free(el);
	}
	}
#endif
	free(env->me_txn0);
	mdb_midl_free(env->me_free_pgs);

	if (env->me_flags & MDB_ENV_TXKEY) {
		pthread_key_delete(env->me_txkey);
#ifdef _WIN32
		/* Delete our key from the global list */
		for (i=0; i<mdb_tls_nkeys; i++)
			if (mdb_tls_keys[i] == env->me_txkey) {
				mdb_tls_keys[i] = mdb_tls_keys[mdb_tls_nkeys-1];
				mdb_tls_nkeys--;
				break;
			}
#endif
	}

	if (env->me_map) {
		if (MDB_REMAPPING(env->me_flags))
			munmap(env->me_map, NUM_METAS*env->me_psize);
		else {
			munmap(env->me_map, env->me_mapsize);
			/*<lmdb-js>*/
			MDB_last_map *last_map = env->me_last_map;
			while(last_map) { // unmap all of the previous maps as well
				munmap(last_map->map, last_map->mapsize);
				MDB_last_map *last_last_map = last_map;
				last_map = last_map->last_map;
				free(last_last_map);
			}
			/*</lmdb-js>*/
		}
	}
	if (env->me_mfd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
		(void) close(env->me_mfd);
#ifdef _WIN32
	if (env->me_ovs > 0) {
		for (i = 0; i < env->me_ovs; i++) {
			CloseHandle(env->me_ov[i].hEvent);
		}
		free(env->me_ov);
	}
	if (env->me_ovfd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
		(void) close(env->me_ovfd);
#endif
	if (env->me_fd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
		(void) close(env->me_fd);
	if (env->me_txns) {
		MDB_PID_T pid = getpid();
		/* Clearing readers is done in this function because
		 * me_txkey with its destructor must be disabled first.
		 *
		 * We skip the the reader mutex, so we touch only
		 * data owned by this process (me_close_readers and
		 * our readers), and clear each reader atomically.
		 */
		for (i = env->me_close_readers; --i >= 0; )
			if (env->me_txns->mti_readers[i].mr_pid == pid)
				env->me_txns->mti_readers[i].mr_pid = 0;
#ifdef _WIN32
		if (env->me_rmutex) {
			CloseHandle(env->me_rmutex);
			if (env->me_wmutex) CloseHandle(env->me_wmutex);
			if (env->me_sync_mutex) CloseHandle(env->me_sync_mutex);
		}
		/* Windows automatically destroys the mutexes when
		 * the last handle closes.
		 */
#elif defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
		if (env->me_rmutex != SEM_FAILED) {
			sem_close(env->me_rmutex);
			if (env->me_wmutex != SEM_FAILED)
				sem_close(env->me_wmutex);
			if (env->me_sync_mutex != SEM_FAILED)
				sem_close(env->me_sync_mutex);
			/* If we have the filelock:	If we are the
			 * only remaining user, clean up semaphores.
			 */
			if (excl == 0)
				mdb_env_excl_lock(env, &excl);
			if (excl > 0) {
				sem_unlink(MUTEXNAME(env, 'r'));
				sem_unlink(MUTEXNAME(env, 'w'));
				sem_unlink(MUTEXNAME(env, 's'));
			}
		}
#elif defined(MDB_USE_SYSV_SEM)
		if (env->me_rmutex->semid != -1) {
			/* If we have the filelock:	If we are the
			 * only remaining user, clean up semaphores.
			 */
			if (excl == 0)
				mdb_env_excl_lock(env, &excl);
			if (excl > 0)
				semctl(env->me_rmutex->semid, 0, IPC_RMID);
		}
#elif defined(MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED)
		/* If we have the filelock:	If we are the
		 * only remaining user, clean up robust
		 * mutexes.
		 */
		if (excl == 0)
			mdb_env_excl_lock(env, &excl);
		if (excl > 0) {
			pthread_mutex_destroy(env->me_txns->mti_rmutex);
			pthread_mutex_destroy(env->me_txns->mti_wmutex);
			pthread_mutex_destroy(env->me_txns->mti_sync_mutex);
		}
#endif
		munmap((void *)env->me_txns, (env->me_maxreaders-1)*sizeof(MDB_reader)+sizeof(MDB_txninfo));
	}
	if (env->me_lfd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
#ifdef _WIN32
		if (excl >= 0) {
			/* Unlock the lockfile.	Windows would have unlocked it
			 * after closing anyway, but not necessarily at once.
			 */
			UnlockFile(env->me_lfd, 0, 0, 1, 0);
		}
#endif
		(void) close(env->me_lfd);
	}
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	if (MDB_REMAPPING(env->me_flags))
	{
#ifdef _WIN32
	if (env->me_fmh) CloseHandle(env->me_fmh);
	if (env->me_rpmutex) CloseHandle(env->me_rpmutex);
#else
	pthread_mutex_destroy(&env->me_rpmutex);
#endif
	}
#endif

	env->me_flags &= ~(MDB_ENV_ACTIVE|MDB_ENV_TXKEY);
}

void ESECT
mdb_env_close(MDB_env *env)
{
	MDB_page *dp;

	if (env == NULL)
		return;

	VGMEMP_DESTROY(env);
	while ((dp = env->me_dpages) != NULL) {
		VGMEMP_DEFINED(&dp->mp_next, sizeof(dp->mp_next));
		env->me_dpages = dp->mp_next;
		free(dp);
	}

	mdb_env_close_active(env, 0);
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	free(env->me_enckey.mv_data);
#endif
	free(env);
}

/** Compare two items pointing at aligned #mdb_size_t's */
static int
mdb_cmp_long(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
{
	return (*(mdb_size_t *)a->mv_data < *(mdb_size_t *)b->mv_data) ? -1 :
		*(mdb_size_t *)a->mv_data > *(mdb_size_t *)b->mv_data;
}

/** Compare two items pointing at aligned unsigned int's.
 *
 *	This is also set as #MDB_INTEGERDUP|#MDB_DUPFIXED's #MDB_dbx.%md_dcmp,
 *	but #mdb_cmp_clong() is called instead if the data type is #mdb_size_t.
 */
static int
mdb_cmp_int(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
{
	return (*(unsigned int *)a->mv_data < *(unsigned int *)b->mv_data) ? -1 :
		*(unsigned int *)a->mv_data > *(unsigned int *)b->mv_data;
}

/** Compare two items pointing at unsigned ints of unknown alignment.
 *	Nodes and keys are guaranteed to be 2-byte aligned.
 */
static int
mdb_cmp_cint(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
{
#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
	unsigned short *u, *c;
	int x;

	u = (unsigned short *) ((char *) a->mv_data + a->mv_size);
	c = (unsigned short *) ((char *) b->mv_data + a->mv_size);
	do {
		x = *--u - *--c;
	} while(!x && u > (unsigned short *)a->mv_data);
	return x;
#else
	unsigned short *u, *c, *end;
	int x;

	end = (unsigned short *) ((char *) a->mv_data + a->mv_size);
	u = (unsigned short *)a->mv_data;
	c = (unsigned short *)b->mv_data;
	do {
		x = *u++ - *c++;
	} while(!x && u < end);
	return x;
#endif
}

/** Compare two items lexically */
static int
mdb_cmp_memn(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
{
	int diff;
	ssize_t len_diff;
	unsigned int len;

	len = a->mv_size;
	len_diff = (ssize_t) a->mv_size - (ssize_t) b->mv_size;
	if (len_diff > 0) {
		len = b->mv_size;
		len_diff = 1;
	}

	diff = memcmp(a->mv_data, b->mv_data, len);
	return diff ? diff : len_diff<0 ? -1 : len_diff;
}

/** Compare two items in reverse byte order */
static int
mdb_cmp_memnr(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
{
	const unsigned char	*p1, *p2, *p1_lim;
	ssize_t len_diff;
	int diff;

	p1_lim = (const unsigned char *)a->mv_data;
	p1 = (const unsigned char *)a->mv_data + a->mv_size;
	p2 = (const unsigned char *)b->mv_data + b->mv_size;

	len_diff = (ssize_t) a->mv_size - (ssize_t) b->mv_size;
	if (len_diff > 0) {
		p1_lim += len_diff;
		len_diff = 1;
	}

	while (p1 > p1_lim) {
		diff = *--p1 - *--p2;
		if (diff)
			return diff;
	}
	return len_diff<0 ? -1 : len_diff;
}

/** Search for key within a page, using binary search.
 * Returns the smallest entry larger or equal to the key.
 * If exactp is non-null, stores whether the found entry was an exact match
 * in *exactp (1 or 0).
 * Updates the cursor index with the index of the found entry.
 * If no entry larger or equal to the key is found, returns NULL.
 */
static MDB_node *
mdb_node_search(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, int *exactp)
{
	unsigned int	 i = 0, nkeys;
	int		 low, high;
	int		 rc = 0;
	MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
	MDB_node	*node = NULL;
	MDB_val	 nodekey;
	MDB_cmp_func *cmp;
	DKBUF;

	nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);

	DPRINTF(("searching %u keys in %s %spage %"Yu,
			nkeys, IS_LEAF(mp) ? "leaf" : "branch", IS_SUBP(mp) ? "sub-" : "",
			mdb_dbg_pgno(mp)));

	low = IS_LEAF(mp) ? 0 : 1;
	high = nkeys - 1;
	cmp = mc->mc_dbx->md_cmp;

	/* Branch pages have no data, so if using integer keys,
	 * alignment is guaranteed. Use faster mdb_cmp_int.
	 */
	if (cmp == mdb_cmp_cint && IS_BRANCH(mp)) {
		if (NODEPTR(mp, 1)->mn_ksize == sizeof(mdb_size_t))
			cmp = mdb_cmp_long;
		else
			cmp = mdb_cmp_int;
	}

	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
		nodekey.mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
		node = NODEPTR(mp, 0);	/* fake */
		while (low <= high) {
			i = (low + high) >> 1;
			nodekey.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, i, nodekey.mv_size);
			rc = cmp(key, &nodekey);
			DPRINTF(("found leaf index %u [%s], rc = %i",
					i, DKEY(&nodekey), rc));
			if (rc == 0)
				break;
			if (rc > 0)
				low = i + 1;
			else
				high = i - 1;
		}
	} else {
		while (low <= high) {
			i = (low + high) >> 1;

			node = NODEPTR(mp, i);
			nodekey.mv_size = NODEKSZ(node);
			nodekey.mv_data = NODEKEY(node);

			rc = cmp(key, &nodekey);
#if MDB_DEBUG
			if (IS_LEAF(mp))
				DPRINTF(("found leaf index %u [%s], rc = %i",
						i, DKEY(&nodekey), rc));
			else
				DPRINTF(("found branch index %u [%s -> %"Yu"], rc = %i",
						i, DKEY(&nodekey), NODEPGNO(node), rc));
#endif
			if (rc == 0)
				break;
			if (rc > 0)
				low = i + 1;
			else
				high = i - 1;
		}
	}

	if (rc > 0) {	/* Found entry is less than the key. */
		i++;	/* Skip to get the smallest entry larger than key. */
		if (!IS_LEAF2(mp))
			node = NODEPTR(mp, i);
	}
	if (exactp)
		*exactp = (rc == 0 && nkeys > 0);
	/* store the key index */
	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = i;
	if (i >= nkeys)
		/* There is no entry larger or equal to the key. */
		return NULL;

	/* nodeptr is fake for LEAF2 */
	return node;
}

#if 0
static void
mdb_cursor_adjust(MDB_cursor *mc, func)
{
	MDB_cursor *m2;

	for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
		if (m2->mc_pg[m2->mc_top] == mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) {
			func(mc, m2);
		}
	}
}
#endif

/** Pop a page off the top of the cursor's stack. */
static void
mdb_cursor_pop(MDB_cursor *mc)
{
	if (mc->mc_snum) {
		DPRINTF(("popping page %"Yu" off db %d cursor %p",
			mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]->mp_pgno, DDBI(mc), (void *) mc));

		mc->mc_snum--;
		if (mc->mc_snum) {
			mc->mc_top--;
		} else {
			mc->mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
		}
	}
}

/** Push a page onto the top of the cursor's stack.
 * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_cursor_push(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_page *mp)
{
	DPRINTF(("pushing page %"Yu" on db %d cursor %p", mp->mp_pgno,
		DDBI(mc), (void *) mc));

	if (mc->mc_snum >= CURSOR_STACK) {
		fprintf(stderr, "excess cursor stack error\n");

		mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
		return MDB_CURSOR_FULL;
	}

	mc->mc_top = mc->mc_snum++;
	mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = mp;
	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;

	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE

static int
mdb_rpage_encsum(MDB_env *env, MDB_ID3 *id3, unsigned rem, int numpgs)
{
	int rc = 0;
	if (env->me_encfunc) {
		unsigned short muse = id3->muse;
		rc = mdb_rpage_decrypt(env, id3, rem, numpgs);
		if (!rc && env->me_sumfunc && muse != id3->muse) {
			MDB_page *p = (MDB_page *)((char *)id3->menc + rem * env->me_psize);
			rc = mdb_page_chk_checksum(env, p, numpgs * env->me_psize);
		}
	} else {
		if (!(id3->muse & (1 << rem))) {
			MDB_page *p;
			int bit;
			/* If this is an overflow page, set all use bits to the end */
			if (rem + numpgs > MDB_RPAGE_CHUNK)
				bit = 0xffff;
			else
				bit = 1;

			id3->muse |= (bit << rem);
			p = (MDB_page *)((char *)id3->mptr + rem * env->me_psize);
			rc = mdb_page_chk_checksum(env, p, numpgs * env->me_psize);
		}
	}
	return rc;
}

/** Map a read-only page.
 * There are two levels of tracking in use, a per-txn list and a per-env list.
 * ref'ing and unref'ing the per-txn list is faster since it requires no
 * locking. Pages are cached in the per-env list for global reuse, and a lock
 * is required. Pages are not immediately unmapped when their refcnt goes to
 * zero; they hang around in case they will be reused again soon.
 *
 * When the per-txn list gets full, all pages with refcnt=0 are purged from the
 * list and their refcnts in the per-env list are decremented.
 *
 * When the per-env list gets full, all pages with refcnt=0 are purged from the
 * list and their pages are unmapped.
 *
 * @note "full" means the list has reached its respective rpcheck threshold.
 * This threshold slowly raises if no pages could be purged on a given check,
 * and returns to its original value when enough pages were purged.
 *
 * If purging doesn't free any slots, filling the per-txn list will return
 * MDB_TXN_FULL, and filling the per-env list returns MDB_MAP_FULL.
 *
 * Reference tracking in a txn is imperfect, pages can linger with non-zero
 * refcnt even without active references. It was deemed to be too invasive
 * to add unrefs in every required location. However, all pages are unref'd
 * at the end of the transaction. This guarantees that no stale references
 * linger in the per-env list.
 *
 * Usually we map chunks of 16 pages at a time, but if an overflow page begins
 * at the tail of the chunk we extend the chunk to include the entire overflow
 * page. Unfortunately, pages can be turned into overflow pages after their
 * chunk was already mapped. In that case we must remap the chunk if the
 * overflow page is referenced. If the chunk's refcnt is 0 we can just remap
 * it, otherwise we temporarily map a new chunk just for the overflow page.
 *
 * @note this chunk handling means we cannot guarantee that a data item
 * returned from the DB will stay alive for the duration of the transaction:
 *	 We unref pages as soon as a cursor moves away from the page
 *	 A subsequent op may cause a purge, which may unmap any unref'd chunks
 * The caller must copy the data if it must be used later in the same txn.
 *
 * Also - our reference counting revolves around cursors, but overflow pages
 * aren't pointed to by a cursor's page stack. We have to remember them
 * explicitly, in the added mc_ovpg field. A single cursor can only hold a
 * reference to one overflow page at a time.
 *
 * @param[in] txn the transaction for this access.
 * @param[in] pg0 the page number for the page to retrieve.
 * @param[in] numpgs number of database pages (can be > 1 for overflow pages)
 * @param[out] ret address of a pointer where the page's address will be stored.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_rpage_get(MDB_txn *txn, pgno_t pg0, int numpgs, MDB_page **ret)
{
	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
	MDB_page *p;
	MDB_ID3L tl = txn->mt_rpages;
	MDB_ID3L el = env->me_rpages;
	MDB_ID3 id3;
	char *base;
	unsigned x, rem;
	pgno_t pgno;
	int rc, retries = 1;
#ifdef _WIN32
	LARGE_INTEGER off;
	SIZE_T len;
#define SET_OFF(off,val)	off.QuadPart = val
#define MAP(rc,env,addr,len,off)	\
	addr = NULL; \
	rc = NtMapViewOfSection(env->me_fmh, GetCurrentProcess(), &addr, 0, \
		len, &off, &len, ViewUnmap, (env->me_flags & MDB_RDONLY) ? 0 : MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_READONLY); \
	if (rc) rc = mdb_nt2win32(rc)
#else
	off_t off;
	size_t len;
#define SET_OFF(off,val)	off = val
#define MAP(rc,env,addr,len,off)	\
	addr = mmap(NULL, len, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, env->me_fd, off); \
	rc = (addr == MAP_FAILED) ? errno : 0
#endif

	/* remember the offset of the actual page number, so we can
	 * return the correct pointer at the end.
	 */
	rem = pg0 & (MDB_RPAGE_CHUNK-1);
	pgno = pg0 ^ rem;

	id3.mid = 0;
	id3.menc = NULL;
	id3.muse = 0;
	x = mdb_mid3l_search(tl, pgno);
	if (x <= tl[0].mid && tl[x].mid == pgno) {
		if (x != tl[0].mid && tl[x+1].mid == pg0)
			x++;
		/* check for overflow size */
		if (numpgs + rem > tl[x].mcnt) {
			id3.mcnt = numpgs + rem;
			len = id3.mcnt * env->me_psize;
			SET_OFF(off, pgno * env->me_psize);
			MAP(rc, env, id3.mptr, len, off);
			if (rc)
				return rc;
			/* setup for encryption */
			if (env->me_encfunc) {
				id3.menc = malloc(len);
				if (!id3.menc)
					return ENOMEM;
			}
			/* check for local-only page */
			if (rem) {
				mdb_tassert(txn, tl[x].mid != pg0);
				/* hope there's room to insert this locally.
				 * setting mid here tells later code to just insert
				 * this id3 instead of searching for a match.
				 */
				id3.mid = pg0;
				goto notlocal;
			} else {
				/* ignore the mapping we got from env, use new one */
				tl[x].mptr = id3.mptr;
				tl[x].mcnt = id3.mcnt;
				if (tl[x].menc)
					mdb_rpage_dispose(env, &tl[x]);
				tl[x].menc = id3.menc;
				tl[x].muse = id3.muse;
				/* if no active ref, see if we can replace in env */
				if (!tl[x].mref) {
					unsigned i;
					pthread_mutex_lock(&env->me_rpmutex);
					i = mdb_mid3l_search(el, tl[x].mid);
					if (el[i].mref == 1) {
						/* just us, replace it */
						munmap(el[i].mptr, el[i].mcnt * env->me_psize);
						el[i].mptr = tl[x].mptr;
						el[i].mcnt = tl[x].mcnt;
						if (el[i].menc)
							mdb_rpage_dispose(env, &el[i]);
						el[i].menc = tl[x].menc;
						el[i].muse = tl[x].muse;
					} else {
						/* there are others, remove ourself */
						el[i].mref--;
					}
					pthread_mutex_unlock(&env->me_rpmutex);
				}
			}
		}
		id3.mptr = tl[x].mptr;
		id3.mcnt = tl[x].mcnt;
		id3.menc = tl[x].menc;
		id3.muse = tl[x].muse;
		tl[x].mref++;
		if (env->me_encfunc || env->me_sumfunc) {
			rc = mdb_rpage_encsum(env, &id3, rem, numpgs);
			if (rc) return rc;
			tl[x].muse = id3.muse;
		}
		goto ok;
	}

notlocal:
	if (tl[0].mid >= MDB_TRPAGE_MAX - txn->mt_rpcheck) {
		unsigned i, y;
		/* purge unref'd pages from our list and unref in env */
		pthread_mutex_lock(&env->me_rpmutex);
retry:
		y = 0;
		for (i=1; i<=tl[0].mid; i++) {
			if (!tl[i].mref) {
				if (!y) y = i;
				/* tmp overflow pages don't go to env */
				if (tl[i].mid & (MDB_RPAGE_CHUNK-1)) {
					munmap(tl[i].mptr, tl[i].mcnt * env->me_psize);
					if (tl[i].menc)
						mdb_rpage_dispose(env, &tl[i]);
					continue;
				}
				x = mdb_mid3l_search(el, tl[i].mid);
				el[x].mref--;
			}
		}
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&env->me_rpmutex);
		if (!y) {
			/* we didn't find any unref'd chunks.
			 * if we're out of room, fail.
			 */
			if (tl[0].mid >= MDB_TRPAGE_MAX)
				return MDB_TXN_FULL;
			/* otherwise, raise threshold for next time around
			 * and let this go.
			 */
			txn->mt_rpcheck /= 2;
		} else {
			/* we found some unused; consolidate the list */
			for (i=y+1; i<= tl[0].mid; i++)
				if (tl[i].mref)
					tl[y++] = tl[i];
			tl[0].mid = y-1;
			/* decrease the check threshold toward its original value */
			if (!txn->mt_rpcheck)
				txn->mt_rpcheck = 1;
			while (txn->mt_rpcheck < tl[0].mid && txn->mt_rpcheck < MDB_TRPAGE_SIZE/2)
				txn->mt_rpcheck *= 2;
		}
	}
	if (tl[0].mid < MDB_TRPAGE_SIZE) {
		id3.mref = 1;
		if (id3.mid)
			goto found;
		/* don't map past last written page in read-only envs */
		if ((env->me_flags & MDB_RDONLY) && pgno + MDB_RPAGE_CHUNK-1 > txn->mt_last_pgno)
			id3.mcnt = txn->mt_last_pgno + 1 - pgno;
		else
			id3.mcnt = numpgs + rem > MDB_RPAGE_CHUNK ? numpgs + rem : MDB_RPAGE_CHUNK;
		len = id3.mcnt * env->me_psize;
		id3.mid = pgno;

		/* search for page in env */
		pthread_mutex_lock(&env->me_rpmutex);
		x = mdb_mid3l_search(el, pgno);
		if (x <= el[0].mid && el[x].mid == pgno) {
			id3.mptr = el[x].mptr;
			id3.menc = el[x].menc;
			id3.muse = el[x].muse;
			/* check for overflow size */
			if (id3.mcnt > el[x].mcnt) {
				SET_OFF(off, pgno * env->me_psize);
				MAP(rc, env, id3.mptr, len, off);
				if (rc)
					goto fail;
				if (env->me_encfunc) {
					id3.menc = malloc(len);
					if (!id3.menc) {
						rc = ENOMEM;
						goto fail;
					}
					id3.muse = 0;
				}
				if (!el[x].mref) {
					munmap(el[x].mptr, env->me_psize * el[x].mcnt);
					el[x].mptr = id3.mptr;
					el[x].mcnt = id3.mcnt;
					if (el[x].menc)
						mdb_rpage_dispose(env, &el[x]);
					el[x].menc = id3.menc;
					el[x].muse = id3.muse;
				} else {
					id3.mid = pg0;
					if (env->me_encfunc || env->me_sumfunc) {
						rc = mdb_rpage_encsum(env, &id3, rem, numpgs);
						if (rc)
							goto fail;
						el[x].muse = id3.muse;
					}
					pthread_mutex_unlock(&env->me_rpmutex);
					goto found;
				}
			}
			el[x].mref++;
			if (env->me_encfunc || env->me_sumfunc) {
				rc = mdb_rpage_encsum(env, &id3, rem, numpgs);
				if (rc)
					goto fail;
				el[x].muse = id3.muse;
			}
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&env->me_rpmutex);
			goto found;
		}
		if (el[0].mid >= MDB_ERPAGE_MAX - env->me_rpcheck) {
			/* purge unref'd pages */
			unsigned i, y = 0;
			for (i=1; i<=el[0].mid; i++) {
				if (!el[i].mref) {
					if (!y) y = i;
					munmap(el[i].mptr, env->me_psize * el[i].mcnt);
					if (el[i].menc)
						mdb_rpage_dispose(env, &el[i]);
				}
			}
			if (!y) {
				if (retries) {
					/* see if we can unref some local pages */
					retries--;
					id3.mid = 0;
					goto retry;
				}
				if (el[0].mid >= MDB_ERPAGE_MAX) {
					pthread_mutex_unlock(&env->me_rpmutex);
					return MDB_MAP_FULL;
				}
				env->me_rpcheck /= 2;
			} else {
				for (i=y+1; i<= el[0].mid; i++)
					if (el[i].mref)
						el[y++] = el[i];
				el[0].mid = y-1;
				if (!env->me_rpcheck)
					env->me_rpcheck = 1;
				while (env->me_rpcheck < el[0].mid && env->me_rpcheck < MDB_ERPAGE_SIZE/2)
					env->me_rpcheck *= 2;
			}
		}
		SET_OFF(off, pgno * env->me_psize);
		MAP(rc, env, id3.mptr, len, off);
		if (rc) {
fail:
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&env->me_rpmutex);
			return rc;
		}
		if (env->me_encfunc) {
			id3.menc = malloc(len);
			if (!id3.menc) {
				rc = ENOMEM;
				goto fail;
			}
		}
		if (env->me_encfunc || env->me_sumfunc) {
			rc = mdb_rpage_encsum(env, &id3, rem, numpgs);
			if (rc)
				goto fail;
		}
		mdb_mid3l_insert(el, &id3);
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&env->me_rpmutex);
found:
		mdb_mid3l_insert(tl, &id3);
	} else {
		return MDB_TXN_FULL;
	}
ok:
	base = (char *)(env->me_encfunc ? id3.menc : id3.mptr);
	p = (MDB_page *)(base + rem * env->me_psize);
	rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
	if (env->me_encfunc || env->me_sumfunc) {
		rc = mdb_rpage_encsum(env, &id3, rem, numpgs);
	}
#if MDB_DEBUG	/* we don't need this check any more */
	if (IS_OVERFLOW(p)) {
		mdb_tassert(txn, p->mp_pages + rem <= id3.mcnt);
	}
#endif
	*ret = p;
	return rc;
}

static int mdb_page_encrypt(MDB_env *env, MDB_page *dp, MDB_page *encp, size_t size)
{
	MDB_val in, out, enckeys[3];
	int xsize = sizeof(pgno_t) + sizeof(txnid_t);
	in.mv_size = size - xsize;
	in.mv_data = (char *)dp + xsize;
	out.mv_size = in.mv_size;
	out.mv_data = (char *)encp + xsize;
	if (env->me_esumsize) {
		in.mv_size -= env->me_esumsize;
		out.mv_size -= env->me_esumsize;
		enckeys[2].mv_size = env->me_esumsize;
		enckeys[2].mv_data = (char *)out.mv_data + out.mv_size;
	} else {
		enckeys[2].mv_size = 0;
		enckeys[2].mv_data = 0;
	}
	encp->mp_pgno = dp->mp_pgno;
	encp->mp_txnid = dp->mp_txnid;
	enckeys[0] = env->me_enckey;
	enckeys[1].mv_size = xsize;
	enckeys[1].mv_data = dp;
	return env->me_encfunc(&in, &out, enckeys, 1);
}

static int mdb_rpage_decrypt(MDB_env *env, MDB_ID3 *id3, int rem, int numpgs)
{
	int rc = 0;
	if (!(id3->muse & (1 << rem))) {
		MDB_val in, out, enckeys[3];
		int bit;
		int xsize = sizeof(pgno_t) + sizeof(txnid_t);

		/* If this is an overflow page, set all use bits to the end */
		if (rem + numpgs > MDB_RPAGE_CHUNK)
			bit = 0xffff;
		else
			bit = 1;

		id3->muse |= (bit << rem);
		in.mv_size = numpgs * env->me_psize - xsize;
		in.mv_data = (char *)id3->mptr + rem * env->me_psize + xsize;
		enckeys[0] = env->me_enckey;
		enckeys[1].mv_size = xsize;
		enckeys[1].mv_data = (char *)in.mv_data - xsize;
		if (env->me_esumsize) {
			in.mv_size -= env->me_esumsize;
			enckeys[2].mv_size = env->me_esumsize;
			enckeys[2].mv_data = (char *)in.mv_data + in.mv_size;
		} else {
			enckeys[2].mv_size = 0;
			enckeys[2].mv_data = 0;
		}
		out.mv_size = in.mv_size;
		out.mv_data = (char *)id3->menc + rem * env->me_psize + xsize;
		if (env->me_encfunc(&in, &out, enckeys, 0))
			rc = MDB_CRYPTO_FAIL;
		else {
			MDB_page *penc, *pclr;
			penc = (MDB_page *)enckeys[1].mv_data;
			pclr = (MDB_page *)((char *)out.mv_data - xsize);
			pclr->mp_pgno = penc->mp_pgno;
			pclr->mp_txnid = penc->mp_txnid;
		}
	}
	return rc;
}

/** zero out decrypted pages before freeing them */
static void mdb_rpage_dispose(MDB_env *env, MDB_ID3 *id3)
{
	char *base = id3->menc;
	int i, j;
	for (i=0, j=1; i<15; i++) {
		if (id3->muse & j)
			memset(base, 0, env->me_psize);
		j <<= 1;
		base += env->me_psize;
	}
	if (id3->muse & j) {
		i = id3->mcnt - (MDB_RPAGE_CHUNK - 1);
		memset(base, 0, i * env->me_psize);
	}
	free(id3->menc);
}

static void mdb_page_set_checksum(MDB_env *env, MDB_page *mp, size_t size)
{
	MDB_val src, dst, *key;
	src.mv_size = size - env->me_sumsize;
	src.mv_data = mp;
	dst.mv_size = env->me_sumsize;
	dst.mv_data = (char *)src.mv_data + src.mv_size;
	if (env->me_encfunc)
		key = &env->me_enckey;
	else
		key = NULL;
	env->me_sumfunc(&src, &dst, key);
}

static int mdb_page_chk_checksum(MDB_env *env, MDB_page *mp, size_t size)
{
	MDB_val src, dst, chk, *key;
	char sumbuf[256];
	src.mv_size = size - env->me_sumsize;
	src.mv_data = mp;
	chk.mv_size = env->me_sumsize;
	chk.mv_data = (char *)src.mv_data + src.mv_size;
	dst.mv_size = env->me_sumsize;
	dst.mv_data = sumbuf;
	if (env->me_encfunc)
		key = &env->me_enckey;
	else
		key = NULL;
	env->me_sumfunc(&src, &dst, key);
	return memcmp(chk.mv_data, dst.mv_data, env->me_sumsize) ? MDB_BAD_CHECKSUM : 0;
}
#endif

/** Find the address of the page corresponding to a given page number.
 * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
 * @param[in] mc the cursor accessing the page.
 * @param[in] pgno the page number for the page to retrieve.
 * @param[in] numpgs number of database pages (can be > 1 for overflow pages)
 * @param[out] ret address of a pointer where the page's address will be stored.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_page_get(MDB_cursor *mc, pgno_t pgno,
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	int numpgs,
#endif
	MDB_page **ret)
{
	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn, *tx2;
	MDB_page *p = NULL;

	if (! (mc->mc_flags & (C_ORIG_RDONLY|C_WRITEMAP))) {
		for (tx2 = txn;; ) {
			MDB_ID2L dl = tx2->mt_u.dirty_list;
			MDB_IDL	sl;
			unsigned x;
			/* tx2 may have malloced its own "dirty" version of the
			 * page, with the same page number.
			 */
			if (dl[0].mid) {
				unsigned x = mdb_mid2l_search(dl, pgno);
				if (x <= dl[0].mid && dl[x].mid == pgno) {
					p = dl[x].mptr;
					goto done;
				}
			}
			/* Spilled pages were dirtied in this txn, then cleaned
			 * and flushed to the map when dirty_list got full.
			 * Check if tx2 spilled the page before moving on to
			 * search the parent.	(But don't unspill here, leave
			 * that unless page_touch happens again.)
			 */
			sl = tx2->mt_spill_pgs;
			if ((tx2 = tx2->mt_parent) == NULL)
				break;
			if (sl) {
				MDB_ID pn = pgno << 1;
				x = mdb_midl_search(sl, pn);
				if (x <= sl[0] && sl[x] == pn) {
					goto mapped;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if (pgno >= txn->mt_next_pgno) {
		DPRINTF(("page %"Yu" not found", pgno));
		fprintf(stderr, "page %u not found error\n", pgno);

		txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
		return MDB_PAGE_NOTFOUND;
	}

mapped:
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	if (MDB_REMAPPING(txn->mt_env->me_flags)) {
		int rc = mdb_rpage_get(txn, pgno, numpgs, &p);
		if (rc) {
			txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
			return rc;
		}
	} else
#endif
	{
		MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
		p = (MDB_page *)(env->me_map + env->me_psize * pgno);
	}

done:
	*ret = p;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

/** Finish #mdb_page_search() / #mdb_page_search_lowest().
 *	The cursor is at the root page, set up the rest of it.
 */
static int
mdb_page_search_root(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, int flags)
{
	MDB_page	*mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
	int rc;
	DKBUF;

	while (IS_BRANCH(mp)) {
		MDB_node	*node;
		indx_t		i;

		DPRINTF(("branch page %"Yu" has %u keys", mp->mp_pgno, NUMKEYS(mp)));
		/* Don't assert on branch pages in the FreeDB. We can get here
		 * while in the process of rebalancing a FreeDB branch page; we must
		 * let that proceed. ITS#8336
		 */
		mdb_cassert(mc, !mc->mc_dbi || NUMKEYS(mp) > 1);
		DPRINTF(("found index 0 to page %"Yu, NODEPGNO(NODEPTR(mp, 0))));

		if (flags & (MDB_PS_FIRST|MDB_PS_LAST)) {
			i = 0;
			if (flags & MDB_PS_LAST) {
				i = NUMKEYS(mp) - 1;
				/* if already init'd, see if we're already in right place */
				if (mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) {
					if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] == i) {
						mc->mc_top = mc->mc_snum++;
						mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
						goto ready;
					}
				}
			}
		} else {
			int	 exact;
			node = mdb_node_search(mc, key, &exact);
			if (node == NULL)
				i = NUMKEYS(mp) - 1;
			else {
				i = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
				if (!exact) {
					mdb_cassert(mc, i > 0);
					i--;
				}
			}
			DPRINTF(("following index %u for key [%s]", i, DKEY(key)));
		}

		mdb_cassert(mc, i < NUMKEYS(mp));
		node = NODEPTR(mp, i);

		if ((rc = MDB_PAGE_GET(mc, NODEPGNO(node), 1, &mp)) != 0)
			return rc;

		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = i;
		if ((rc = mdb_cursor_push(mc, mp)))
			return rc;

ready:
		if (flags & MDB_PS_MODIFY) {
			if ((rc = mdb_page_touch(mc)) != 0)
				return rc;
			mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
		}
	}

	if (!IS_LEAF(mp)) {
		DPRINTF(("internal error, index points to a %02X page!?",
				mp->mp_flags));
		fprintf(stderr, "internal error, index points to a %02X page!?\n",
				mp->mp_flags);
		mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
		return MDB_CORRUPTED;
	}

	DPRINTF(("found leaf page %"Yu" for key [%s]", mp->mp_pgno,
			key ? DKEY(key) : "null"));
	mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
	mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;

	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

/** Search for the lowest key under the current branch page.
 * This just bypasses a NUMKEYS check in the current page
 * before calling mdb_page_search_root(), because the callers
 * are all in situations where the current page is known to
 * be underfilled.
 */
static int
mdb_page_search_lowest(MDB_cursor *mc)
{
	MDB_page	*mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
	MDB_node	*node = NODEPTR(mp, 0);
	int rc;

	if ((rc = MDB_PAGE_GET(mc, NODEPGNO(node), 1, &mp)) != 0)
		return rc;

	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
	if ((rc = mdb_cursor_push(mc, mp)))
		return rc;
	return mdb_page_search_root(mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST);
}

/** Search for the page a given key should be in.
 * Push it and its parent pages on the cursor stack.
 * @param[in,out] mc the cursor for this operation.
 * @param[in] key the key to search for, or NULL for first/last page.
 * @param[in] flags If MDB_PS_MODIFY is set, visited pages in the DB
 *	 are touched (updated with new page numbers).
 *	 If MDB_PS_FIRST or MDB_PS_LAST is set, find first or last leaf.
 *	 This is used by #mdb_cursor_first() and #mdb_cursor_last().
 *	 If MDB_PS_ROOTONLY set, just fetch root node, no further lookups.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_page_search(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, int flags)
{
	int		 rc;
	pgno_t		 root;

	/* Make sure the txn is still viable, then find the root from
	 * the txn's db table and set it as the root of the cursor's stack.
	 */
	if (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED) {
		DPUTS("transaction may not be used now");
		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
	} else {
		/* Make sure we're using an up-to-date root */
		if (*mc->mc_dbflag & DB_STALE) {
				MDB_cursor mc2;
				if (TXN_DBI_CHANGED(mc->mc_txn, mc->mc_dbi))
					return MDB_BAD_DBI;
				mdb_cursor_init(&mc2, mc->mc_txn, MAIN_DBI, NULL);
				rc = mdb_page_search(&mc2, &mc->mc_dbx->md_name, 0);
				if (rc)
					return rc;
				{
					MDB_val data;
					int exact = 0;
					uint16_t flags;
					MDB_node *leaf = mdb_node_search(&mc2,
						&mc->mc_dbx->md_name, &exact);
					if (!exact)
						return MDB_NOTFOUND;
					if ((leaf->mn_flags & (F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA)) != F_SUBDATA)
						return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE; /* not a named DB */
					rc = mdb_node_read(&mc2, leaf, &data);
					if (rc)
						return rc;
					memcpy(&flags, ((char *) data.mv_data + offsetof(MDB_db, md_flags)),
						sizeof(uint16_t));
					/* The txn may not know this DBI, or another process may
					 * have dropped and recreated the DB with other flags.
					 */
					if ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & PERSISTENT_FLAGS) != flags)
						return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
					memcpy(mc->mc_db, data.mv_data, sizeof(MDB_db));
				}
				*mc->mc_dbflag &= ~DB_STALE;
		}
		root = mc->mc_db->md_root;

		if (root == P_INVALID) {		/* Tree is empty. */
			DPUTS("tree is empty");
			return MDB_NOTFOUND;
		}
	}

	mdb_cassert(mc, root > 1);
	if (!mc->mc_pg[0] || mc->mc_pg[0]->mp_pgno != root) {
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
		if (mc->mc_pg[0])
			MDB_PAGE_UNREF(mc->mc_txn, mc->mc_pg[0]);
#endif
		if ((rc = MDB_PAGE_GET(mc, root, 1, &mc->mc_pg[0])) != 0)
			return rc;
	}

#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	if (MDB_REMAPPING(mc->mc_txn->mt_env->me_flags))
	{
		int i;
		for (i=1; i<mc->mc_snum; i++)
			mdb_page_unref(mc->mc_txn, mc->mc_pg[i]);
	}
#endif
	mc->mc_snum = 1;
	mc->mc_top = 0;

	DPRINTF(("db %d root page %"Yu" has flags 0x%X",
		DDBI(mc), root, mc->mc_pg[0]->mp_flags));

	if (flags & MDB_PS_MODIFY) {
		if ((rc = mdb_page_touch(mc)))
			return rc;
	}

	if (flags & MDB_PS_ROOTONLY)
		return MDB_SUCCESS;

	return mdb_page_search_root(mc, key, flags);
}

static int
mdb_ovpage_free(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_page *mp)
{
	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
	pgno_t pg = mp->mp_pgno;
	unsigned x = 0, ovpages = mp->mp_pages;
	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
	MDB_ID pn = pg << 1;
	MDB_page *freeme = NULL;
	int rc;

	DPRINTF(("free ov page %"Yu" (%d)", pg, ovpages));
	/* If the page is dirty or on the spill list we just acquired it,
	 * so we should give it back to our current free list, if any.
	 * Otherwise put it onto the list of pages we freed in this txn.
	 *
	 * Won't create me_pghead: me_freelist_start must be inited along with it.
	 * Unsupported in nested txns: They would need to hide the page
	 * range in ancestor txns' dirty and spilled lists.
	 */
	if (IS_MUTABLE(txn, mp) && env->me_pghead && !txn->mt_parent) {
		unsigned i, j;
		pgno_t *mop;
		MDB_ID2 *dl, ix, iy;
		rc = mdb_midl_need(&env->me_pghead, ovpages);
		if (rc)
			return rc;
		if (!IS_DIRTY_NW(txn, mp)) { /* spilled or WRITEMAP */
			MDB_IDL sl = txn->mt_spill_pgs;
			if (sl) {
			x = mdb_midl_search(sl, pn);
			if (! (x <= sl[0] && sl[x] == pn)) {
				last_error = "mdb_ovpage_free spilled dirty";
				return MDB_PROBLEM;
			}
			/* This page is no longer spilled */
			if (x == sl[0])
				sl[0]--;
			else
				sl[x] |= 1;
			}
			goto release;
		}
		/* Remove from dirty list */
		dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
		x = dl[0].mid--;
		for (ix = dl[x]; ix.mptr != mp; ix = iy) {
			if (x > 1) {
				x--;
				iy = dl[x];
				dl[x] = ix;
			} else {
				//mdb_cassert(mc, x > 1);
				j = ++(dl[0].mid);
				dl[j] = ix;		/* Unsorted. OK when MDB_TXN_ERROR. */
				fprintf(stderr, "mdb_ovpage_free: page not found in dirty list\n");
				txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
				last_error = "mdb_ovpage_free remove dirty";
				return MDB_PROBLEM;
			}
		}
		txn->mt_dirty_room++;
		freeme = mp;
release:
		/* Insert in me_pghead */
		mdb_midl_insert(&env->me_pghead, pg, ovpages);
	} else {
		rc = mdb_midl_append_range(&txn->mt_free_pgs, pg, ovpages);
		if (rc)
			return rc;
	}
	if (MC_OVPG(mc) == mp)
		MC_SET_OVPG(mc, NULL);
	mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages -= ovpages;

	if (MDB_REMAPPING(env->me_flags))
		mdb_ovpage_unref_all(mc, mp);
	if (freeme)
		mdb_dpage_free(env, freeme);

	return 0;
}

/** Return the data associated with a given node.
 * @param[in] mc The cursor for this operation.
 * @param[in] leaf The node being read.
 * @param[out] data Updated to point to the node's data.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_node_read(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_node *leaf, MDB_val *data)
{
	MDB_page	*omp;		/* overflow page */
	MDB_ovpage	ovp;
	int rc;

	if (MC_OVPG(mc)) {
		MDB_PAGE_UNREF(mc->mc_txn, MC_OVPG(mc));
		MC_SET_OVPG(mc, NULL);
	}
	data->mv_size = NODEDSZ(leaf);
	if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA)) {
		data->mv_data = NODEDATA(leaf);
		return MDB_SUCCESS;
	}

	/* Read overflow data.
	 */
	memcpy(&ovp, NODEDATA(leaf), sizeof(ovp));
	{
	if ((rc = MDB_PAGE_GET(mc, ovp.op_pgno, ovp.op_pages, &omp)) != 0) {
		DPRINTF(("read overflow page %"Yu" failed", ovp.op_pgno));
		return rc;
	}
	}
	data->mv_data = METADATA(omp);
	MC_SET_OVPG(mc, omp);

	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int
mdb_get(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi,
		MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
{
	return mdb_get_with_txn(txn, dbi, key, data, NULL);
}
int
mdb_get_with_txn(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi,
		MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, mdb_size_t *txn_id)
{
	MDB_cursor	mc;
	MDB_xcursor	mx;
	int exact = 0, rc;
	DKBUF;

	DPRINTF(("===> get db %u key [%s]", dbi, DKEY(key)));

	if (!key || !data || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID)) {
		if (!key)
			last_error = "No key was provided";
		else if (!data)
			last_error = "No data was provided";
		else if (!txn) {
			if (!last_error)
				last_error = "No transaction available";
		} else if ((dbi)>=(txn)->mt_numdbs) {
			MDB_meta *meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(txn->mt_env);
			txn->mt_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
			last_error = malloc(140);
			sprintf(last_error, "The dbi %u was out of range for the number of dbis (txn: %u id: %u, env: %u txnid: %u)", dbi, (txn)->mt_numdbs, txn->mt_txnid, txn->mt_env->me_numdbs, meta->mm_txnid);
		} else {
			last_error = malloc(100);
			sprintf(last_error, "The dbi %u flag was not valid for the txn: %u", dbi, (txn)->mt_dbflags[dbi]);
		}
		return EINVAL;
	}

	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
		return MDB_BAD_TXN;

	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, dbi, &mx);
	rc = mdb_cursor_set(&mc, key, data, MDB_SET, &exact);
	/* unref all the pages when MDB_REMAP_CHUNKS - caller must copy the data
	 * before doing anything else
	 */
	if (txn_id && !rc) {
		*txn_id = mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top]->mp_txnid;
	}
	MDB_CURSOR_UNREF(&mc, 1);
	return rc;
}
int
mdb_direct_write(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi,
		MDB_val *key, unsigned int offset, MDB_val *data)
{
	if (txn->mt_env->me_flags & MDB_REMAP_CHUNKS) return -1;
	MDB_val existing_data;
	int rc = mdb_get_with_txn(txn, dbi, key, &existing_data, NULL);
	if (rc == 0) {
		if (data->mv_size > existing_data.mv_size) {
			last_error = malloc(100);
			sprintf(last_error, "Attempt to direct write beyond the size of the value");
			return EINVAL;
		}
		MDB_env* env = txn->mt_env;
		mdb_size_t file_offset = (char*)existing_data.mv_data - env->me_map + offset;
		// if we discover that a direct write can only be safely atomically applied to a memory map if it fits into
		// single word, verify that here on some OSes, we can apply logic here:
		//if (file_offset >> 3 != (file_offset + data->mv_size - 1) >> 3)
		//	return -1;
#ifdef _WIN32
		DWORD written;
		OVERLAPPED ov;
		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
		ov.Offset = file_offset;
		rc = WriteFile(env->me_fd, data->mv_data, data->mv_size, &written, &ov);
#else
		int written = pwrite(env->me_fd, data->mv_data, data->mv_size, file_offset);
#endif;
		if (written < 0) rc = written;
	}
	return rc;
}

/** Find a sibling for a page.
 * Replaces the page at the top of the cursor's stack with the
 * specified sibling, if one exists.
 * @param[in] mc The cursor for this operation.
 * @param[in] move_right Non-zero if the right sibling is requested,
 * otherwise the left sibling.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_cursor_sibling(MDB_cursor *mc, int move_right)
{
	int		 rc;
	MDB_node	*indx;
	MDB_page	*mp;
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	MDB_page	*op;
#endif

	if (mc->mc_snum < 2) {
		return MDB_NOTFOUND;		/* root has no siblings */
	}

#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	op = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
#endif
	mdb_cursor_pop(mc);
	DPRINTF(("parent page is page %"Yu", index %u",
		mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]->mp_pgno, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));

	if (move_right ? (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] + 1u >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]))
					 : (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] == 0)) {
		DPRINTF(("no more keys left, moving to %s sibling",
				move_right ? "right" : "left"));
		if ((rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, move_right)) != MDB_SUCCESS) {
			/* undo cursor_pop before returning */
			mc->mc_top++;
			mc->mc_snum++;
			return rc;
		}
	} else {
		if (move_right)
			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]++;
		else
			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]--;
		DPRINTF(("just moving to %s index key %u",
				move_right ? "right" : "left", mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
	}
	if (!IS_BRANCH(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])) {
		last_error = "expected node to be branch, but was not";
		return MDB_PROBLEM;
	}

	MDB_PAGE_UNREF(mc->mc_txn, op);

	indx = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
	if ((rc = MDB_PAGE_GET(mc, NODEPGNO(indx), 1, &mp)) != 0) {
		/* mc will be inconsistent if caller does mc_snum++ as above */
		mc->mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
		return rc;
	}

	mdb_cursor_push(mc, mp);
	if (!move_right)
		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mp)-1;

	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

/** Move the cursor to the next data item. */
static int
mdb_cursor_next(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, MDB_cursor_op op)
{
	MDB_page	*mp;
	MDB_node	*leaf;
	int rc;

	if ((mc->mc_flags & C_DEL && op == MDB_NEXT_DUP))
		return MDB_NOTFOUND;

	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
		return mdb_cursor_first(mc, key, data);

	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];

	if (mc->mc_flags & C_EOF) {
		if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= NUMKEYS(mp)-1)
			return MDB_NOTFOUND;
		mc->mc_flags ^= C_EOF;
	}

	if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
		leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
		if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
			if (op == MDB_NEXT || op == MDB_NEXT_DUP) {
				rc = mdb_cursor_next(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL, MDB_NEXT);
				if (op != MDB_NEXT || rc != MDB_NOTFOUND) {
					if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS)
						MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
					return rc;
				}
			}
			else {
				MDB_CURSOR_UNREF(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, 0);
			}
		} else {
			mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
			if (op == MDB_NEXT_DUP)
				return MDB_NOTFOUND;
		}
	}

	DPRINTF(("cursor_next: top page is %"Yu" in cursor %p",
		mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), (void *) mc));
	if (mc->mc_flags & C_DEL) {
		mc->mc_flags ^= C_DEL;
		goto skip;
	}

	if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] + 1u >= NUMKEYS(mp)) {
		DPUTS("=====> move to next sibling page");
		if ((rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, 1)) != MDB_SUCCESS) {
			mc->mc_flags |= C_EOF;
			return rc;
		}
		mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
		DPRINTF(("next page is %"Yu", key index %u", mp->mp_pgno, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
	} else
		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]++;

skip:
	DPRINTF(("==> cursor points to page %"Yu" with %u keys, key index %u",
			mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), NUMKEYS(mp), mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));

	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
		key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
		key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key->mv_size);
		return MDB_SUCCESS;
	}

	mdb_cassert(mc, IS_LEAF(mp));
	leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);

	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
		if (!mc->mc_xcursor) {
			last_error = "Invalid dupdata flag with no mc_xcursor";
			return MDB_BAD_TXN;
		}
		mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
		rc = mdb_cursor_first(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
		if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
			return rc;
	} else if (data) {
		if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
			return rc;
	}

	MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

/** Move the cursor to the previous data item. */
static int
mdb_cursor_prev(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, MDB_cursor_op op)
{
	MDB_page	*mp;
	MDB_node	*leaf;
	int rc;

	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
		rc = mdb_cursor_last(mc, key, data);
		if (rc)
			return rc;
		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]++;
	}

	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];

	if ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) &&
		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] < NUMKEYS(mp)) {
		leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
		if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
			if (op == MDB_PREV || op == MDB_PREV_DUP) {
				rc = mdb_cursor_prev(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL, MDB_PREV);
				if (op != MDB_PREV || rc != MDB_NOTFOUND) {
					if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
						MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
						mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
					}
					return rc;
				}
			}
			else {
				MDB_CURSOR_UNREF(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, 0);
			}
		} else {
			mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
			if (op == MDB_PREV_DUP)
				return MDB_NOTFOUND;
		}
	}

	DPRINTF(("cursor_prev: top page is %"Yu" in cursor %p",
		mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), (void *) mc));

	mc->mc_flags &= ~(C_EOF|C_DEL);

	if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] == 0)	{
		DPUTS("=====> move to prev sibling page");
		if ((rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, 0)) != MDB_SUCCESS) {
			return rc;
		}
		mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mp) - 1;
		DPRINTF(("prev page is %"Yu", key index %u", mp->mp_pgno, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
	} else
		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]--;

	DPRINTF(("==> cursor points to page %"Yu" with %u keys, key index %u",
			mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), NUMKEYS(mp), mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));

	if (!IS_LEAF(mp))
		return MDB_CORRUPTED;

	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
		key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
		key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key->mv_size);
		return MDB_SUCCESS;
	}

	leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);

	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
		if (!mc->mc_xcursor) {
			last_error = "Invalid dupdata flag with no mc_xcursor";
			return MDB_BAD_TXN;
		}
		mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
		rc = mdb_cursor_last(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
		if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
			return rc;
	} else if (data) {
		if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
			return rc;
	}

	MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

/** Set the cursor on a specific data item. */
static int
mdb_cursor_set(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
		MDB_cursor_op op, int *exactp)
{
	int		 rc;
	MDB_page	*mp;
	MDB_node	*leaf = NULL;
	DKBUF;

	if (key->mv_size == 0)
		return MDB_BAD_VALSIZE;

	if (mc->mc_xcursor) {
		MDB_CURSOR_UNREF(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, 0);
		mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
	}

	/* See if we're already on the right page */
	if (mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) {
		MDB_val nodekey;

		mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
		if (!NUMKEYS(mp)) {
			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
			return MDB_NOTFOUND;
		}
		if (mp->mp_flags & P_LEAF2) {
			nodekey.mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
			nodekey.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, 0, nodekey.mv_size);
		} else {
			leaf = NODEPTR(mp, 0);
			MDB_GET_KEY2(leaf, nodekey);
		}
		rc = mc->mc_dbx->md_cmp(key, &nodekey);
		if (rc == 0) {
			/* Probably happens rarely, but first node on the page
			 * was the one we wanted.
			 */
			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
			if (exactp)
				*exactp = 1;
			goto set1;
		}
		if (rc > 0) {
			unsigned int i;
			unsigned int nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
			if (nkeys > 1) {
				if (mp->mp_flags & P_LEAF2) {
					nodekey.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp,
						 nkeys-1, nodekey.mv_size);
				} else {
					leaf = NODEPTR(mp, nkeys-1);
					MDB_GET_KEY2(leaf, nodekey);
				}
				rc = mc->mc_dbx->md_cmp(key, &nodekey);
				if (rc == 0) {
					/* last node was the one we wanted */
					mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = nkeys-1;
					if (exactp)
						*exactp = 1;
					goto set1;
				}
				if (rc < 0) {
					if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] < NUMKEYS(mp)) {
						/* This is definitely the right page, skip search_page */
						if (mp->mp_flags & P_LEAF2) {
							nodekey.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp,
								 mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], nodekey.mv_size);
						} else {
							leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
							MDB_GET_KEY2(leaf, nodekey);
						}
						rc = mc->mc_dbx->md_cmp(key, &nodekey);
						if (rc == 0) {
							/* current node was the one we wanted */
							if (exactp)
								*exactp = 1;
							goto set1;
						}
					}
					rc = 0;
					mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
					goto set2;
				}
			}
			/* If any parents have right-sibs, search.
			 * Otherwise, there's nothing further.
			 */
			for (i=0; i<mc->mc_top; i++)
				if (mc->mc_ki[i] <
					NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[i])-1)
					break;
			if (i == mc->mc_top) {
				/* There are no other pages */
				mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = nkeys;
				return MDB_NOTFOUND;
			}
		}
		if (!mc->mc_top) {
			/* There are no other pages */
			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
			if (op == MDB_SET_RANGE && !exactp) {
				rc = 0;
				goto set1;
			} else
				return MDB_NOTFOUND;
		}
	} else {
		mc->mc_pg[0] = 0;
	}

	rc = mdb_page_search(mc, key, 0);
	if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
		return rc;

	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
	mdb_cassert(mc, IS_LEAF(mp));

set2:
	leaf = mdb_node_search(mc, key, exactp);
	if (exactp != NULL && !*exactp) {
		/* MDB_SET specified and not an exact match. */
		return MDB_NOTFOUND;
	}

	if (leaf == NULL) {
		DPUTS("===> inexact leaf not found, goto sibling");
		if ((rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, 1)) != MDB_SUCCESS) {
			mc->mc_flags |= C_EOF;
			return rc;		/* no entries matched */
		}
		mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
		mdb_cassert(mc, IS_LEAF(mp));
		leaf = NODEPTR(mp, 0);
	}

set1:
	mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
	mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;

	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
		if (op == MDB_SET_RANGE || op == MDB_SET_KEY) {
			key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
			key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key->mv_size);
		}
		return MDB_SUCCESS;
	}

	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
		if (!mc->mc_xcursor) {
			last_error = "Invalid dupdata flag with no mc_xcursor";
			return MDB_BAD_TXN;
		}
		mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
		if (op == MDB_SET || op == MDB_SET_KEY || op == MDB_SET_RANGE) {
			rc = mdb_cursor_first(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
		} else {
			int ex2, *ex2p;
			if (op == MDB_GET_BOTH) {
				ex2p = &ex2;
				ex2 = 0;
			} else {
				ex2p = NULL;
			}
			rc = mdb_cursor_set(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL, MDB_SET_RANGE, ex2p);
			if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
				return rc;
		}
	} else if (data) {
		if (op == MDB_GET_BOTH || op == MDB_GET_BOTH_RANGE) {
			MDB_val olddata;
			MDB_cmp_func *dcmp;
			if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, &olddata)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
				return rc;
			dcmp = mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp;
			if (NEED_CMP_CLONG(dcmp, olddata.mv_size))
				dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
			rc = dcmp(data, &olddata);
			if (rc) {
				if (op == MDB_GET_BOTH || rc > 0)
					return MDB_NOTFOUND;
				rc = 0;
			}
			*data = olddata;

		} else {
			if (mc->mc_xcursor)
				mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
			if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
				return rc;
		}
	}

	/* The key already matches in all other cases */
	if (op == MDB_SET_RANGE || op == MDB_SET_KEY)
		MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
	DPRINTF(("==> cursor placed on key [%s]", DKEY(key)));

	return rc;
}

/** Move the cursor to the first item in the database. */
static int
mdb_cursor_first(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
{
	int		 rc;
	MDB_node	*leaf;

	if (mc->mc_xcursor) {
		MDB_CURSOR_UNREF(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, 0);
		mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
	}

	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) || mc->mc_top) {
		rc = mdb_page_search(mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST);
		if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
			return rc;
	}
	mdb_cassert(mc, IS_LEAF(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]));

	leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], 0);
	mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
	mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;

	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;

	if (IS_LEAF2(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])) {
		if ( key ) {
			key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
			key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], 0, key->mv_size);
		}
		return MDB_SUCCESS;
	}

	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
		if (!mc->mc_xcursor) {
			last_error = "Invalid dupdata flag with no mc_xcursor";
			return MDB_BAD_TXN;
		}
		mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
		rc = mdb_cursor_first(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
		if (rc)
			return rc;
	} else if (data) {
		if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
			return rc;
	}

	MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

/** Move the cursor to the last item in the database. */
static int
mdb_cursor_last(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
{
	int		 rc;
	MDB_node	*leaf;

	if (mc->mc_xcursor) {
		MDB_CURSOR_UNREF(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, 0);
		mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
	}

	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) || mc->mc_top) {
		rc = mdb_page_search(mc, NULL, MDB_PS_LAST);
		if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
			return rc;
	}
	mdb_cassert(mc, IS_LEAF(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]));

	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) - 1;
	mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF;
	leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);

	if (IS_LEAF2(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])) {
		if (key) {
			key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
			key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key->mv_size);
		}
		return MDB_SUCCESS;
	}

	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
		if (!mc->mc_xcursor) {
			last_error = "Invalid dupdata flag with no mc_xcursor";
			return MDB_BAD_TXN;
		}
		mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
		rc = mdb_cursor_last(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
		if (rc)
			return rc;
	} else if (data) {
		if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
			return rc;
	}

	MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int
mdb_cursor_get(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
		MDB_cursor_op op)
{
	int		 rc;
	int		 exact = 0;
	int		 (*mfunc)(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data);

	if (mc == NULL)
		return EINVAL;

	if (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
		return MDB_BAD_TXN;

	switch (op) {
	case MDB_GET_CURRENT:
		if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
			rc = EINVAL;
		} else {
			MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
			int nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
			if (!nkeys || mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= nkeys) {
				mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = nkeys;
				rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
				break;
			}
			rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
			if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
				key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
				key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key->mv_size);
			} else {
				MDB_node *leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
				MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
				if (data) {
					if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
						rc = mdb_cursor_get(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL, MDB_GET_CURRENT);
					} else {
						rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		break;
	case MDB_GET_BOTH:
	case MDB_GET_BOTH_RANGE:
		if (data == NULL) {
			rc = EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		if (mc->mc_xcursor == NULL) {
			rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
			break;
		}
		/* FALLTHRU */
	case MDB_SET:
	case MDB_SET_KEY:
	case MDB_SET_RANGE:
		if (key == NULL) {
			rc = EINVAL;
		} else {
			rc = mdb_cursor_set(mc, key, data, op,
				op == MDB_SET_RANGE ? NULL : &exact);
		}
		break;
	case MDB_GET_MULTIPLE:
		if (data == NULL || !(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
			rc = EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		if (!(mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED)) {
			rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
			break;
		}
		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
		if (!(mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) ||
			(mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_EOF))
			break;
		goto fetchm;
	case MDB_NEXT_MULTIPLE:
		if (data == NULL) {
			rc = EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		if (!(mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED)) {
			rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
			break;
		}
		rc = mdb_cursor_next(mc, key, data, MDB_NEXT_DUP);
		if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
			if (mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) {
				MDB_cursor *mx;
fetchm:
				mx = &mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
				data->mv_size = NUMKEYS(mx->mc_pg[mx->mc_top]) *
					mx->mc_db->md_pad;
				data->mv_data = METADATA(mx->mc_pg[mx->mc_top]);
				mx->mc_ki[mx->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mx->mc_pg[mx->mc_top])-1;
			} else {
				rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
			}
		}
		break;
	case MDB_PREV_MULTIPLE:
		if (data == NULL) {
			rc = EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		if (!(mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED)) {
			rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
			break;
		}
		if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
			rc = mdb_cursor_last(mc, key, data);
		else
			rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
		if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
			MDB_cursor *mx = &mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
			if (mx->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) {
				rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mx, 0);
				if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS)
					goto fetchm;
			} else {
				rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
			}
		}
		break;
	case MDB_NEXT:
	case MDB_NEXT_DUP:
	case MDB_NEXT_NODUP:
		rc = mdb_cursor_next(mc, key, data, op);
		break;
	case MDB_PREV:
	case MDB_PREV_DUP:
	case MDB_PREV_NODUP:
		rc = mdb_cursor_prev(mc, key, data, op);
		break;
	case MDB_FIRST:
		rc = mdb_cursor_first(mc, key, data);
		break;
	case MDB_FIRST_DUP:
		mfunc = mdb_cursor_first;
	mmove:
		if (data == NULL || !(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
			rc = EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		if (mc->mc_xcursor == NULL) {
			rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
			break;
		}
		if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])) {
			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]);
			rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
			break;
		}
		mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
		{
			MDB_node *leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
			if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
				MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
				rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data);
				break;
			}
		}
		if (!(mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
			rc = EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		rc = mfunc(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
		break;
	case MDB_LAST:
		rc = mdb_cursor_last(mc, key, data);
		break;
	case MDB_LAST_DUP:
		mfunc = mdb_cursor_last;
		goto mmove;
	default:
		DPRINTF(("unhandled/unimplemented cursor operation %u", op));
		rc = EINVAL;
		break;
	}

	if (mc->mc_flags & C_DEL)
		mc->mc_flags ^= C_DEL;

	return rc;
}

/** Touch all the pages in the cursor stack. Set mc_top.
 *	Makes sure all the pages are writable, before attempting a write operation.
 * @param[in] mc The cursor to operate on.
 */
static int
mdb_cursor_touch(MDB_cursor *mc)
{
	int rc = MDB_SUCCESS;

	if (mc->mc_dbi >= CORE_DBS && !(*mc->mc_dbflag & (DB_DIRTY|DB_DUPDATA))) {
		/* Touch DB record of named DB */
		MDB_cursor mc2;
		MDB_xcursor mcx;
		if (TXN_DBI_CHANGED(mc->mc_txn, mc->mc_dbi))
			return MDB_BAD_DBI;
		mdb_cursor_init(&mc2, mc->mc_txn, MAIN_DBI, &mcx);
		rc = mdb_page_search(&mc2, &mc->mc_dbx->md_name, MDB_PS_MODIFY);
		if (rc)
			 return rc;
		*mc->mc_dbflag |= DB_DIRTY;
	}
	mc->mc_top = 0;
	if (mc->mc_snum) {
		do {
			rc = mdb_page_touch(mc);
		} while (!rc && ++(mc->mc_top) < mc->mc_snum);
		mc->mc_top = mc->mc_snum-1;
	}
	return rc;
}

/** Do not spill pages to disk if txn is getting full, may fail instead */
#define MDB_NOSPILL	0x8000

int
mdb_cursor_put(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
		unsigned int flags)
{
	MDB_env		*env;
	MDB_node	*leaf = NULL;
	MDB_page	*fp, *mp, *sub_root = NULL;
	uint16_t	fp_flags;
	MDB_val		xdata, *rdata, dkey, olddata;
	MDB_db dummy;
	int do_sub = 0, insert_key, insert_data;
	unsigned int mcount = 0, dcount = 0, nospill;
	size_t nsize;
	int rc, rc2;
	unsigned int nflags;
	DKBUF;

	if (mc == NULL || key == NULL)
		return EINVAL;

	env = mc->mc_txn->mt_env;

	/* Check this first so counter will always be zero on any
	 * early failures.
	 */
	if (flags & MDB_MULTIPLE) {
		dcount = data[1].mv_size;
		data[1].mv_size = 0;
		if (!F_ISSET(mc->mc_db->md_flags, MDB_DUPFIXED))
			return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
	}

	nospill = flags & MDB_NOSPILL;
	flags &= ~MDB_NOSPILL;

	if (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_BLOCKED))
		return (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? EACCES : MDB_BAD_TXN;

	if (key->mv_size-1 >= ENV_MAXKEY(env))
		return MDB_BAD_VALSIZE;

#if SIZE_MAX > MAXDATASIZE
	if (data->mv_size > ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) ? ENV_MAXKEY(env) : MAXDATASIZE))
		return MDB_BAD_VALSIZE;
#else
	if ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) && data->mv_size > ENV_MAXKEY(env))
		return MDB_BAD_VALSIZE;
#endif

	DPRINTF(("==> put db %d key [%s], size %"Z"u, data size %"Z"u",
		DDBI(mc), DKEY(key), key ? key->mv_size : 0, data->mv_size));

	dkey.mv_size = 0;

	if (flags & MDB_CURRENT) {
		if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
			return EINVAL;
		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
	} else if (mc->mc_db->md_root == P_INVALID) {
		/* new database, cursor has nothing to point to */
		mc->mc_snum = 0;
		mc->mc_top = 0;
		mc->mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
		rc = MDB_NO_ROOT;
	} else {
		int exact = 0;
		MDB_val d2;
		if (flags & MDB_APPEND) {
			MDB_val k2;
			rc = mdb_cursor_last(mc, &k2, &d2);
			if (rc == 0) {
				rc = mc->mc_dbx->md_cmp(key, &k2);
				if (rc > 0) {
					rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
					mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]++;
				} else {
					/* new key is <= last key */
					rc = MDB_KEYEXIST;
				}
			}
		} else {
			rc = mdb_cursor_set(mc, key, &d2, MDB_SET, &exact);
		}
		if ((flags & MDB_NOOVERWRITE) && rc == 0) {
			DPRINTF(("duplicate key [%s]", DKEY(key)));
			*data = d2;
			return MDB_KEYEXIST;
		}
		if (rc && rc != MDB_NOTFOUND)
			return rc;
	}

	if (mc->mc_flags & C_DEL)
		mc->mc_flags ^= C_DEL;

	/* Cursor is positioned, check for room in the dirty list */
	if (!nospill) {
		if (flags & MDB_MULTIPLE) {
			rdata = &xdata;
			xdata.mv_size = data->mv_size * dcount;
		} else {
			rdata = data;
		}
		if ((rc2 = mdb_page_spill(mc, key, rdata)))
			return rc2;
	}

	if (rc == MDB_NO_ROOT) {
		MDB_page *np;
		/* new database, write a root leaf page */
		DPUTS("allocating new root leaf page");
		if ((rc2 = mdb_page_new(mc, P_LEAF, 1, &np))) {
			return rc2;
		}
		mdb_cursor_push(mc, np);
		mc->mc_db->md_root = np->mp_pgno;
		mc->mc_db->md_depth++;
		*mc->mc_dbflag |= DB_DIRTY;
		if ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & (MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_DUPFIXED))
			== MDB_DUPFIXED)
			np->mp_flags |= P_LEAF2;
		mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
	} else {
		/* make sure all cursor pages are writable */
		rc2 = mdb_cursor_touch(mc);
		if (rc2)
			return rc2;
	}

	insert_key = insert_data = rc;
	if (insert_key) {
		/* The key does not exist */
		DPRINTF(("inserting key at index %i", mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
		if ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) &&
			LEAFSIZE(key, data) > env->me_nodemax)
		{
			/* Too big for a node, insert in sub-DB.	Set up an empty
			 * "old sub-page" for prep_subDB to expand to a full page.
			 */
			fp_flags = P_LEAF;
			fp = env->me_pbuf;
			fp->mp_pad = data->mv_size; /* used if MDB_DUPFIXED */
			fp->mp_lower = fp->mp_upper = (PAGEHDRSZ-PAGEBASE);
			olddata.mv_size = PAGEHDRSZ;
			goto prep_subDB;
		}
	} else {
		/* there's only a key anyway, so this is a no-op */
		if (IS_LEAF2(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])) {
			char *ptr;
			unsigned int ksize = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
			if (key->mv_size != ksize)
				return MDB_BAD_VALSIZE;
			ptr = LEAF2KEY(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], ksize);
			memcpy(ptr, key->mv_data, ksize);
fix_parent:
			/* if overwriting slot 0 of leaf, need to
			 * update branch key if there is a parent page
			 */
			if (mc->mc_top && !mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]) {
				unsigned short dtop = 1;
				mc->mc_top--;
				/* slot 0 is always an empty key, find real slot */
				while (mc->mc_top && !mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]) {
					mc->mc_top--;
					dtop++;
				}
				if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top])
					rc2 = mdb_update_key(mc, key);
				else
					rc2 = MDB_SUCCESS;
				mc->mc_top += dtop;
				if (rc2)
					return rc2;
			}
			return MDB_SUCCESS;
		}

more:
		leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
		olddata.mv_size = NODEDSZ(leaf);
		olddata.mv_data = NODEDATA(leaf);

		/* DB has dups? */
		if (F_ISSET(mc->mc_db->md_flags, MDB_DUPSORT)) {
			/* Prepare (sub-)page/sub-DB to accept the new item,
			 * if needed.	fp: old sub-page or a header faking
			 * it.	mp: new (sub-)page.	offset: growth in page
			 * size.	xdata: node data with new page or DB.
			 */
			unsigned	i, offset = 0;
			mp = fp = xdata.mv_data = env->me_pbuf;
			mp->mp_pgno = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]->mp_pgno;
			mp->mp_txnid = mc->mc_txn->mt_txnid;

			/* Was a single item before, must convert now */
			if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
				MDB_cmp_func *dcmp;
				/* Just overwrite the current item */
				if (flags == MDB_CURRENT)
					goto current;
				dcmp = mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp;
				if (NEED_CMP_CLONG(dcmp, olddata.mv_size))
					dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
				/* does data match? */
				if (!dcmp(data, &olddata)) {
					if (flags & (MDB_NODUPDATA|MDB_APPENDDUP))
						return MDB_KEYEXIST;
					/* overwrite it */
					goto current;
				}

				/* Back up original data item */
				dkey.mv_size = olddata.mv_size;
				dkey.mv_data = memcpy(fp+1, olddata.mv_data, olddata.mv_size);

				/* Make sub-page header for the dup items, with dummy body */
				fp->mp_flags = P_LEAF|P_SUBP;
				fp->mp_lower = (PAGEHDRSZ-PAGEBASE);
				xdata.mv_size = PAGEHDRSZ + dkey.mv_size + data->mv_size;
				if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED) {
					fp->mp_flags |= P_LEAF2;
					fp->mp_pad = data->mv_size;
					xdata.mv_size += 2 * data->mv_size;	/* leave space for 2 more */
				} else {
					xdata.mv_size += 2 * (sizeof(indx_t) + NODESIZE) +
						(dkey.mv_size & 1) + (data->mv_size & 1);
				}
				fp->mp_upper = xdata.mv_size - PAGEBASE;
				olddata.mv_size = xdata.mv_size; /* pretend olddata is fp */
			} else if (leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
				/* Data is on sub-DB, just store it */
				flags |= F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA;
				goto put_sub;
			} else {
				/* Data is on sub-page */
				fp = olddata.mv_data;
				switch (flags) {
				default:
					if (!(mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED)) {
						offset = EVEN(NODESIZE + sizeof(indx_t) +
							data->mv_size);
						break;
					}
					offset = fp->mp_pad;
					if (SIZELEFT(fp) < offset) {
						offset *= 4; /* space for 4 more */
						break;
					}
					/* FALLTHRU */ /* Big enough MDB_DUPFIXED sub-page */
				case MDB_CURRENT:
					COPY_PGNO(fp->mp_pgno, mp->mp_pgno);
					mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = fp;
					flags |= F_DUPDATA;
					goto put_sub;
				}
				xdata.mv_size = olddata.mv_size + offset;
			}

			fp_flags = fp->mp_flags;
			if (NODESIZE + NODEKSZ(leaf) + xdata.mv_size > env->me_nodemax) {
					/* Too big for a sub-page, convert to sub-DB */
					fp_flags &= ~P_SUBP;
prep_subDB:
					if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED) {
						fp_flags |= P_LEAF2;
						dummy.md_pad = fp->mp_pad;
						dummy.md_flags = MDB_DUPFIXED;
						if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_INTEGERDUP)
							dummy.md_flags |= MDB_INTEGERKEY;
					} else {
						dummy.md_pad = 0;
						dummy.md_flags = 0;
					}
					dummy.md_depth = 1;
					dummy.md_branch_pages = 0;
					dummy.md_leaf_pages = 1;
					dummy.md_overflow_pages = 0;
					dummy.md_entries = NUMKEYS(fp);
					xdata.mv_size = sizeof(MDB_db);
					xdata.mv_data = &dummy;
					if ((rc = mdb_page_alloc(mc, 1, &mp)))
						return rc;
					fp_flags |= mp->mp_flags; /* P_ADM_FLAGS */
					offset = env->me_psize - olddata.mv_size;
					flags |= F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA;
					dummy.md_root = mp->mp_pgno;
					sub_root = mp;
			}
			if (mp != fp) {
				mp->mp_flags = fp_flags;
				mp->mp_pad	 = fp->mp_pad;
				mp->mp_lower = fp->mp_lower;
				mp->mp_upper = fp->mp_upper + offset;
				if (fp_flags & P_LEAF2) {
					memcpy(METADATA(mp), METADATA(fp), NUMKEYS(fp) * fp->mp_pad);
				} else {
					memcpy((char *)mp + mp->mp_upper + PAGEBASE, (char *)fp + fp->mp_upper + PAGEBASE,
						olddata.mv_size - fp->mp_upper - PAGEBASE);
					memcpy((char *)(&mp->mp_ptrs), (char *)(&fp->mp_ptrs), NUMKEYS(fp) * sizeof(mp->mp_ptrs[0]));
					for (i=0; i<NUMKEYS(fp); i++)
						mp->mp_ptrs[i] += offset;
				}
			}

			rdata = &xdata;
			flags |= F_DUPDATA;
			do_sub = 1;
			if (!insert_key)
				mdb_node_del(mc, 0);
			goto new_sub;
		}
current:
		/* LMDB passes F_SUBDATA in 'flags' to write a DB record */
		if ((leaf->mn_flags ^ flags) & F_SUBDATA)
			return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
		/* overflow page overwrites need special handling */
		if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA)) {
			MDB_page *omp;
			MDB_ovpage ovp;
			int ovpages, dpages = OVPAGES(data->mv_size, env->me_psize);

			memcpy(&ovp, olddata.mv_data, sizeof(ovp));
			if ((rc2 = MDB_PAGE_GET(mc, ovp.op_pgno, ovp.op_pages, &omp)) != 0)
				return rc2;
			ovpages = ovp.op_pages;

			/* Is the ov page big enough and from this txn (or a parent)? */
			if (ovpages >= dpages && IS_MUTABLE(mc->mc_txn, omp)) {
				/* yes, overwrite it. Note in this case we don't
				 * bother to try shrinking the page if the new data
				 * is smaller than the overflow threshold.
				 */
				if (!IS_WRITABLE(mc->mc_txn, omp)) {

					if (!IS_DIRTY_NW(mc->mc_txn, omp)) {
					rc = mdb_page_unspill(mc->mc_txn, omp, &omp);
					if (rc)
						return rc;
					} else {
					/* It is writable only in a parent txn */
					size_t sz = (size_t) env->me_psize * ovpages, off;
					MDB_page *np = mdb_page_malloc(mc->mc_txn, ovpages, 1);
					MDB_ID2 id2;
					if (!np)
						return ENOMEM;
					id2.mid = ovp.op_pgno;
					id2.mptr = np;
					/* Note - this page is already counted in parent's dirty_room */
					rc2 = mdb_mid2l_insert(mc->mc_txn->mt_u.dirty_list, &id2);
					mdb_cassert(mc, rc2 == 0);
					/* Currently we make the page look as with put() in the
					 * parent txn, in case the user peeks at MDB_RESERVEd
					 * or unused parts. Some users treat ovpages specially.
					 */
					if (!(flags & MDB_RESERVE)) {
						/* Skip the part where LMDB will put *data.
						 * Copy end of page, adjusting alignment so
						 * compiler may copy words instead of bytes.
						 */
						off = (PAGEHDRSZ + data->mv_size) & -sizeof(size_t);
						memcpy((size_t *)((char *)np + off),
							(size_t *)((char *)omp + off), sz - off);
						sz = PAGEHDRSZ;
					}
					memcpy(np, omp, sz); /* Copy beginning of page */
					SET_PGTXNID(mc->mc_txn, np);
					omp = np;
					}
				}
				SETDSZ(leaf, data->mv_size);
				if (F_ISSET(flags, MDB_RESERVE))
					data->mv_data = METADATA(omp);
				else
					memcpy(METADATA(omp), data->mv_data, data->mv_size);
				return MDB_SUCCESS;
			}
			if ((rc2 = mdb_ovpage_free(mc, omp)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
				return rc2;
		} else if (data->mv_size == olddata.mv_size) {
			/* same size, just replace it. Note that we could
			 * also reuse this node if the new data is smaller,
			 * but instead we opt to shrink the node in that case.
			 */
			if (F_ISSET(flags, MDB_RESERVE))
				data->mv_data = olddata.mv_data;
			else if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_SUB))
				memcpy(olddata.mv_data, data->mv_data, data->mv_size);
			else {
				memcpy(NODEKEY(leaf), key->mv_data, key->mv_size);
				goto fix_parent;
			}
			return MDB_SUCCESS;
		}
		mdb_node_del(mc, 0);
	}

	rdata = data;

new_sub:
	nflags = flags & NODE_ADD_FLAGS;
	nsize = IS_LEAF2(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) ? key->mv_size : mdb_leaf_size(env, key, rdata);
	if (SIZELEFT(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) < nsize) {
		if (( flags & (F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA)) == F_DUPDATA )
			nflags &= ~MDB_APPEND; /* sub-page may need room to grow */
		if (!insert_key)
			nflags |= MDB_SPLIT_REPLACE;
		rc = mdb_page_split(mc, key, rdata, P_INVALID, nflags);
	} else {
		/* There is room already in this leaf page. */
		rc = mdb_node_add(mc, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key, rdata, 0, nflags);
		if (rc == 0) {
			/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
			MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
			MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
			unsigned i = mc->mc_top;
			MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[i];

			for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
				if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
					m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
				else
					m3 = m2;
				if (m3 == mc || m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum || m3->mc_pg[i] != mp) continue;
				if (m3->mc_ki[i] >= mc->mc_ki[i] && insert_key) {
					m3->mc_ki[i]++;
				}
				XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, i, mp);
			}
		}
	}

	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
		/* Now store the actual data in the child DB. Note that we're
		 * storing the user data in the keys field, so there are strict
		 * size limits on dupdata. The actual data fields of the child
		 * DB are all zero size.
		 */
		if (do_sub) {
			int xflags, new_dupdata;
			mdb_size_t ecount;
put_sub:
			xdata.mv_size = 0;
			xdata.mv_data = "";
			leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
			if ((flags & (MDB_CURRENT|MDB_APPENDDUP)) == MDB_CURRENT) {
				xflags = MDB_CURRENT|MDB_NOSPILL;
			} else {
				if (!mc->mc_xcursor) {
					last_error = "Invalid dupdata flag with no mc_xcursor";
					return MDB_BAD_TXN;
				}
				mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
				xflags = (flags & MDB_NODUPDATA) ?
					MDB_NOOVERWRITE|MDB_NOSPILL : MDB_NOSPILL;
			}
			if (sub_root)
				mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = sub_root;
			new_dupdata = (int)dkey.mv_size;
			/* converted, write the original data first */
			if (dkey.mv_size) {
				rc = mdb_cursor_put(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, &dkey, &xdata, xflags);
				if (rc)
					goto bad_sub;
				/* we've done our job */
				dkey.mv_size = 0;
			}
			if (!(leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) || sub_root) {
				/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
				MDB_cursor *m2;
				MDB_xcursor *mx = mc->mc_xcursor;
				unsigned i = mc->mc_top;
				MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[i];

				for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
					if (m2 == mc || m2->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum) continue;
					if (!(m2->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) continue;
					if (m2->mc_pg[i] == mp) {
						if (m2->mc_ki[i] == mc->mc_ki[i]) {
							mdb_xcursor_init2(m2, mx, new_dupdata);
						} else if (!insert_key) {
							XCURSOR_REFRESH(m2, i, mp);
						}
					}
				}
			}
			ecount = mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db.md_entries;
			if (flags & MDB_APPENDDUP)
				xflags |= MDB_APPEND;
			rc = mdb_cursor_put(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, &xdata, xflags);
			if (flags & F_SUBDATA) {
				void *db = NODEDATA(leaf);
				memcpy(db, &mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db, sizeof(MDB_db));
			}
			insert_data = mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db.md_entries - ecount;
		}
		/* Increment count unless we just replaced an existing item. */
		if (insert_data)
			mc->mc_db->md_entries++;
		if (insert_key) {
			/* Invalidate txn if we created an empty sub-DB */
			if (rc)
				goto bad_sub;
			/* If we succeeded and the key didn't exist before,
			 * make sure the cursor is marked valid.
			 */
			mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
		}
		if (flags & MDB_MULTIPLE) {
			if (!rc) {
				mcount++;
				/* let caller know how many succeeded, if any */
				data[1].mv_size = mcount;
				if (mcount < dcount) {
					data[0].mv_data = (char *)data[0].mv_data + data[0].mv_size;
					insert_key = insert_data = 0;
					goto more;
				}
			}
		}
		return rc;
bad_sub:
		if (rc == MDB_KEYEXIST)	{/* should not happen, we deleted that item */
			last_error = "should not happen, we deleted that item";
			rc = MDB_PROBLEM;
		}
	}
	fprintf(stderr, "put failed bad_sub, %s\n", mdb_strerror(rc));
	mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
	return rc;
}

int
mdb_cursor_del(MDB_cursor *mc, unsigned int flags)
{
	MDB_node	*leaf;
	MDB_page	*mp;
	int rc;

	if (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_BLOCKED))
		return (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? EACCES : MDB_BAD_TXN;

	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
		return EINVAL;

	if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]))
		return MDB_NOTFOUND;

	if (!(flags & MDB_NOSPILL) && (rc = mdb_page_spill(mc, NULL, NULL)))
		return rc;

	rc = mdb_cursor_touch(mc);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
	if (!IS_LEAF(mp))
		return MDB_CORRUPTED;
	if (IS_LEAF2(mp))
		goto del_key;
	leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);

	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
		if (flags & MDB_NODUPDATA) {
			/* mdb_cursor_del0() will subtract the final entry */
			mc->mc_db->md_entries -= mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db.md_entries - 1;
			mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
		} else {
			if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_SUBDATA)) {
				mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = NODEDATA(leaf);
			}
			rc = mdb_cursor_del(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, MDB_NOSPILL);
			if (rc)
				return rc;
			/* If sub-DB still has entries, we're done */
			if (mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db.md_entries) {
				if (leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
					/* update subDB info */
					void *db = NODEDATA(leaf);
					memcpy(db, &mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db, sizeof(MDB_db));
				} else {
					MDB_cursor *m2;
					/* shrink fake page */
					mdb_node_shrink(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
					leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
					mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = NODEDATA(leaf);
					/* fix other sub-DB cursors pointed at fake pages on this page */
					for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
						if (m2 == mc || m2->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum) continue;
						if (!(m2->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) continue;
						if (m2->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp) {
							XCURSOR_REFRESH(m2, mc->mc_top, mp);
						}
					}
				}
				mc->mc_db->md_entries--;
				return rc;
			} else {
				mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
			}
			/* otherwise fall thru and delete the sub-DB */
		}

		if (leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
			/* add all the child DB's pages to the free list */
			rc = mdb_drop0(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, 0);
			if (rc)
				goto fail;
		}
	}
	/* LMDB passes F_SUBDATA in 'flags' to delete a DB record */
	else if ((leaf->mn_flags ^ flags) & F_SUBDATA) {
		rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
		goto fail;
	}

	/* add overflow pages to free list */
	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA)) {
		MDB_page *omp;
		MDB_ovpage ovp;

		memcpy(&ovp, NODEDATA(leaf), sizeof(ovp));
		if ((rc = MDB_PAGE_GET(mc, ovp.op_pgno, ovp.op_pages, &omp)) ||
			(rc = mdb_ovpage_free(mc, omp)))
			goto fail;
	}

del_key:
	return mdb_cursor_del0(mc);

fail:
fprintf(stderr, "del failed, %s\n", mdb_strerror(rc));
	mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
	return rc;
}

/** Allocate and initialize new pages for a database.
 * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
 * @param[in] mc a cursor on the database being added to.
 * @param[in] flags flags defining what type of page is being allocated.
 * @param[in] num the number of pages to allocate. This is usually 1,
 * unless allocating overflow pages for a large record.
 * @param[out] mp Address of a page, or NULL on failure.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_page_new(MDB_cursor *mc, uint32_t flags, int num, MDB_page **mp)
{
	MDB_page	*np;
	int rc;

	if ((rc = mdb_page_alloc(mc, num, &np)))
		return rc;
	DPRINTF(("allocated new mpage %"Yu", page size %u",
			np->mp_pgno, mc->mc_txn->mt_env->me_psize));
	np->mp_flags |= flags;
	np->mp_lower = (PAGEHDRSZ-PAGEBASE);
	np->mp_upper = mc->mc_txn->mt_env->me_psize - PAGEBASE;
#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
	np->mp_upper -= mc->mc_txn->mt_env->me_sumsize;
	np->mp_upper -= mc->mc_txn->mt_env->me_esumsize;
#endif

	if (IS_BRANCH(np))
		mc->mc_db->md_branch_pages++;
	else if (IS_LEAF(np))
		mc->mc_db->md_leaf_pages++;
	else if (IS_OVERFLOW(np)) {
		mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages += num;
		np->mp_pages = num;
	}
	*mp = np;

	return 0;
}

/** Calculate the size of a leaf node.
 * The size depends on the environment's page size; if a data item
 * is too large it will be put onto an overflow page and the node
 * size will only include the key and not the data. Sizes are always
 * rounded up to an even number of bytes, to guarantee 2-byte alignment
 * of the #MDB_node headers.
 * @param[in] env The environment handle.
 * @param[in] key The key for the node.
 * @param[in] data The data for the node.
 * @return The number of bytes needed to store the node.
 */
static size_t
mdb_leaf_size(MDB_env *env, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
{
	size_t		 sz;

	sz = LEAFSIZE(key, data);
	if (sz > env->me_nodemax) {
		/* put on overflow page */
		sz -= data->mv_size - sizeof(MDB_ovpage);
	}

	return EVEN(sz + sizeof(indx_t));
}

/** Calculate the size of a branch node.
 * The size should depend on the environment's page size but since
 * we currently don't support spilling large keys onto overflow
 * pages, it's simply the size of the #MDB_node header plus the
 * size of the key. Sizes are always rounded up to an even number
 * of bytes, to guarantee 2-byte alignment of the #MDB_node headers.
 * @param[in] env The environment handle.
 * @param[in] key The key for the node.
 * @return The number of bytes needed to store the node.
 */
static size_t
mdb_branch_size(MDB_env *env, MDB_val *key)
{
	size_t		 sz;

	sz = INDXSIZE(key);
	if (sz > env->me_nodemax) {
		/* put on overflow page */
		/* not implemented */
		/* sz -= key->size - sizeof(MDB_ovpage); */
	}

	return sz + sizeof(indx_t);
}

/** Add a node to the page pointed to by the cursor.
 * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
 * @param[in] mc The cursor for this operation.
 * @param[in] indx The index on the page where the new node should be added.
 * @param[in] key The key for the new node.
 * @param[in] data The data for the new node, if any.
 * @param[in] pgno The page number, if adding a branch node.
 * @param[in] flags Flags for the node.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure. Possible errors are:
 * <ul>
 *	<li>ENOMEM - failed to allocate overflow pages for the node.
 *	<li>MDB_PAGE_FULL - there is insufficient room in the page. This error
 *	should never happen since all callers already calculate the
 *	page's free space before calling this function.
 * </ul>
 */
static int
mdb_node_add(MDB_cursor *mc, indx_t indx,
		MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, pgno_t pgno, unsigned int flags)
{
	unsigned int	 i;
	size_t		 node_size = NODESIZE;
	ssize_t		 room;
	indx_t		 ofs;
	MDB_node	*node;
	MDB_page	*mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
	MDB_page	*ofp = NULL;		/* overflow page */
	void		*ndata;
	DKBUF;

	mdb_cassert(mc, mp->mp_upper >= mp->mp_lower);

	DPRINTF(("add to %s %spage %"Yu" index %i, data size %"Z"u key size %"Z"u [%s]",
			IS_LEAF(mp) ? "leaf" : "branch",
		IS_SUBP(mp) ? "sub-" : "",
		mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), indx, data ? data->mv_size : 0,
		key ? key->mv_size : 0, key ? DKEY(key) : "null"));

	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
		/* Move higher keys up one slot. */
		int ksize = mc->mc_db->md_pad, dif;
		char *ptr = LEAF2KEY(mp, indx, ksize);
		dif = NUMKEYS(mp) - indx;
		if (dif > 0)
			memmove(ptr+ksize, ptr, dif*ksize);
		/* insert new key */
		memcpy(ptr, key->mv_data, ksize);

		/* Just using these for counting */
		mp->mp_lower += sizeof(indx_t);
		mp->mp_upper -= ksize - sizeof(indx_t);
		return MDB_SUCCESS;
	}

	room = (ssize_t)SIZELEFT(mp) - (ssize_t)sizeof(indx_t);
	if (key != NULL)
		node_size += key->mv_size;
	if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
		mdb_cassert(mc, key && data);
		if (F_ISSET(flags, F_BIGDATA)) {
			/* Data already on overflow page. */
			node_size += sizeof(MDB_ovpage);
		} else if (node_size + data->mv_size > mc->mc_txn->mt_env->me_nodemax) {
			int ovpages = OVPAGES(data->mv_size, mc->mc_txn->mt_env->me_psize);
			int rc;
			/* Put data on overflow page. */
			DPRINTF(("data size is %"Z"u, node would be %"Z"u, put data on overflow page",
					data->mv_size, node_size+data->mv_size));
			node_size = EVEN(node_size + sizeof(MDB_ovpage));
			if ((ssize_t)node_size > room)
				goto full;
			if ((rc = mdb_page_new(mc, P_OVERFLOW, ovpages, &ofp)))
				return rc;
			DPRINTF(("allocated overflow page %"Yu, ofp->mp_pgno));
			flags |= F_BIGDATA;
			goto update;
		} else {
			node_size += data->mv_size;
		}
	}
	node_size = EVEN(node_size);
	if ((ssize_t)node_size > room)
		goto full;

update:
	/* Move higher pointers up one slot. */
	for (i = NUMKEYS(mp); i > indx; i--)
		mp->mp_ptrs[i] = mp->mp_ptrs[i - 1];

	/* Adjust free space offsets. */
	ofs = mp->mp_upper - node_size;
	mdb_cassert(mc, ofs >= mp->mp_lower + sizeof(indx_t));
	mp->mp_ptrs[indx] = ofs;
	mp->mp_upper = ofs;
	mp->mp_lower += sizeof(indx_t);

	/* Write the node data. */
	node = NODEPTR(mp, indx);
	node->mn_ksize = (key == NULL) ? 0 : key->mv_size;
	node->mn_flags = flags;
	if (IS_LEAF(mp))
		SETDSZ(node,data->mv_size);
	else
		SETPGNO(node,pgno);

	if (key)
		memcpy(NODEKEY(node), key->mv_data, key->mv_size);

	if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
		ndata = NODEDATA(node);
		if (ofp == NULL) {
			if (F_ISSET(flags, F_BIGDATA))
				memcpy(ndata, data->mv_data, sizeof(MDB_ovpage));
			else if (F_ISSET(flags, MDB_RESERVE))
				data->mv_data = ndata;
			else
				memcpy(ndata, data->mv_data, data->mv_size);
		} else {
			MDB_ovpage ovp;
			ovp.op_pgno = ofp->mp_pgno;
			ovp.op_txnid = mc->mc_txn->mt_txnid;
			ovp.op_pages = ofp->mp_pages;
			memcpy(ndata, &ovp, sizeof(MDB_ovpage));
			ndata = METADATA(ofp);
			if (F_ISSET(flags, MDB_RESERVE))
				data->mv_data = ndata;
			else
				memcpy(ndata, data->mv_data, data->mv_size);
		}
	}

	return MDB_SUCCESS;

full:
	DPRINTF(("not enough room in page %"Yu", got %u ptrs",
		mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), NUMKEYS(mp)));
	DPRINTF(("upper-lower = %u - %u = %"Z"d", mp->mp_upper,mp->mp_lower,room));
	DPRINTF(("node size = %"Z"u", node_size));
	fprintf(stderr, "mdb_node_add: no room in page, got %u ptrs, %u - %u = %d, node size = %u\n",
		NUMKEYS(mp), mp->mp_upper, mp->mp_lower, room, node_size);
	mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
	return MDB_PAGE_FULL;
}

/** Delete the specified node from a page.
 * @param[in] mc Cursor pointing to the node to delete.
 * @param[in] ksize The size of a node. Only used if the page is
 * part of a #MDB_DUPFIXED database.
 */
static void
mdb_node_del(MDB_cursor *mc, int ksize)
{
	MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
	indx_t	indx = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
	unsigned int	 sz;
	indx_t		 i, j, numkeys, ptr;
	MDB_node	*node;
	char		*base;

	DPRINTF(("delete node %u on %s page %"Yu, indx,
			IS_LEAF(mp) ? "leaf" : "branch", mdb_dbg_pgno(mp)));
	numkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
	mdb_cassert(mc, indx < numkeys);

	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
		int x = numkeys - 1 - indx;
		base = LEAF2KEY(mp, indx, ksize);
		if (x)
			memmove(base, base + ksize, x * ksize);
		mp->mp_lower -= sizeof(indx_t);
		mp->mp_upper += ksize - sizeof(indx_t);
		return;
	}

	node = NODEPTR(mp, indx);
	sz = NODESIZE + node->mn_ksize;
	if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
		if (F_ISSET(node->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA))
			sz += sizeof(MDB_ovpage);
		else
			sz += NODEDSZ(node);
	}
	sz = EVEN(sz);

	ptr = mp->mp_ptrs[indx];
	for (i = j = 0; i < numkeys; i++) {
		if (i != indx) {
			mp->mp_ptrs[j] = mp->mp_ptrs[i];
			if (mp->mp_ptrs[i] < ptr)
				mp->mp_ptrs[j] += sz;
			j++;
		}
	}

	base = (char *)mp + mp->mp_upper + PAGEBASE;
	memmove(base + sz, base, ptr - mp->mp_upper);

	mp->mp_lower -= sizeof(indx_t);
	mp->mp_upper += sz;
}

/** Compact the main page after deleting a node on a subpage.
 * @param[in] mp The main page to operate on.
 * @param[in] indx The index of the subpage on the main page.
 */
static void
mdb_node_shrink(MDB_page *mp, indx_t indx)
{
	MDB_node *node;
	MDB_page *sp, *xp;
	char *base;
	indx_t delta, nsize, len, ptr;
	int i;

	node = NODEPTR(mp, indx);
	sp = (MDB_page *)NODEDATA(node);
	delta = SIZELEFT(sp);
	nsize = NODEDSZ(node) - delta;

	/* Prepare to shift upward, set len = length(subpage part to shift) */
	if (IS_LEAF2(sp)) {
		len = nsize;
		if (nsize & 1)
			return;		/* do not make the node uneven-sized */
	} else {
		xp = (MDB_page *)((char *)sp + delta); /* destination subpage */
		for (i = NUMKEYS(sp); --i >= 0; )
			xp->mp_ptrs[i] = sp->mp_ptrs[i] - delta;
		len = PAGEHDRSZ;
	}
	sp->mp_upper = sp->mp_lower;
	COPY_PGNO(sp->mp_pgno, mp->mp_pgno);
	SETDSZ(node, nsize);

	/* Shift <lower nodes...initial part of subpage> upward */
	base = (char *)mp + mp->mp_upper + PAGEBASE;
	memmove(base + delta, base, (char *)sp + len - base);

	ptr = mp->mp_ptrs[indx];
	for (i = NUMKEYS(mp); --i >= 0; ) {
		if (mp->mp_ptrs[i] <= ptr)
			mp->mp_ptrs[i] += delta;
	}
	mp->mp_upper += delta;
}

/** Initial setup of a sorted-dups cursor.
 * Sorted duplicates are implemented as a sub-database for the given key.
 * The duplicate data items are actually keys of the sub-database.
 * Operations on the duplicate data items are performed using a sub-cursor
 * initialized when the sub-database is first accessed. This function does
 * the preliminary setup of the sub-cursor, filling in the fields that
 * depend only on the parent DB.
 * @param[in] mc The main cursor whose sorted-dups cursor is to be initialized.
 */
static void
mdb_xcursor_init0(MDB_cursor *mc)
{
	MDB_xcursor *mx = mc->mc_xcursor;

	mx->mx_cursor.mc_xcursor = NULL;
	mx->mx_cursor.mc_txn = mc->mc_txn;
	mx->mx_cursor.mc_db = &mx->mx_db;
	mx->mx_cursor.mc_dbx = &mx->mx_dbx;
	mx->mx_cursor.mc_dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
	mx->mx_cursor.mc_dbflag = &mx->mx_dbflag;
	mx->mx_cursor.mc_snum = 0;
	mx->mx_cursor.mc_top = 0;
	MC_SET_OVPG(&mx->mx_cursor, NULL);
	mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags = C_SUB | (mc->mc_flags & (C_ORIG_RDONLY|C_WRITEMAP));
	mx->mx_dbx.md_name.mv_size = 0;
	mx->mx_dbx.md_name.mv_data = NULL;
	mx->mx_dbx.md_cmp = mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp;
	mx->mx_dbx.md_dcmp = NULL;
	mx->mx_dbx.md_rel = mc->mc_dbx->md_rel;
}

/** Final setup of a sorted-dups cursor.
 *	Sets up the fields that depend on the data from the main cursor.
 * @param[in] mc The main cursor whose sorted-dups cursor is to be initialized.
 * @param[in] node The data containing the #MDB_db record for the
 * sorted-dup database.
 */
static void
mdb_xcursor_init1(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_node *node)
{
	MDB_xcursor *mx = mc->mc_xcursor;

	mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= C_SUB|C_ORIG_RDONLY|C_WRITEMAP;
	if (node->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
		memcpy(&mx->mx_db, NODEDATA(node), sizeof(MDB_db));
		mx->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = 0;
		mx->mx_cursor.mc_snum = 0;
		mx->mx_cursor.mc_top = 0;
	} else {
		MDB_page *fp = NODEDATA(node);
		mx->mx_db.md_pad = 0;
		mx->mx_db.md_flags = 0;
		mx->mx_db.md_depth = 1;
		mx->mx_db.md_branch_pages = 0;
		mx->mx_db.md_leaf_pages = 1;
		mx->mx_db.md_overflow_pages = 0;
		mx->mx_db.md_entries = NUMKEYS(fp);
		COPY_PGNO(mx->mx_db.md_root, fp->mp_pgno);
		mx->mx_cursor.mc_snum = 1;
		mx->mx_cursor.mc_top = 0;
		mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
		mx->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = fp;
		mx->mx_cursor.mc_ki[0] = 0;
		if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED) {
			mx->mx_db.md_flags = MDB_DUPFIXED;
			mx->mx_db.md_pad = fp->mp_pad;
			if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_INTEGERDUP)
				mx->mx_db.md_flags |= MDB_INTEGERKEY;
		}
	}
	DPRINTF(("Sub-db -%u root page %"Yu, mx->mx_cursor.mc_dbi,
		mx->mx_db.md_root));
	mx->mx_dbflag = DB_VALID|DB_USRVALID|DB_DUPDATA;
	if (NEED_CMP_CLONG(mx->mx_dbx.md_cmp, mx->mx_db.md_pad))
		mx->mx_dbx.md_cmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
}


/** Fixup a sorted-dups cursor due to underlying update.
 *	Sets up some fields that depend on the data from the main cursor.
 *	Almost the same as init1, but skips initialization steps if the
 *	xcursor had already been used.
 * @param[in] mc The main cursor whose sorted-dups cursor is to be fixed up.
 * @param[in] src_mx The xcursor of an up-to-date cursor.
 * @param[in] new_dupdata True if converting from a non-#F_DUPDATA item.
 */
static void
mdb_xcursor_init2(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_xcursor *src_mx, int new_dupdata)
{
	MDB_xcursor *mx = mc->mc_xcursor;

	if (new_dupdata) {
		mx->mx_cursor.mc_snum = 1;
		mx->mx_cursor.mc_top = 0;
		mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
		mx->mx_cursor.mc_ki[0] = 0;
		mx->mx_dbflag = DB_VALID|DB_USRVALID|DB_DUPDATA;
#if UINT_MAX < MDB_SIZE_MAX	/* matches mdb_xcursor_init1:NEED_CMP_CLONG() */
		mx->mx_dbx.md_cmp = src_mx->mx_dbx.md_cmp;
#endif
	} else if (!(mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
		return;
	}
	mx->mx_db = src_mx->mx_db;
	mx->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = src_mx->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0];
	DPRINTF(("Sub-db -%u root page %"Yu, mx->mx_cursor.mc_dbi,
		mx->mx_db.md_root));
}

/** Initialize a cursor for a given transaction and database. */
static void
mdb_cursor_init(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_xcursor *mx)
{
	mc->mc_next = NULL;
	mc->mc_backup = NULL;
	mc->mc_dbi = dbi;
	mc->mc_txn = txn;
	mc->mc_db = &txn->mt_dbs[dbi];
	mc->mc_dbx = &txn->mt_dbxs[dbi];
	mc->mc_dbflag = &txn->mt_dbflags[dbi];
	mc->mc_snum = 0;
	mc->mc_top = 0;
	mc->mc_pg[0] = 0;
	mc->mc_ki[0] = 0;
	MC_SET_OVPG(mc, NULL);
	mc->mc_flags = txn->mt_flags & (C_ORIG_RDONLY|C_WRITEMAP);
	if (txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
		mdb_tassert(txn, mx != NULL);
		mc->mc_xcursor = mx;
		mdb_xcursor_init0(mc);
	} else {
		mc->mc_xcursor = NULL;
	}
	if (*mc->mc_dbflag & DB_STALE) {
		mdb_page_search(mc, NULL, MDB_PS_ROOTONLY);
	}
}

int
mdb_cursor_open(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_cursor **ret)
{
	MDB_cursor	*mc;
	size_t size = sizeof(MDB_cursor);

	if (!ret || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_VALID))
		return EINVAL;

	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
		return MDB_BAD_TXN;

	if (dbi == FREE_DBI && !F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY))
		return EINVAL;

	if (txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT)
		size += sizeof(MDB_xcursor);

	if ((mc = malloc(size)) != NULL) {
		mdb_cursor_init(mc, txn, dbi, (MDB_xcursor *)(mc + 1));
		if (txn->mt_cursors) {
			mc->mc_next = txn->mt_cursors[dbi];
			txn->mt_cursors[dbi] = mc;
			mc->mc_flags |= C_UNTRACK;
		}
	} else {
		return ENOMEM;
	}

	*ret = mc;

	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int
mdb_cursor_renew(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_cursor *mc)
{
	if (!mc || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, mc->mc_dbi, DB_VALID))
		return EINVAL;

	if ((mc->mc_flags & C_UNTRACK) || txn->mt_cursors)
		return EINVAL;

	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
		return MDB_BAD_TXN;

	mdb_cursor_init(mc, txn, mc->mc_dbi, mc->mc_xcursor);
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

/* Return the count of duplicate data items for the current key */
int
mdb_cursor_count(MDB_cursor *mc, mdb_size_t *countp)
{
	MDB_node	*leaf;

	if (mc == NULL || countp == NULL)
		return EINVAL;

	if (mc->mc_xcursor == NULL)
		return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;

	if (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
		return MDB_BAD_TXN;

	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
		return EINVAL;

	if (!mc->mc_snum)
		return MDB_NOTFOUND;

	if (mc->mc_flags & C_EOF) {
		if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]))
			return MDB_NOTFOUND;
		mc->mc_flags ^= C_EOF;
	}

	leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
	if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
		*countp = 1;
	} else {
		if (!(mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
			return EINVAL;

		*countp = mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db.md_entries;
	}
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

void
mdb_cursor_close(MDB_cursor *mc)
{
	if (mc) {
		if (!mc->mc_txn || !mc->mc_txn->mt_env) {
	        fprintf(stderr, "cursor_close: mc->mc_txn or mc->mc_txn->mt_env is NULL, ensure that cursors are closed before the transaction is closed\n");
			free(mc);
			return;
        }
		MDB_CURSOR_UNREF(mc, 0);
	}
	if (mc && !mc->mc_backup) {
		/* Remove from txn, if tracked.
		 * A read-only txn (!C_UNTRACK) may have been freed already,
		 * so do not peek inside it.	Only write txns track cursors.
		 */
		if ((mc->mc_flags & C_UNTRACK) && mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors) {
			MDB_cursor **prev = &mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi];
			while (*prev && *prev != mc) prev = &(*prev)->mc_next;
			if (*prev == mc)
				*prev = mc->mc_next;
		}
		free(mc);
	}
}

MDB_txn *
mdb_cursor_txn(MDB_cursor *mc)
{
	if (!mc) return NULL;
	return mc->mc_txn;
}

MDB_dbi
mdb_cursor_dbi(MDB_cursor *mc)
{
	return mc->mc_dbi;
}

int
mdb_cursor_is_db(MDB_cursor *mc)
{

	if (mc && (mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) && mc->mc_snum) {
		MDB_node *leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
		if ((leaf->mn_flags & (F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA)) == F_SUBDATA)
			return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

/** Replace the key for a branch node with a new key.
 * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
 * @param[in] mc Cursor pointing to the node to operate on.
 * @param[in] key The new key to use.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_update_key(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key)
{
	MDB_page		*mp;
	MDB_node		*node;
	char			*base;
	size_t			 len;
	int				 delta, ksize, oksize;
	indx_t			 ptr, i, numkeys, indx;
	DKBUF;

	indx = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
	node = NODEPTR(mp, indx);
	ptr = mp->mp_ptrs[indx];
#if MDB_DEBUG
	{
		MDB_val	k2;
		char kbuf2[DKBUF_MAXKEYSIZE*2+1];
		k2.mv_data = NODEKEY(node);
		k2.mv_size = node->mn_ksize;
		DPRINTF(("update key %u (ofs %u) [%s] to [%s] on page %"Yu,
			indx, ptr,
			mdb_dkey(&k2, kbuf2),
			DKEY(key),
			mp->mp_pgno));
	}
#endif

	/* Sizes must be 2-byte aligned. */
	ksize = EVEN(key->mv_size);
	oksize = EVEN(node->mn_ksize);
	delta = ksize - oksize;

	/* Shift node contents if EVEN(key length) changed. */
	if (delta) {
		if (delta > 0 && SIZELEFT(mp) < delta) {
			pgno_t pgno;
			/* not enough space left, do a delete and split */
			DPRINTF(("Not enough room, delta = %d, splitting...", delta));
			pgno = NODEPGNO(node);
			mdb_node_del(mc, 0);
			return mdb_page_split(mc, key, NULL, pgno, MDB_SPLIT_REPLACE);
		}

		numkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
		for (i = 0; i < numkeys; i++) {
			if (mp->mp_ptrs[i] <= ptr)
				mp->mp_ptrs[i] -= delta;
		}

		base = (char *)mp + mp->mp_upper + PAGEBASE;
		len = ptr - mp->mp_upper + NODESIZE;
		memmove(base - delta, base, len);
		mp->mp_upper -= delta;

		node = NODEPTR(mp, indx);
	}

	/* But even if no shift was needed, update ksize */
	if (node->mn_ksize != key->mv_size)
		node->mn_ksize = key->mv_size;

	if (key->mv_size)
		memcpy(NODEKEY(node), key->mv_data, key->mv_size);

	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

static void
mdb_cursor_copy(const MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst);

/** Perform \b act while tracking temporary cursor \b mn */
#define WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mn, act) do { \
	MDB_cursor dummy, *tracked, **tp = &(mn).mc_txn->mt_cursors[mn.mc_dbi]; \
	if ((mn).mc_flags & C_SUB) { \
		dummy.mc_flags =	C_INITIALIZED; \
		dummy.mc_xcursor = (MDB_xcursor *)&(mn);	\
		tracked = &dummy; \
	} else { \
		tracked = &(mn); \
	} \
	tracked->mc_next = *tp; \
	*tp = tracked; \
	{ act; } \
	*tp = tracked->mc_next; \
} while (0)

/** Move a node from csrc to cdst.
 */
static int
mdb_node_move(MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst, int fromleft)
{
	MDB_node		*srcnode;
	MDB_val		 key, data;
	pgno_t	srcpg;
	MDB_cursor mn;
	int			 rc;
	unsigned short flags;

	DKBUF;

	/* Mark src and dst as dirty. */
	if ((rc = mdb_page_touch(csrc)) ||
			(rc = mdb_page_touch(cdst)))
		return rc;
	if (IS_LEAF2(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
		key.mv_size = csrc->mc_db->md_pad;
		key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top], key.mv_size);
		data.mv_size = 0;
		data.mv_data = NULL;
		srcpg = 0;
		flags = 0;
	} else {
		srcnode = NODEPTR(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]);
		mdb_cassert(csrc, !((size_t)srcnode & 1));
		srcpg = NODEPGNO(srcnode);
		flags = srcnode->mn_flags;
		if (csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] == 0 && IS_BRANCH(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
			unsigned int snum = csrc->mc_snum;
			MDB_node *s2;
			/* must find the lowest key below src */
			rc = mdb_page_search_lowest(csrc);
			if (rc)
				return rc;
			if (IS_LEAF2(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
				key.mv_size = csrc->mc_db->md_pad;
				key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], 0, key.mv_size);
			} else {
				s2 = NODEPTR(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], 0);
				key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(s2);
				key.mv_data = NODEKEY(s2);
			}
			csrc->mc_snum = snum--;
			csrc->mc_top = snum;
		} else {
			key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(srcnode);
			key.mv_data = NODEKEY(srcnode);
		}
		data.mv_size = NODEDSZ(srcnode);
		data.mv_data = NODEDATA(srcnode);
	}
	mn.mc_xcursor = NULL;
	if (IS_BRANCH(cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top]) && cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top] == 0) {
		unsigned int snum = cdst->mc_snum;
		MDB_node *s2;
		MDB_val bkey;
		/* must find the lowest key below dst */
		mdb_cursor_copy(cdst, &mn);
		rc = mdb_page_search_lowest(&mn);
		if (rc)
			return rc;
		if (IS_LEAF2(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top])) {
			bkey.mv_size = mn.mc_db->md_pad;
			bkey.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top], 0, bkey.mv_size);
		} else {
			s2 = NODEPTR(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top], 0);
			bkey.mv_size = NODEKSZ(s2);
			bkey.mv_data = NODEKEY(s2);
		}
		mn.mc_snum = snum--;
		mn.mc_top = snum;
		mn.mc_ki[snum] = 0;
		rc = mdb_update_key(&mn, &bkey);
		if (rc)
			return rc;
	}

	DPRINTF(("moving %s node %u [%s] on page %"Yu" to node %u on page %"Yu,
			IS_LEAF(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top]) ? "leaf" : "branch",
			csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top],
		DKEY(&key),
			csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top]->mp_pgno,
			cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top], cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top]->mp_pgno));

	/* Add the node to the destination page.
	 */
	rc = mdb_node_add(cdst, cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top], &key, &data, srcpg, flags);
	if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
		return rc;

	/* Delete the node from the source page.
	 */
	mdb_node_del(csrc, key.mv_size);

	{
		/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
		MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
		MDB_dbi dbi = csrc->mc_dbi;
		MDB_page *mpd, *mps;

		mps = csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top];
		/* If we're adding on the left, bump others up */
		if (fromleft) {
			mpd = cdst->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top];
			for (m2 = csrc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
				if (csrc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
					m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
				else
					m3 = m2;
				if (!(m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) || m3->mc_top < csrc->mc_top)
					continue;
				if (m3 != cdst &&
					m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top] == mpd &&
					m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] >= cdst->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]) {
					m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]++;
				}
				if (m3 !=csrc &&
					m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top] == mps &&
					m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] == csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]) {
					m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top] = cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top];
					m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] = cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top];
					m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top-1]++;
				}
				if (IS_LEAF(mps))
					XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, csrc->mc_top, m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top]);
			}
		} else
		/* Adding on the right, bump others down */
		{
			for (m2 = csrc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
				if (csrc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
					m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
				else
					m3 = m2;
				if (m3 == csrc) continue;
				if (!(m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) || m3->mc_top < csrc->mc_top)
					continue;
				if (m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top] == mps) {
					if (!m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]) {
						m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top] = cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top];
						m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] = cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top];
						m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top-1]--;
					} else {
						m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]--;
					}
					if (IS_LEAF(mps))
						XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, csrc->mc_top, m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top]);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/* Update the parent separators.
	 */
	if (csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] == 0) {
		if (csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top-1] != 0) {
			if (IS_LEAF2(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
				key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], 0, key.mv_size);
			} else {
				srcnode = NODEPTR(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], 0);
				key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(srcnode);
				key.mv_data = NODEKEY(srcnode);
			}
			DPRINTF(("update separator for source page %"Yu" to [%s]",
				csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top]->mp_pgno, DKEY(&key)));
			mdb_cursor_copy(csrc, &mn);
			mn.mc_snum--;
			mn.mc_top--;
			/* We want mdb_rebalance to find mn when doing fixups */
			WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mn,
				rc = mdb_update_key(&mn, &key));
			if (rc)
				return rc;
		}
		if (IS_BRANCH(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
			MDB_val	 nullkey;
			indx_t	ix = csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top];
			nullkey.mv_size = 0;
			csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] = 0;
			rc = mdb_update_key(csrc, &nullkey);
			csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] = ix;
			mdb_cassert(csrc, rc == MDB_SUCCESS);
		}
	}

	if (cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top] == 0) {
		if (cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top-1] != 0) {
			if (IS_LEAF2(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
				key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top], 0, key.mv_size);
			} else {
				srcnode = NODEPTR(cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top], 0);
				key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(srcnode);
				key.mv_data = NODEKEY(srcnode);
			}
			DPRINTF(("update separator for destination page %"Yu" to [%s]",
				cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top]->mp_pgno, DKEY(&key)));
			mdb_cursor_copy(cdst, &mn);
			mn.mc_snum--;
			mn.mc_top--;
			/* We want mdb_rebalance to find mn when doing fixups */
			WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mn,
				rc = mdb_update_key(&mn, &key));
			if (rc)
				return rc;
		}
		if (IS_BRANCH(cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top])) {
			MDB_val	 nullkey;
			indx_t	ix = cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top];
			nullkey.mv_size = 0;
			cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top] = 0;
			rc = mdb_update_key(cdst, &nullkey);
			cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top] = ix;
			mdb_cassert(cdst, rc == MDB_SUCCESS);
		}
	}

	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

/** Merge one page into another.
 *	The nodes from the page pointed to by \b csrc will
 *	be copied to the page pointed to by \b cdst and then
 *	the \b csrc page will be freed.
 * @param[in] csrc Cursor pointing to the source page.
 * @param[in] cdst Cursor pointing to the destination page.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_page_merge(MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst)
{
	MDB_page	*psrc, *pdst;
	MDB_node	*srcnode;
	MDB_val		 key, data;
	unsigned	 nkeys;
	int			 rc;
	indx_t		 i, j;

	psrc = csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top];
	pdst = cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top];

	DPRINTF(("merging page %"Yu" into %"Yu, psrc->mp_pgno, pdst->mp_pgno));

	mdb_cassert(csrc, csrc->mc_snum > 1);	/* can't merge root page */
	mdb_cassert(csrc, cdst->mc_snum > 1);

	/* Mark dst as dirty. */
	if ((rc = mdb_page_touch(cdst)))
		return rc;

	/* get dst page again now that we've touched it. */
	pdst = cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top];

	/* Move all nodes from src to dst.
	 */
	j = nkeys = NUMKEYS(pdst);
	if (IS_LEAF2(psrc)) {
		key.mv_size = csrc->mc_db->md_pad;
		key.mv_data = METADATA(psrc);
		for (i = 0; i < NUMKEYS(psrc); i++, j++) {
			rc = mdb_node_add(cdst, j, &key, NULL, 0, 0);
			if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
				return rc;
			key.mv_data = (char *)key.mv_data + key.mv_size;
		}
	} else {
		for (i = 0; i < NUMKEYS(psrc); i++, j++) {
			srcnode = NODEPTR(psrc, i);
			if (i == 0 && IS_BRANCH(psrc)) {
				MDB_cursor mn;
				MDB_node *s2;
				mdb_cursor_copy(csrc, &mn);
				mn.mc_xcursor = NULL;
				/* must find the lowest key below src */
				rc = mdb_page_search_lowest(&mn);
				if (rc)
					return rc;
				if (IS_LEAF2(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top])) {
					key.mv_size = mn.mc_db->md_pad;
					key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top], 0, key.mv_size);
				} else {
					s2 = NODEPTR(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top], 0);
					key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(s2);
					key.mv_data = NODEKEY(s2);
				}
			} else {
				key.mv_size = srcnode->mn_ksize;
				key.mv_data = NODEKEY(srcnode);
			}

			data.mv_size = NODEDSZ(srcnode);
			data.mv_data = NODEDATA(srcnode);
			rc = mdb_node_add(cdst, j, &key, &data, NODEPGNO(srcnode), srcnode->mn_flags);
			if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
				return rc;
		}
	}

	DPRINTF(("dst page %"Yu" now has %u keys (%.1f%% filled)",
			pdst->mp_pgno, NUMKEYS(pdst),
		(float)PAGEFILL(cdst->mc_txn->mt_env, pdst) / 10));

	/* Unlink the src page from parent and add to free list.
	 */
	csrc->mc_top--;
	mdb_node_del(csrc, 0);
	if (csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] == 0) {
		key.mv_size = 0;
		rc = mdb_update_key(csrc, &key);
		if (rc) {
			csrc->mc_top++;
			return rc;
		}
	}
	csrc->mc_top++;

	psrc = csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top];
	/* If not operating on FreeDB, allow this page to be reused
	 * in this txn. Otherwise just add to free list.
	 */
	rc = mdb_page_loose(csrc, psrc);
	if (rc)
		return rc;
	if (IS_LEAF(psrc))
		csrc->mc_db->md_leaf_pages--;
	else
		csrc->mc_db->md_branch_pages--;
	{
		/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
		MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
		MDB_dbi dbi = csrc->mc_dbi;
		unsigned int top = csrc->mc_top;

		for (m2 = csrc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
			if (csrc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
				m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
			else
				m3 = m2;
			if (m3 == csrc) continue;
			if (m3->mc_snum < csrc->mc_snum) continue;
			if (m3->mc_pg[top] == psrc) {
				m3->mc_pg[top] = pdst;
				m3->mc_ki[top] += nkeys;
				m3->mc_ki[top-1] = cdst->mc_ki[top-1];
			} else if (m3->mc_pg[top-1] == csrc->mc_pg[top-1] &&
				m3->mc_ki[top-1] > csrc->mc_ki[top-1]) {
				m3->mc_ki[top-1]--;
			}
			if (IS_LEAF(psrc))
				XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, top, m3->mc_pg[top]);
		}
	}
	{
		unsigned int snum = cdst->mc_snum;
		uint16_t depth = cdst->mc_db->md_depth;
		mdb_cursor_pop(cdst);
		rc = mdb_rebalance(cdst);
		/* Did the tree height change? */
		if (depth != cdst->mc_db->md_depth)
			snum += cdst->mc_db->md_depth - depth;
		cdst->mc_snum = snum;
		cdst->mc_top = snum-1;
	}
	return rc;
}

/** Copy the contents of a cursor.
 * @param[in] csrc The cursor to copy from.
 * @param[out] cdst The cursor to copy to.
 */
static void
mdb_cursor_copy(const MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst)
{
	unsigned int i;

	cdst->mc_txn = csrc->mc_txn;
	cdst->mc_dbi = csrc->mc_dbi;
	cdst->mc_db	= csrc->mc_db;
	cdst->mc_dbx = csrc->mc_dbx;
	cdst->mc_snum = csrc->mc_snum;
	cdst->mc_top = csrc->mc_top;
	cdst->mc_flags = csrc->mc_flags;
	MC_SET_OVPG(cdst, MC_OVPG(csrc));

	for (i=0; i<csrc->mc_snum; i++) {
		cdst->mc_pg[i] = csrc->mc_pg[i];
		cdst->mc_ki[i] = csrc->mc_ki[i];
	}
}

/** Rebalance the tree after a delete operation.
 * @param[in] mc Cursor pointing to the page where rebalancing
 * should begin.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_rebalance(MDB_cursor *mc)
{
	MDB_node	*node;
	int rc, fromleft;
	unsigned int ptop, minkeys, thresh;
	MDB_cursor	mn;
	indx_t oldki;

	if (IS_BRANCH(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])) {
		minkeys = 2;
		thresh = 1;
	} else {
		minkeys = 1;
		thresh = FILL_THRESHOLD;
	}
	DPRINTF(("rebalancing %s page %"Yu" (has %u keys, %.1f%% full)",
			IS_LEAF(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) ? "leaf" : "branch",
			mdb_dbg_pgno(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]), NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]),
		(float)PAGEFILL(mc->mc_txn->mt_env, mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) / 10));

	if (PAGEFILL(mc->mc_txn->mt_env, mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) >= thresh &&
		NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) >= minkeys) {
		DPRINTF(("no need to rebalance page %"Yu", above fill threshold",
				mdb_dbg_pgno(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])));
		return MDB_SUCCESS;
	}

	if (mc->mc_snum < 2) {
		MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[0];
		if (IS_SUBP(mp)) {
			DPUTS("Can't rebalance a subpage, ignoring");
			return MDB_SUCCESS;
		}
		if (NUMKEYS(mp) == 0) {
			DPUTS("tree is completely empty");
			mc->mc_db->md_root = P_INVALID;
			mc->mc_db->md_depth = 0;
			mc->mc_db->md_leaf_pages = 0;
			rc = mdb_page_loose(mc, mp);
			if (rc)
				return rc;
			/* Adjust cursors pointing to mp */
			mc->mc_snum = 0;
			mc->mc_top = 0;
			mc->mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
			{
				MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
				MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;

				for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
					if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
						m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
					else
						m3 = m2;
					if (!(m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) || (m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum))
						continue;
					if (m3->mc_pg[0] == mp) {
						m3->mc_snum = 0;
						m3->mc_top = 0;
						m3->mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
					}
				}
			}
		} else if (IS_BRANCH(mp) && NUMKEYS(mp) == 1) {
			int i;
			DPUTS("collapsing root page!");
			rc = mdb_page_loose(mc, mp);
			if (rc)
				return rc;
			mc->mc_db->md_root = NODEPGNO(NODEPTR(mp, 0));
			rc = MDB_PAGE_GET(mc, mc->mc_db->md_root, 1, &mc->mc_pg[0]);
			if (rc)
				return rc;
			mc->mc_db->md_depth--;
			mc->mc_db->md_branch_pages--;
			mc->mc_ki[0] = mc->mc_ki[1];
			for (i = 1; i<mc->mc_db->md_depth; i++) {
				mc->mc_pg[i] = mc->mc_pg[i+1];
				mc->mc_ki[i] = mc->mc_ki[i+1];
			}
			{
				/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
				MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
				MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;

				for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
					if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
						m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
					else
						m3 = m2;
					if (m3 == mc) continue;
					if (!(m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
						continue;
					if (m3->mc_pg[0] == mp) {
						for (i=0; i<mc->mc_db->md_depth; i++) {
							m3->mc_pg[i] = m3->mc_pg[i+1];
							m3->mc_ki[i] = m3->mc_ki[i+1];
						}
						m3->mc_snum--;
						m3->mc_top--;
					}
				}
			}
		} else
			DPUTS("root page doesn't need rebalancing");
		return MDB_SUCCESS;
	}

	/* The parent (branch page) must have at least 2 pointers,
	 * otherwise the tree is invalid.
	 */
	ptop = mc->mc_top-1;
	mdb_cassert(mc, NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[ptop]) > 1);

	/* Leaf page fill factor is below the threshold.
	 * Try to move keys from left or right neighbor, or
	 * merge with a neighbor page.
	 */

	/* Find neighbors.
	 */
	mdb_cursor_copy(mc, &mn);
	mn.mc_xcursor = NULL;

	oldki = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
	if (mc->mc_ki[ptop] == 0) {
		/* We're the leftmost leaf in our parent.
		 */
		DPUTS("reading right neighbor");
		mn.mc_ki[ptop]++;
		node = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[ptop], mn.mc_ki[ptop]);
		rc = MDB_PAGE_GET(mc, NODEPGNO(node), 1, &mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]);
		if (rc)
			return rc;
		mn.mc_ki[mn.mc_top] = 0;
		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]);
		fromleft = 0;
	} else {
		/* There is at least one neighbor to the left.
		 */
		DPUTS("reading left neighbor");
		mn.mc_ki[ptop]--;
		node = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[ptop], mn.mc_ki[ptop]);
		rc = MDB_PAGE_GET(mc, NODEPGNO(node), 1, &mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]);
		if (rc)
			return rc;
		mn.mc_ki[mn.mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]) - 1;
		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
		fromleft = 1;
	}

	DPRINTF(("found neighbor page %"Yu" (%u keys, %.1f%% full)",
			mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]->mp_pgno, NUMKEYS(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]),
		(float)PAGEFILL(mc->mc_txn->mt_env, mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]) / 10));

	/* If the neighbor page is above threshold and has enough keys,
	 * move one key from it. Otherwise we should try to merge them.
	 * (A branch page must never have less than 2 keys.)
	 */
	if (PAGEFILL(mc->mc_txn->mt_env, mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]) >= thresh && NUMKEYS(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]) > minkeys) {
		rc = mdb_node_move(&mn, mc, fromleft);
		if (fromleft) {
			/* if we inserted on left, bump position up */
			oldki++;
		}
	} else {
		if (!fromleft) {
			rc = mdb_page_merge(&mn, mc);
		} else {
			oldki += NUMKEYS(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]);
			mn.mc_ki[mn.mc_top] += mc->mc_ki[mn.mc_top] + 1;
			/* We want mdb_rebalance to find mn when doing fixups */
			WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mn,
				rc = mdb_page_merge(mc, &mn));
			mdb_cursor_copy(&mn, mc);
		}
		mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
	}
	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = oldki;
	return rc;
}

/** Complete a delete operation started by #mdb_cursor_del(). */
static int
mdb_cursor_del0(MDB_cursor *mc)
{
	int rc;
	MDB_page *mp;
	indx_t ki;
	unsigned int nkeys;
	MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
	MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;

	ki = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
	mdb_node_del(mc, mc->mc_db->md_pad);
	mc->mc_db->md_entries--;
	{
		/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
		for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
			m3 = (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB) ? &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor : m2;
			if (! (m2->mc_flags & m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
				continue;
			if (m3 == mc || m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum)
				continue;
			if (m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp) {
				if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] == ki) {
					m3->mc_flags |= C_DEL;
					if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
						/* Sub-cursor referred into dataset which is gone */
						m3->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
					}
					continue;
				} else if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] > ki) {
					m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]--;
				}
				XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, mc->mc_top, mp);
			}
		}
	}
	rc = mdb_rebalance(mc);
	if (rc)
		goto fail;

	/* DB is totally empty now, just bail out.
	 * Other cursors adjustments were already done
	 * by mdb_rebalance and aren't needed here.
	 */
	if (!mc->mc_snum) {
		mc->mc_flags |= C_EOF;
		return rc;
	}

	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
	nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);

	/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
	for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; !rc && m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
		m3 = (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB) ? &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor : m2;
		if (!(m2->mc_flags & m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
			continue;
		if (m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum)
			continue;
		if (m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp) {
			if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]) {
			/* if m3 points past last node in page, find next sibling */
				if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= nkeys) {
					rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(m3, 1);
					if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
						m3->mc_flags |= C_EOF;
						rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
						continue;
					}
					if (rc)
						goto fail;
				}
				if (m3->mc_xcursor && !(m3->mc_flags & C_EOF)) {
					MDB_node *node = NODEPTR(m3->mc_pg[m3->mc_top], m3->mc_ki[m3->mc_top]);
					/* If this node has dupdata, it may need to be reinited
					 * because its data has moved.
					 * If the xcursor was not initd it must be reinited.
					 * Else if node points to a subDB, nothing is needed.
					 * Else (xcursor was initd, not a subDB) needs mc_pg[0] reset.
					 */
					if (node->mn_flags & F_DUPDATA) {
						if (!m3->mc_xcursor) {
							last_error = "Invalid dupdata flag with no mc_xcursor";
							rc = MDB_BAD_TXN;
							goto fail;
						}
						if (m3->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) {
							if (!(node->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA))
								m3->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = NODEDATA(node);
						} else {
							mdb_xcursor_init1(m3, node);
							rc = mdb_cursor_first(&m3->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, NULL, NULL);
							if (rc)
								goto fail;
						}
					}
					m3->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags |= C_DEL;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	mc->mc_flags |= C_DEL;

fail:
	if (rc) {
		fprintf(stderr, "cursor_del0 failed, %i\n", rc);
		mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
	}
	return rc;
}

int
mdb_del(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi,
		MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
{
	if (!key || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
		return EINVAL;

	if (txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_BLOCKED))
		return (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? EACCES : MDB_BAD_TXN;

	if (!F_ISSET(txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags, MDB_DUPSORT)) {
		/* must ignore any data */
		data = NULL;
	}
	MDB_env* env = txn->mt_env;
	if (env->me_flags & MDB_TRACK_METRICS) {
		env->me_metrics.deletes++;
	}
	return mdb_del0(txn, dbi, key, data, 0);
}

static int
mdb_del0(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi,
	MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, unsigned flags)
{
	MDB_cursor mc;
	MDB_xcursor mx;
	MDB_cursor_op op;
	MDB_val rdata, *xdata;
	int		 rc, exact = 0;
	DKBUF;

	DPRINTF(("====> delete db %u key [%s]", dbi, DKEY(key)));

	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, dbi, &mx);

	if (data) {
		op = MDB_GET_BOTH;
		rdata = *data;
		xdata = &rdata;
	} else {
		op = MDB_SET;
		xdata = NULL;
		flags |= MDB_NODUPDATA;
	}
	rc = mdb_cursor_set(&mc, key, xdata, op, &exact);
	if (rc == 0) {
		/* let mdb_page_split know about this cursor if needed:
		 * delete will trigger a rebalance; if it needs to move
		 * a node from one page to another, it will have to
		 * update the parent's separator key(s). If the new sepkey
		 * is larger than the current one, the parent page may
		 * run out of space, triggering a split. We need this
		 * cursor to be consistent until the end of the rebalance.
		 */
		mc.mc_next = txn->mt_cursors[dbi];
		txn->mt_cursors[dbi] = &mc;
		rc = mdb_cursor_del(&mc, flags);
		txn->mt_cursors[dbi] = mc.mc_next;
	}
	return rc;
}

/** Split a page and insert a new node.
 * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
 * @param[in,out] mc Cursor pointing to the page and desired insertion index.
 * The cursor will be updated to point to the actual page and index where
 * the node got inserted after the split.
 * @param[in] newkey The key for the newly inserted node.
 * @param[in] newdata The data for the newly inserted node.
 * @param[in] newpgno The page number, if the new node is a branch node.
 * @param[in] nflags The #NODE_ADD_FLAGS for the new node.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_page_split(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *newkey, MDB_val *newdata, pgno_t newpgno,
	unsigned int nflags)
{
	unsigned int flags;
	int		 rc = MDB_SUCCESS, new_root = 0, did_split = 0;
	indx_t		 newindx;
	pgno_t		 pgno = 0;
	int	 i, j, split_indx, nkeys, pmax;
	MDB_env 	*env = mc->mc_txn->mt_env;
	MDB_node	*node;
	MDB_val	 sepkey, rkey, xdata, *rdata = &xdata;
	MDB_page	*copy = NULL;
	MDB_page	*mp, *rp, *pp;
	int ptop;
	MDB_cursor	mn;
	DKBUF;

	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
	newindx = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
	nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);

	DPRINTF(("-----> splitting %s page %"Yu" and adding [%s] at index %i/%i",
			IS_LEAF(mp) ? "leaf" : "branch", mp->mp_pgno,
			DKEY(newkey), mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], nkeys));

	/* Create a right sibling. */
	rc = mdb_page_new(mc, mp->mp_flags & (P_BRANCH|P_LEAF|P_LEAF2), 1, &rp);
	if (rc)
		return rc;
	rp->mp_pad = mp->mp_pad;
	DPRINTF(("new right sibling: page %"Yu, rp->mp_pgno));

	/* Usually when splitting the root page, the cursor
	 * height is 1. But when called from mdb_update_key,
	 * the cursor height may be greater because it walks
	 * up the stack while finding the branch slot to update.
	 */
	if (mc->mc_top < 1) {
		if ((rc = mdb_page_new(mc, P_BRANCH, 1, &pp)))
			goto done;
		/* shift current top to make room for new parent */
		for (i=mc->mc_snum; i>0; i--) {
			mc->mc_pg[i] = mc->mc_pg[i-1];
			mc->mc_ki[i] = mc->mc_ki[i-1];
		}
		mc->mc_pg[0] = pp;
		mc->mc_ki[0] = 0;
		mc->mc_db->md_root = pp->mp_pgno;
		DPRINTF(("root split! new root = %"Yu, pp->mp_pgno));
		new_root = mc->mc_db->md_depth++;

		/* Add left (implicit) pointer. */
		if ((rc = mdb_node_add(mc, 0, NULL, NULL, mp->mp_pgno, 0)) != MDB_SUCCESS) {
			/* undo the pre-push */
			mc->mc_pg[0] = mc->mc_pg[1];
			mc->mc_ki[0] = mc->mc_ki[1];
			mc->mc_db->md_root = mp->mp_pgno;
			mc->mc_db->md_depth--;
			goto done;
		}
		mc->mc_snum++;
		mc->mc_top++;
		ptop = 0;
	} else {
		ptop = mc->mc_top-1;
		DPRINTF(("parent branch page is %"Yu, mc->mc_pg[ptop]->mp_pgno));
	}

	mdb_cursor_copy(mc, &mn);
	mn.mc_xcursor = NULL;
	mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top] = rp;
	mn.mc_ki[ptop] = mc->mc_ki[ptop]+1;

	if (nflags & MDB_APPEND) {
		mn.mc_ki[mn.mc_top] = 0;
		sepkey = *newkey;
		split_indx = newindx;
		nkeys = 0;
	} else {

		split_indx = (nkeys+1) / 2;

		if (IS_LEAF2(rp)) {
			char *split, *ins;
			int x;
			unsigned int lsize, rsize, ksize;
			/* Move half of the keys to the right sibling */
			x = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] - split_indx;
			ksize = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
			split = LEAF2KEY(mp, split_indx, ksize);
			rsize = (nkeys - split_indx) * ksize;
			lsize = (nkeys - split_indx) * sizeof(indx_t);
			mp->mp_lower -= lsize;
			rp->mp_lower += lsize;
			mp->mp_upper += rsize - lsize;
			rp->mp_upper -= rsize - lsize;
			sepkey.mv_size = ksize;
			if (newindx == split_indx) {
				sepkey.mv_data = newkey->mv_data;
			} else {
				sepkey.mv_data = split;
			}
			if (x<0) {
				ins = LEAF2KEY(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], ksize);
				memcpy(rp->mp_ptrs, split, rsize);
				sepkey.mv_data = rp->mp_ptrs;
				memmove(ins+ksize, ins, (split_indx - mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]) * ksize);
				memcpy(ins, newkey->mv_data, ksize);
				mp->mp_lower += sizeof(indx_t);
				mp->mp_upper -= ksize - sizeof(indx_t);
			} else {
				if (x)
					memcpy(rp->mp_ptrs, split, x * ksize);
				ins = LEAF2KEY(rp, x, ksize);
				memcpy(ins, newkey->mv_data, ksize);
				memcpy(ins+ksize, split + x * ksize, rsize - x * ksize);
				rp->mp_lower += sizeof(indx_t);
				rp->mp_upper -= ksize - sizeof(indx_t);
				mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = x;
			}
		} else {
			int psize, nsize, k;
			/* Maximum free space in an empty page */
			pmax = env->me_psize - PAGEHDRSZ;
			if (IS_LEAF(mp))
				nsize = mdb_leaf_size(env, newkey, newdata);
			else
				nsize = mdb_branch_size(env, newkey);
			nsize = EVEN(nsize);

			/* grab a page to hold a temporary copy */
			copy = mdb_page_malloc(mc->mc_txn, 1, 1);
			if (copy == NULL) {
				rc = ENOMEM;
				goto done;
			}
			copy->mp_pgno	= mp->mp_pgno;
			copy->mp_flags = mp->mp_flags;
			copy->mp_lower = (PAGEHDRSZ-PAGEBASE);
			copy->mp_upper = env->me_psize - PAGEBASE;

			/* prepare to insert */
			for (i=0, j=0; i<nkeys; i++) {
				if (i == newindx) {
					copy->mp_ptrs[j++] = 0;
				}
				copy->mp_ptrs[j++] = mp->mp_ptrs[i];
			}

			/* When items are relatively large the split point needs
			 * to be checked, because being off-by-one will make the
			 * difference between success or failure in mdb_node_add.
			 *
			 * It's also relevant if a page happens to be laid out
			 * such that one half of its nodes are all "small" and
			 * the other half of its nodes are "large." If the new
			 * item is also "large" and falls on the half with
			 * "large" nodes, it also may not fit.
			 *
			 * As a final tweak, if the new item goes on the last
			 * spot on the page (and thus, onto the new page), bias
			 * the split so the new page is emptier than the old page.
			 * This yields better packing during sequential inserts.
			 */
			if (nkeys < 32 || nsize > pmax/16 || newindx >= nkeys) {
				/* Find split point */
				psize = 0;
				if (newindx <= split_indx || newindx >= nkeys) {
					i = 0; j = 1;
					k = newindx >= nkeys ? nkeys : split_indx+1+IS_LEAF(mp);
				} else {
					i = nkeys; j = -1;
					k = split_indx-1;
				}
				for (; i!=k; i+=j) {
					if (i == newindx) {
						psize += nsize;
						node = NULL;
					} else {
						node = (MDB_node *)((char *)mp + copy->mp_ptrs[i] + PAGEBASE);
						psize += NODESIZE + NODEKSZ(node) + sizeof(indx_t);
						if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
							if (F_ISSET(node->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA))
								psize += sizeof(MDB_ovpage);
							else
								psize += NODEDSZ(node);
						}
						psize = EVEN(psize);
					}
					if (psize > pmax || i == k-j) {
						split_indx = i + (j<0);
						break;
					}
				}
			}
			if (split_indx == newindx) {
				sepkey.mv_size = newkey->mv_size;
				sepkey.mv_data = newkey->mv_data;
			} else {
				node = (MDB_node *)((char *)mp + copy->mp_ptrs[split_indx] + PAGEBASE);
				sepkey.mv_size = node->mn_ksize;
				sepkey.mv_data = NODEKEY(node);
			}
		}
	}

	DPRINTF(("separator is %d [%s]", split_indx, DKEY(&sepkey)));

	/* Copy separator key to the parent.
	 */
	if (SIZELEFT(mn.mc_pg[ptop]) < mdb_branch_size(env, &sepkey)) {
		int snum = mc->mc_snum;
		mn.mc_snum--;
		mn.mc_top--;
		did_split = 1;
		/* We want other splits to find mn when doing fixups */
		WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mn,
			rc = mdb_page_split(&mn, &sepkey, NULL, rp->mp_pgno, 0));
		if (rc)
			goto done;

		/* root split? */
		if (mc->mc_snum > snum) {
			ptop++;
		}
		/* Right page might now have changed parent.
		 * Check if left page also changed parent.
		 */
		if (mn.mc_pg[ptop] != mc->mc_pg[ptop] &&
				mc->mc_ki[ptop] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[ptop])) {
			for (i=0; i<ptop; i++) {
				mc->mc_pg[i] = mn.mc_pg[i];
				mc->mc_ki[i] = mn.mc_ki[i];
			}
			mc->mc_pg[ptop] = mn.mc_pg[ptop];
			if (mn.mc_ki[ptop]) {
				mc->mc_ki[ptop] = mn.mc_ki[ptop] - 1;
			} else {
				/* find right page's left sibling */
				mc->mc_ki[ptop] = mn.mc_ki[ptop];
				rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, 0);
			}
		}
	} else {
		mn.mc_top--;
		rc = mdb_node_add(&mn, mn.mc_ki[ptop], &sepkey, NULL, rp->mp_pgno, 0);
		mn.mc_top++;
	}
	if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS) {
		if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND) { /* improper mdb_cursor_sibling() result */
			last_error = "improper mdb_cursor_sibling() result";
			rc = MDB_PROBLEM;
		}
		goto done;
	}
	if (nflags & MDB_APPEND) {
		mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = rp;
		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
		rc = mdb_node_add(mc, 0, newkey, newdata, newpgno, nflags);
		if (rc)
			goto done;
		for (i=0; i<mc->mc_top; i++)
			mc->mc_ki[i] = mn.mc_ki[i];
	} else if (!IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
		/* Move nodes */
		mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = rp;
		i = split_indx;
		j = 0;
		do {
			if (i == newindx) {
				rkey.mv_data = newkey->mv_data;
				rkey.mv_size = newkey->mv_size;
				if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
					rdata = newdata;
				} else
					pgno = newpgno;
				flags = nflags;
				/* Update index for the new key. */
				mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = j;
			} else {
				node = (MDB_node *)((char *)mp + copy->mp_ptrs[i] + PAGEBASE);
				rkey.mv_data = NODEKEY(node);
				rkey.mv_size = node->mn_ksize;
				if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
					xdata.mv_data = NODEDATA(node);
					xdata.mv_size = NODEDSZ(node);
					rdata = &xdata;
				} else
					pgno = NODEPGNO(node);
				flags = node->mn_flags;
			}

			if (!IS_LEAF(mp) && j == 0) {
				/* First branch index doesn't need key data. */
				rkey.mv_size = 0;
			}

			rc = mdb_node_add(mc, j, &rkey, rdata, pgno, flags);
			if (rc)
				goto done;
			if (i == nkeys) {
				i = 0;
				j = 0;
				mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = copy;
			} else {
				i++;
				j++;
			}
		} while (i != split_indx);

		nkeys = NUMKEYS(copy);
		for (i=0; i<nkeys; i++)
			mp->mp_ptrs[i] = copy->mp_ptrs[i];
		mp->mp_lower = copy->mp_lower;
		mp->mp_upper = copy->mp_upper;
		memcpy(NODEPTR(mp, nkeys-1), NODEPTR(copy, nkeys-1),
			env->me_psize - copy->mp_upper - PAGEBASE);

		/* reset back to original page */
		if (newindx < split_indx) {
			mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = mp;
		} else {
			mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = rp;
			mc->mc_ki[ptop]++;
			/* Make sure mc_ki is still valid.
			 */
			if (mn.mc_pg[ptop] != mc->mc_pg[ptop] &&
				mc->mc_ki[ptop] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[ptop])) {
				for (i=0; i<=ptop; i++) {
					mc->mc_pg[i] = mn.mc_pg[i];
					mc->mc_ki[i] = mn.mc_ki[i];
				}
			}
		}
		if (nflags & MDB_RESERVE) {
			node = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
			if (!(node->mn_flags & F_BIGDATA))
				newdata->mv_data = NODEDATA(node);
		}
	} else {
		if (newindx >= split_indx) {
			mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = rp;
			mc->mc_ki[ptop]++;
			/* Make sure mc_ki is still valid.
			 */
			if (mn.mc_pg[ptop] != mc->mc_pg[ptop] &&
				mc->mc_ki[ptop] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[ptop])) {
				for (i=0; i<=ptop; i++) {
					mc->mc_pg[i] = mn.mc_pg[i];
					mc->mc_ki[i] = mn.mc_ki[i];
				}
			}
		}
	}

	{
		/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
		MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
		MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
		nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);

		for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
			if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
				m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
			else
				m3 = m2;
			if (m3 == mc)
				continue;
			if (!(m2->mc_flags & m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
				continue;
			if (new_root) {
				int k;
				/* sub cursors may be on different DB */
				if (m3->mc_pg[0] != mp)
					continue;
				/* root split */
				for (k=new_root; k>=0; k--) {
					m3->mc_ki[k+1] = m3->mc_ki[k];
					m3->mc_pg[k+1] = m3->mc_pg[k];
				}
				if (m3->mc_ki[0] >= nkeys) {
					m3->mc_ki[0] = 1;
				} else {
					m3->mc_ki[0] = 0;
				}
				m3->mc_pg[0] = mc->mc_pg[0];
				m3->mc_snum++;
				m3->mc_top++;
			}
			if (m3->mc_top >= mc->mc_top && m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp) {
				if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= newindx && !(nflags & MDB_SPLIT_REPLACE))
					m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]++;
				if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= nkeys) {
					m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = rp;
					m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] -= nkeys;
					for (i=0; i<mc->mc_top; i++) {
						m3->mc_ki[i] = mn.mc_ki[i];
						m3->mc_pg[i] = mn.mc_pg[i];
					}
				}
			} else if (!did_split && m3->mc_top >= ptop && m3->mc_pg[ptop] == mc->mc_pg[ptop] &&
				m3->mc_ki[ptop] >= mc->mc_ki[ptop]) {
				m3->mc_ki[ptop]++;
			}
			if (IS_LEAF(mp))
				XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, mc->mc_top, m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]);
		}
	}
	DPRINTF(("mp left: %d, rp left: %d", SIZELEFT(mp), SIZELEFT(rp)));

done:
	if (copy)					/* tmp page */
		mdb_page_free(env, copy);
	if (rc) {
		fprintf(stderr, "split failed, %i\n", rc);
		mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
	}
	return rc;
}

int
mdb_put(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi,
		MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, unsigned int flags)
{
	MDB_cursor mc;
	MDB_xcursor mx;
	int rc;

	if (!key || !data || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
		return EINVAL;

	if (flags & ~(MDB_NOOVERWRITE|MDB_NODUPDATA|MDB_RESERVE|MDB_APPEND|MDB_APPENDDUP))
		return EINVAL;

	if (txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_BLOCKED))
		return (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? EACCES : MDB_BAD_TXN;
	MDB_env* env = txn->mt_env;
	if (env->me_flags & MDB_TRACK_METRICS) {
		env->me_metrics.puts++;
	}

	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, dbi, &mx);
	mc.mc_next = txn->mt_cursors[dbi];
	txn->mt_cursors[dbi] = &mc;
	rc = mdb_cursor_put(&mc, key, data, flags);
	txn->mt_cursors[dbi] = mc.mc_next;
	return rc;
}

#ifndef MDB_WBUF
#define MDB_WBUF	(1024*1024)
#endif
#define MDB_EOF		0x10	/**< #mdb_env_copyfd1() is done reading */

	/** State needed for a double-buffering compacting copy. */
typedef struct mdb_copy {
	MDB_env *mc_env;
	MDB_txn *mc_txn;
	pthread_mutex_t mc_mutex;
	pthread_cond_t mc_cond;	/**< Condition variable for #mc_new */
	char *mc_wbuf[2];
	char *mc_over[2];
	int mc_wlen[2];
	int mc_olen[2];
	pgno_t mc_next_pgno;
	HANDLE mc_fd;
	int mc_toggle;			/**< Buffer number in provider */
	int mc_new;				/**< (0-2 buffers to write) | (#MDB_EOF at end) */
	/** Error code.	Never cleared if set.	Both threads can set nonzero
	 *	to fail the copy.	Not mutex-protected, LMDB expects atomic int.
	 */
	volatile int mc_error;
} mdb_copy;

	/** Dedicated writer thread for compacting copy. */
static THREAD_RET ESECT CALL_CONV
mdb_env_copythr(void *arg)
{
	mdb_copy *my = arg;
	char *ptr;
	int toggle = 0, wsize, rc;
#ifdef _WIN32
	DWORD len;
#define DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len)	rc = WriteFile(fd, ptr, w2, &len, NULL)
#else
	int len;
#define DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len)	len = write(fd, ptr, w2); rc = (len >= 0)
#ifdef SIGPIPE
	sigset_t set;
	sigemptyset(&set);
	sigaddset(&set, SIGPIPE);
	if ((rc = pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL)) != 0)
		my->mc_error = rc;
#endif
#endif

	pthread_mutex_lock(&my->mc_mutex);
	for(;;) {
		while (!my->mc_new)
			pthread_cond_wait(&my->mc_cond, &my->mc_mutex);
		if (my->mc_new == 0 + MDB_EOF) /* 0 buffers, just EOF */
			break;
		wsize = my->mc_wlen[toggle];
		ptr = my->mc_wbuf[toggle];
again:
		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
		while (wsize > 0 && !my->mc_error) {
			DO_WRITE(rc, my->mc_fd, ptr, wsize, len);
			if (!rc) {
				rc = ErrCode();
#if defined(SIGPIPE) && !defined(_WIN32)
				if (rc == EPIPE) {
					/* Collect the pending SIGPIPE, otherwise at least OS X
					 * gives it to the process on thread-exit (ITS#8504).
					 */
					int tmp;
					sigwait(&set, &tmp);
				}
#endif
				break;
			} else if (len > 0) {
				rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
				ptr += len;
				wsize -= len;
				continue;
			} else {
				rc = EIO;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (rc) {
			my->mc_error = rc;
		}
		/* If there's an overflow page tail, write it too */
		if (my->mc_olen[toggle]) {
			wsize = my->mc_olen[toggle];
			ptr = my->mc_over[toggle];
			my->mc_olen[toggle] = 0;
			goto again;
		}
		my->mc_wlen[toggle] = 0;
		toggle ^= 1;
		/* Return the empty buffer to provider */
		my->mc_new--;
		pthread_cond_signal(&my->mc_cond);
	}
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&my->mc_mutex);
	return (THREAD_RET)0;
#undef DO_WRITE
}

	/** Give buffer and/or #MDB_EOF to writer thread, await unused buffer.
	 *
	 * @param[in] my control structure.
	 * @param[in] adjust (1 to hand off 1 buffer) | (MDB_EOF when ending).
	 */
static int ESECT
mdb_env_cthr_toggle(mdb_copy *my, int adjust)
{
	pthread_mutex_lock(&my->mc_mutex);
	my->mc_new += adjust;
	pthread_cond_signal(&my->mc_cond);
	while (my->mc_new & 2)		/* both buffers in use */
		pthread_cond_wait(&my->mc_cond, &my->mc_mutex);
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&my->mc_mutex);

	my->mc_toggle ^= (adjust & 1);
	/* Both threads reset mc_wlen, to be safe from threading errors */
	my->mc_wlen[my->mc_toggle] = 0;
	return my->mc_error;
}

	/** Depth-first tree traversal for compacting copy.
	 * @param[in] my control structure.
	 * @param[in,out] pg database root.
	 * @param[in] flags includes #F_DUPDATA if it is a sorted-duplicate sub-DB.
	 */
static int ESECT
mdb_env_cwalk(mdb_copy *my, pgno_t *pg, int flags)
{
	MDB_cursor mc = {0};
	MDB_node *ni;
	MDB_page *mo, *mp, *leaf;
	char *buf, *ptr;
	int rc, toggle;
	unsigned int i;

	/* Empty DB, nothing to do */
	if (*pg == P_INVALID)
		return MDB_SUCCESS;

	mc.mc_snum = 1;
	mc.mc_txn = my->mc_txn;
	mc.mc_flags = my->mc_txn->mt_flags & (C_ORIG_RDONLY|C_WRITEMAP);

	rc = MDB_PAGE_GET(&mc, *pg, 1, &mc.mc_pg[0]);
	if (rc)
		return rc;
	rc = mdb_page_search_root(&mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	/* Make cursor pages writable */
	buf = ptr = malloc(my->mc_env->me_psize * mc.mc_snum);
	if (buf == NULL)
		return ENOMEM;

	for (i=0; i<mc.mc_top; i++) {
		mdb_page_copy((MDB_page *)ptr, mc.mc_pg[i], my->mc_env->me_psize);
		mc.mc_pg[i] = (MDB_page *)ptr;
		ptr += my->mc_env->me_psize;
	}

	/* This is writable space for a leaf page. Usually not needed. */
	leaf = (MDB_page *)ptr;

	toggle = my->mc_toggle;
	while (mc.mc_snum > 0) {
		unsigned n;
		mp = mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top];
		n = NUMKEYS(mp);

		if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
			if (!IS_LEAF2(mp) && !(flags & F_DUPDATA)) {
				for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
					ni = NODEPTR(mp, i);
					if (ni->mn_flags & F_BIGDATA) {
						MDB_page *omp;
						MDB_ovpage ovp;

						/* Need writable leaf */
						if (mp != leaf) {
							mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top] = leaf;
							mdb_page_copy(leaf, mp, my->mc_env->me_psize);
							mp = leaf;
							ni = NODEPTR(mp, i);
						}

						memcpy(&ovp, NODEDATA(ni), sizeof(ovp));
						rc = MDB_PAGE_GET(&mc, ovp.op_pgno, ovp.op_pages, &omp);
						if (rc)
							goto done;
						if (my->mc_wlen[toggle] >= MDB_WBUF) {
							rc = mdb_env_cthr_toggle(my, 1);
							if (rc)
								goto done;
							toggle = my->mc_toggle;
						}
						mo = (MDB_page *)(my->mc_wbuf[toggle] + my->mc_wlen[toggle]);
						memcpy(mo, omp, my->mc_env->me_psize);
						ovp.op_pgno = mo->mp_pgno = my->mc_next_pgno;
						ovp.op_txnid = 1;
						memcpy(NODEDATA(ni), &ovp, sizeof(ovp));
						my->mc_next_pgno += ovp.op_pages;
						my->mc_wlen[toggle] += my->mc_env->me_psize;
						if (ovp.op_pages > 1) {
							my->mc_olen[toggle] = my->mc_env->me_psize * (ovp.op_pages - 1);
							my->mc_over[toggle] = (char *)omp + my->mc_env->me_psize;
							rc = mdb_env_cthr_toggle(my, 1);
							if (rc)
								goto done;
							toggle = my->mc_toggle;
						}
					} else if (ni->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
						MDB_db db;

						/* Need writable leaf */
						if (mp != leaf) {
							mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top] = leaf;
							mdb_page_copy(leaf, mp, my->mc_env->me_psize);
							mp = leaf;
							ni = NODEPTR(mp, i);
						}

						memcpy(&db, NODEDATA(ni), sizeof(db));
						my->mc_toggle = toggle;
						rc = mdb_env_cwalk(my, &db.md_root, ni->mn_flags & F_DUPDATA);
						if (rc)
							goto done;
						toggle = my->mc_toggle;
						memcpy(NODEDATA(ni), &db, sizeof(db));
					}
				}
			}
		} else {
			mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top]++;
			if (mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top] < n) {
				pgno_t pg;
again:
				ni = NODEPTR(mp, mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top]);
				pg = NODEPGNO(ni);
				rc = MDB_PAGE_GET(&mc, pg, 1, &mp);
				if (rc)
					goto done;
				mc.mc_top++;
				mc.mc_snum++;
				mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top] = 0;
				if (IS_BRANCH(mp)) {
					/* Whenever we advance to a sibling branch page,
					 * we must proceed all the way down to its first leaf.
					 */
					mdb_page_copy(mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top], mp, my->mc_env->me_psize);
					goto again;
				} else
					mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top] = mp;
				continue;
			}
		}
		if (my->mc_wlen[toggle] >= MDB_WBUF) {
			rc = mdb_env_cthr_toggle(my, 1);
			if (rc)
				goto done;
			toggle = my->mc_toggle;
		}
		mo = (MDB_page *)(my->mc_wbuf[toggle] + my->mc_wlen[toggle]);
		mdb_page_copy(mo, mp, my->mc_env->me_psize);
		mo->mp_pgno = my->mc_next_pgno++;
		mo->mp_txnid = 1;
		my->mc_wlen[toggle] += my->mc_env->me_psize;
		if (mc.mc_top) {
			/* Update parent if there is one */
			ni = NODEPTR(mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top-1], mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top-1]);
			SETPGNO(ni, mo->mp_pgno);
			mdb_cursor_pop(&mc);
		} else {
			/* Otherwise we're done */
			*pg = mo->mp_pgno;
			break;
		}
	}
done:
	free(buf);
	return rc;
}

	/** Copy environment with compaction. */
static int ESECT
mdb_env_copyfd1(MDB_env *env, HANDLE fd)
{
	MDB_meta *mm;
	MDB_page *mp;
	mdb_copy my = {0};
	MDB_txn *txn = NULL;
	pthread_t thr;
	pgno_t root, new_root;
	int rc = MDB_SUCCESS;

#ifdef _WIN32
	if (!(my.mc_mutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL)) ||
		!(my.mc_cond = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL))) {
		rc = ErrCode();
		goto done;
	}
	my.mc_wbuf[0] = _aligned_malloc(MDB_WBUF*2, env->me_os_psize);
	if (my.mc_wbuf[0] == NULL) {
		/* _aligned_malloc() sets errno, but we use Windows error codes */
		rc = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
		goto done;
	}
#else
	if ((rc = pthread_mutex_init(&my.mc_mutex, NULL)) != 0)
		return rc;
	if ((rc = pthread_cond_init(&my.mc_cond, NULL)) != 0)
		goto done2;
#ifdef HAVE_MEMALIGN
	my.mc_wbuf[0] = memalign(env->me_os_psize, MDB_WBUF*2);
	if (my.mc_wbuf[0] == NULL) {
		rc = errno;
		goto done;
	}
#else
	{
		void *p;
		if ((rc = posix_memalign(&p, env->me_os_psize, MDB_WBUF*2)) != 0)
			goto done;
		my.mc_wbuf[0] = p;
	}
#endif
#endif
	memset(my.mc_wbuf[0], 0, MDB_WBUF*2);
	my.mc_wbuf[1] = my.mc_wbuf[0] + MDB_WBUF;
	my.mc_next_pgno = NUM_METAS;
	my.mc_env = env;
	my.mc_fd = fd;
	rc = THREAD_CREATE(thr, mdb_env_copythr, &my);
	if (rc)
		goto done;

	rc = mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn);
	if (rc)
		goto finish;

	mp = (MDB_page *)my.mc_wbuf[0];
	memset(mp, 0, NUM_METAS * env->me_psize);
	mp->mp_pgno = 0;
	mp->mp_flags = P_META;
	mm = (MDB_meta *)METADATA(mp);
	mdb_env_init_meta0(env, mm);
	mm->mm_address = env->me_metas[0]->mm_address;

	mp = (MDB_page *)(my.mc_wbuf[0] + env->me_psize);
	mp->mp_pgno = 1;
	mp->mp_flags = P_META;
	*(MDB_meta *)METADATA(mp) = *mm;
	mm = (MDB_meta *)METADATA(mp);

	/* Set metapage 1 with current main DB */
	root = new_root = txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root;
	if (root != P_INVALID) {
		/* Count free pages + freeDB pages.	Subtract from last_pg
		 * to find the new last_pg, which also becomes the new root.
		 */
		MDB_ID freecount = 0;
		MDB_cursor mc;
		MDB_val key, data;
		mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, FREE_DBI, NULL);
		while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0) {
			MDB_IDL idl = (MDB_ID *) data.mv_data;
			for(int i = 1; i <= idl[0]; i++) {
				ssize_t entry = (ssize_t)idl[i];
				if (entry <= 0) {
					if (entry < 0) {
						freecount -= entry;
						i++;
					}
				} else freecount++; // regular page reference
			}
		}
		if (rc != MDB_NOTFOUND)
			goto finish;
		freecount += txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_branch_pages +
			txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_leaf_pages +
			txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_overflow_pages;

		new_root = txn->mt_next_pgno - 1 - freecount;
		mm->mm_last_pg = new_root;
		mm->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI] = txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI];
		mm->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root = new_root;
	} else {
		/* When the DB is empty, handle it specially to
		 * fix any breakage like page leaks from ITS#8174.
		 */
		mm->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags = txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags;
	}
	if (root != P_INVALID || mm->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags) {
		mm->mm_txnid = txn->mt_txnid | 1;		/* update to current txn id and make it odd*/
	}

	my.mc_wlen[0] = env->me_psize * NUM_METAS;
	my.mc_txn = txn;
	rc = mdb_env_cwalk(&my, &root, 0);
	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS && root != new_root) {
		rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;	/* page leak or corrupt DB */
	}

finish:
	if (rc)
		my.mc_error = rc;
	mdb_env_cthr_toggle(&my, 1 | MDB_EOF);
	rc = THREAD_FINISH(thr);
	mdb_txn_abort(txn);

done:
#ifdef _WIN32
	if (my.mc_wbuf[0]) _aligned_free(my.mc_wbuf[0]);
	if (my.mc_cond)	CloseHandle(my.mc_cond);
	if (my.mc_mutex) CloseHandle(my.mc_mutex);
#else
	free(my.mc_wbuf[0]);
	pthread_cond_destroy(&my.mc_cond);
done2:
	pthread_mutex_destroy(&my.mc_mutex);
#endif
	return rc ? rc : my.mc_error;
}

	/** Copy environment as-is. */
static int ESECT
mdb_env_copyfd0(MDB_env *env, HANDLE fd)
{
	MDB_txn *txn = NULL;
	mdb_mutexref_t wmutex = NULL;
	int rc;
	mdb_size_t wsize, w3;
	char *ptr;
#ifdef _WIN32
	DWORD len, w2;
#define DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len)	rc = WriteFile(fd, ptr, w2, &len, NULL)
#else
	ssize_t len;
	size_t w2;
#define DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len)	len = write(fd, ptr, w2); rc = (len >= 0)
#endif

	/* Do the lock/unlock of the reader mutex before starting the
	 * write txn.	Otherwise other read txns could block writers.
	 */
	rc = mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	if (env->me_txns) {
		/* We must start the actual read txn after blocking writers */
		mdb_txn_end(txn, MDB_END_RESET_TMP);

		/* Temporarily block writers until we snapshot the meta pages */
		wmutex = env->me_wmutex;
		if (LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, wmutex))
			goto leave;

		rc = mdb_txn_renew0(txn);
		if (rc) {
			UNLOCK_MUTEX(wmutex);
			goto leave;
		}
	}

	wsize = env->me_psize * NUM_METAS;
	ptr = env->me_map;
	w2 = wsize;
	while (w2 > 0) {
		DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len);
		if (!rc) {
			rc = ErrCode();
			break;
		} else if (len > 0) {
			rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
			ptr += len;
			w2 -= len;
			continue;
		} else {
			/* Non-blocking or async handles are not supported */
			rc = EIO;
			break;
		}
	}
	if (wmutex)
		UNLOCK_MUTEX(wmutex);

	if (rc)
		goto leave;

	w3 = txn->mt_next_pgno * env->me_psize;
	{
		mdb_size_t fsize = 0;
		if ((rc = mdb_fsize(env->me_fd, &fsize)))
			goto leave;
		if (w3 > fsize)
			w3 = fsize;
	}
	wsize = w3 - wsize;
	while (wsize > 0) {
		if (wsize > MAX_WRITE)
			w2 = MAX_WRITE;
		else
			w2 = wsize;
		DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len);
		if (!rc) {
			rc = ErrCode();
			break;
		} else if (len > 0) {
			rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
			ptr += len;
			wsize -= len;
			continue;
		} else {
			rc = EIO;
			break;
		}
	}

leave:
	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
	return rc;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_copyfd2(MDB_env *env, HANDLE fd, unsigned int flags)
{
	if (flags & MDB_CP_COMPACT)
		return mdb_env_copyfd1(env, fd);
	else
		return mdb_env_copyfd0(env, fd);
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_copyfd(MDB_env *env, HANDLE fd)
{
	return mdb_env_copyfd2(env, fd, 0);
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_copy2(MDB_env *env, const char *path, unsigned int flags)
{
	int rc;
	MDB_name fname;
	HANDLE newfd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;

	rc = mdb_fname_init(path, env->me_flags | MDB_NOLOCK, &fname);
	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
		rc = mdb_fopen(env, &fname, MDB_O_COPY, 0666, &newfd);
		mdb_fname_destroy(fname);
	}
	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
		rc = mdb_env_copyfd2(env, newfd, flags);
		if (close(newfd) < 0 && rc == MDB_SUCCESS)
			rc = ErrCode();
	}
	return rc;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_copy(MDB_env *env, const char *path)
{
	return mdb_env_copy2(env, path, 0);
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_set_flags(MDB_env *env, unsigned int flag, int onoff)
{
	if (flag & ~CHANGEABLE)
		return EINVAL;
	if (onoff)
		env->me_flags |= flag;
	else
		env->me_flags &= ~flag;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_get_flags(MDB_env *env, unsigned int *arg)
{
	if (!env || !arg)
		return EINVAL;

	*arg = env->me_flags & EXPOSED;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_set_userctx(MDB_env *env, void *ctx)
{
	if (!env)
		return EINVAL;
	if (ctx)
		env->me_userctx = ctx;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}


void * ESECT
mdb_env_get_userctx(MDB_env *env)
{
	return env ? env->me_userctx : NULL;
}

MDB_metrics * ESECT
mdb_env_get_metrics(MDB_env *env)
{
	return env ? &env->me_metrics : NULL;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_set_assert(MDB_env *env, MDB_assert_func *func)
{
	if (!env)
		return EINVAL;
#ifndef NDEBUG
	env->me_assert_func = func;
#endif
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_set_callback(MDB_env *env, MDB_check_fd *func)
{
	if (!env)
		return EINVAL;
	env->me_callback = func;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_set_freespace_options(MDB_env *env, unsigned int max_to_load, unsigned int max_to_retain)
{
	if (!env)
		return EINVAL;
	env->me_maxfreepgs_to_load = max_to_load;
	env->me_maxfreepgs_to_retain = max_to_retain;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

#if MDB_RPAGE_CACHE
int ESECT
mdb_env_set_encrypt(MDB_env *env, MDB_enc_func *func, const MDB_val *key, unsigned int size)
{
	char *kdata;

	if (!env || !func || !key)
		return EINVAL;
	if (env->me_flags & MDB_ENV_ACTIVE)
		return EINVAL;
	if (! (kdata = malloc(key[0].mv_size)))
		return ENOMEM;

	memcpy(kdata,	key->mv_data, key->mv_size);
	free(env->me_enckey.mv_data);
	env->me_enckey.mv_data = kdata;
	env->me_enckey.mv_size = key->mv_size;
	env->me_encfunc = func;
	if (size)
		env->me_esumsize = size;
	env->me_flags |= MDB_REMAP_CHUNKS | MDB_ENCRYPT;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_set_checksum(MDB_env *env, MDB_sum_func *func, unsigned int size)
{
	if (!env || !func || !size)
		return EINVAL;
	if (env->me_flags & MDB_ENV_ACTIVE)
		return EINVAL;
	env->me_sumfunc = func;
	env->me_sumsize = size;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}
#endif

int ESECT
mdb_env_get_path(MDB_env *env, const char **arg)
{
	if (!env || !arg)
		return EINVAL;

	*arg = env->me_path;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_get_fd(MDB_env *env, mdb_filehandle_t *arg)
{
	if (!env || !arg)
		return EINVAL;

	*arg = env->me_fd;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_set_pagesize(MDB_env *env, int size)
{
	if (!env || env->me_map)
		return EINVAL;
	if (size > MAX_PAGESIZE || size < 256)
		return EINVAL;
	if (size & (size-1))
		return EINVAL;
	env->me_os_psize = size;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

/** Common code for #mdb_stat() and #mdb_env_stat().
 * @param[in] env the environment to operate in.
 * @param[in] db the #MDB_db record containing the stats to return.
 * @param[out] arg the address of an #MDB_stat structure to receive the stats.
 * @return 0, this function always succeeds.
 */
static int ESECT
mdb_stat0(MDB_env *env, MDB_db *db, MDB_stat *arg)
{
	arg->ms_psize = env->me_psize;
	arg->ms_depth = db->md_depth;
	arg->ms_branch_pages = db->md_branch_pages;
	arg->ms_leaf_pages = db->md_leaf_pages;
	arg->ms_overflow_pages = db->md_overflow_pages;
	arg->ms_entries = db->md_entries;

	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_stat(MDB_env *env, MDB_stat *arg)
{
	MDB_meta *meta;

	if (env == NULL || arg == NULL)
		return EINVAL;

	meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);

	return mdb_stat0(env, &meta->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI], arg);
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_info(MDB_env *env, MDB_envinfo *arg)
{
	MDB_meta *meta;

	if (env == NULL || arg == NULL)
		return EINVAL;

	meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
	arg->me_mapaddr = env->me_map;
	arg->me_last_pgno = meta->mm_last_pg;
	arg->me_last_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;

	arg->me_mapsize = env->me_mapsize;
	arg->me_maxreaders = env->me_maxreaders;
	arg->me_numreaders = env->me_txns ? env->me_txns->mti_numreaders : 0;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

/** Set the default comparison functions for a database.
 * Called immediately after a database is opened to set the defaults.
 * The user can then override them with #mdb_set_compare() or
 * #mdb_set_dupsort().
 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
 * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
 */
static void
mdb_default_cmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi)
{
	uint16_t f = txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags;

	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_cmp =
		(f & MDB_REVERSEKEY) ? mdb_cmp_memnr :
		(f & MDB_INTEGERKEY) ? mdb_cmp_cint	: mdb_cmp_memn;

	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_dcmp =
		!(f & MDB_DUPSORT) ? 0 :
		((f & MDB_INTEGERDUP)
		 ? ((f & MDB_DUPFIXED)	 ? mdb_cmp_int	 : mdb_cmp_cint)
		 : ((f & MDB_REVERSEDUP) ? mdb_cmp_memnr : mdb_cmp_memn));
}

int mdb_dbi_open(MDB_txn *txn, const char *name, unsigned int flags, MDB_dbi *dbi)
{
	MDB_val key, data;
	MDB_dbi i;
	MDB_cursor mc;
	MDB_db dummy;
	int rc, dbflag, exact;
	unsigned int unused = 0, seq;
	char *namedup;
	size_t size;

	if (flags & ~VALID_FLAGS)
		return EINVAL;
	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
		return MDB_BAD_TXN;

	/* main DB? */
	if (!name) {
		*dbi = MAIN_DBI;
		if (flags & PERSISTENT_FLAGS) {
			uint16_t f2 = flags & PERSISTENT_FLAGS;
			/* make sure flag changes get committed */
			if ((txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags | f2) != txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags) {
				txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags |= f2;
				txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_DIRTY;
			}
		}
		mdb_default_cmp(txn, MAIN_DBI);
		return MDB_SUCCESS;
	}

	if (txn->mt_dbxs[MAIN_DBI].md_cmp == NULL) {
		mdb_default_cmp(txn, MAIN_DBI);
	}

	/* Is the DB already open? */
	size = strlen(name) + 1;
	for (i=CORE_DBS; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
		if (!txn->mt_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_size) {
			/* Remember this free slot */
			if (!unused) unused = i;
			continue;
		}
		if (size == txn->mt_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_size &&
			!strcmp(name, txn->mt_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_data)) {
			*dbi = i;
			return MDB_SUCCESS;
		}
	}

	/* If no free slot and max hit, fail */
	if (!unused && txn->mt_numdbs >= txn->mt_env->me_maxdbs)
		return MDB_DBS_FULL;

	/* Cannot mix named databases with some mainDB flags */
	if (txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags & (MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_INTEGERKEY))
		return (flags & MDB_CREATE) ? MDB_INCOMPATIBLE : MDB_NOTFOUND;

	/* Find the DB info */
	dbflag = DB_NEW|DB_VALID|DB_USRVALID;
	exact = 0;
	key.mv_size = size;
	key.mv_data = (void *)name;
	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, MAIN_DBI, NULL);
	rc = mdb_cursor_set(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_SET, &exact);
	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
		/* make sure this is actually a DB */
		MDB_node *node = NODEPTR(mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top], mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top]);
		if ((node->mn_flags & (F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA)) != F_SUBDATA)
			return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
	} else {
		if (rc != MDB_NOTFOUND || !(flags & MDB_CREATE))
			return rc;
		if (F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY))
			return EACCES;
	}

	/* Done here so we cannot fail after creating a new DB */
	if ((namedup = strdup(name)) == NULL)
		return ENOMEM;

	if (rc) {
		/* MDB_NOTFOUND and MDB_CREATE: Create new DB */
		data.mv_size = sizeof(MDB_db);
		data.mv_data = &dummy;
		memset(&dummy, 0, sizeof(dummy));
		dummy.md_root = P_INVALID;
		dummy.md_flags = flags & PERSISTENT_FLAGS;
		WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mc,
			rc = mdb_cursor_put(&mc, &key, &data, F_SUBDATA));
		dbflag |= DB_DIRTY;
	}

	if (rc) {
		free(namedup);
	} else {
		/* Got info, register DBI in this txn */
		unsigned int slot = unused ? unused : txn->mt_numdbs;
		txn->mt_dbxs[slot].md_name.mv_data = namedup;
		txn->mt_dbxs[slot].md_name.mv_size = size;
		txn->mt_dbxs[slot].md_rel = NULL;
		txn->mt_dbflags[slot] = dbflag;
		/* txn-> and env-> are the same in read txns, use
		 * tmp variable to avoid undefined assignment
		 */
		seq = ++txn->mt_env->me_dbiseqs[slot];
		txn->mt_dbiseqs[slot] = seq;

		memcpy(&txn->mt_dbs[slot], data.mv_data, sizeof(MDB_db));
		*dbi = slot;
		mdb_default_cmp(txn, slot);
		if (!unused) {
			txn->mt_numdbs++;
		}
	}

	return rc;
}

int ESECT
mdb_stat(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_stat *arg)
{
	if (!arg || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_VALID))
		return EINVAL;

	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
		return MDB_BAD_TXN;

	if (txn->mt_dbflags[dbi] & DB_STALE) {
		MDB_cursor mc;
		MDB_xcursor mx;
		/* Stale, must read the DB's root. cursor_init does it for us. */
		mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, dbi, &mx);
	}
	return mdb_stat0(txn->mt_env, &txn->mt_dbs[dbi], arg);
}

void mdb_dbi_close(MDB_env *env, MDB_dbi dbi)
{
	char *ptr;
	if (dbi < CORE_DBS || dbi >= env->me_maxdbs)
		return;
	ptr = env->me_dbxs[dbi].md_name.mv_data;
	/* If there was no name, this was already closed */
	if (ptr) {
		env->me_dbxs[dbi].md_name.mv_data = NULL;
		env->me_dbxs[dbi].md_name.mv_size = 0;
		env->me_dbflags[dbi] = 0;
		env->me_dbiseqs[dbi]++;
		free(ptr);
	}
}

int mdb_dbi_flags(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, unsigned int *flags)
{
	/* We could return the flags for the FREE_DBI too but what's the point? */
	if (!TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
		return EINVAL;
	*flags = txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags & PERSISTENT_FLAGS;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

/** Add all the DB's pages to the free list.
 * @param[in] mc Cursor on the DB to free.
 * @param[in] subs non-Zero to check for sub-DBs in this DB.
 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
static int
mdb_drop0(MDB_cursor *mc, int subs)
{
	int rc;

	rc = mdb_page_search(mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST);
	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
		MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
		MDB_node *ni;
		MDB_cursor mx;
		unsigned int i;

		/* DUPSORT sub-DBs have no ovpages/DBs. Omit scanning leaves.
		 * This also avoids any P_LEAF2 pages, which have no nodes.
		 * Also if the DB doesn't have sub-DBs and has no overflow
		 * pages, omit scanning leaves.
		 */
		if ((mc->mc_flags & C_SUB) ||
			(!subs && !mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages))
			mdb_cursor_pop(mc);

		mdb_cursor_copy(mc, &mx);
		if (MDB_REMAPPING(mc->mc_txn->mt_env->me_flags)) {
		/* bump refcount for mx's pages */
		for (i=0; i<mc->mc_snum; i++)
			MDB_PAGE_GET(&mx, mc->mc_pg[i]->mp_pgno, 1, &mx.mc_pg[i]);
		}

		while (mc->mc_snum > 0) {
			MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
			unsigned n = NUMKEYS(mp);
			if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
				for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
					ni = NODEPTR(mp, i);
					if (ni->mn_flags & F_BIGDATA) {
						MDB_ovpage ovp;
						memcpy(&ovp, NODEDATA(ni), sizeof(ovp));
						rc = mdb_midl_append_range(&txn->mt_free_pgs,
							ovp.op_pgno, ovp.op_pages);
						if (rc)
							goto done;
						mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages -= ovp.op_pages;
						if (!mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages && !subs)
							break;
					} else if (subs && (ni->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA)) {
						if (!mc->mc_xcursor) {
							last_error = "Invalid dupdata flag with no mc_xcursor";
							return MDB_BAD_TXN;
						}
						mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, ni);
						rc = mdb_drop0(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, 0);
						if (rc)
							goto done;
					}
				}
				if (!subs && !mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages)
					goto pop;
			} else {
				if ((rc = mdb_midl_need(&txn->mt_free_pgs, n)) != 0)
					goto done;
				for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
					pgno_t pg;
					ni = NODEPTR(mp, i);
					pg = NODEPGNO(ni);
					/* free it */
					mdb_midl_xappend(txn->mt_free_pgs, pg);
				}
			}
			if (!mc->mc_top)
				break;
			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = i;
			rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, 1);
			if (rc) {
				if (rc != MDB_NOTFOUND)
					goto done;
				/* no more siblings, go back to beginning
				 * of previous level.
				 */
pop:
				mdb_cursor_pop(mc);
				mc->mc_ki[0] = 0;
				for (i=1; i<mc->mc_snum; i++) {
					mc->mc_ki[i] = 0;
					mc->mc_pg[i] = mx.mc_pg[i];
				}
			}
		}
		/* free it */
		rc = mdb_midl_append(&txn->mt_free_pgs, mc->mc_db->md_root);
done:
		if (rc) {
			fprintf(stderr, "mdb_drop0 failed, %d\n", rc);
			txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
		}
		/* drop refcount for mx's pages */
		MDB_CURSOR_UNREF(&mx, 0);
	} else if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
	}
	mc->mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
	return rc;
}

int mdb_drop(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, int del)
{
	MDB_cursor *mc, *m2;
	int rc;

	if ((unsigned)del > 1 || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
		return EINVAL;

	if (F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY))
		return EACCES;

	if (TXN_DBI_CHANGED(txn, dbi))
		return MDB_BAD_DBI;

	rc = mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &mc);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	rc = mdb_drop0(mc, mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT);
	/* Invalidate the dropped DB's cursors */
	for (m2 = txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2 = m2->mc_next)
		m2->mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
	if (rc)
		goto leave;

	/* Can't delete the main DB */
	if (del && dbi >= CORE_DBS) {
		rc = mdb_del0(txn, MAIN_DBI, &mc->mc_dbx->md_name, NULL, F_SUBDATA);
		if (!rc) {
			txn->mt_dbflags[dbi] = DB_STALE;
			mdb_dbi_close(txn->mt_env, dbi);
		} else {
			txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
		}
	} else {
		/* reset the DB record, mark it dirty */
		txn->mt_dbflags[dbi] |= DB_DIRTY;
		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_depth = 0;
		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_branch_pages = 0;
		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_leaf_pages = 0;
		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_overflow_pages = 0;
		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_entries = 0;
		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_root = P_INVALID;

		txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_DIRTY;
	}
leave:
	mdb_cursor_close(mc);
	return rc;
}

int mdb_set_compare(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_cmp_func *cmp)
{
	if (!TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
		return EINVAL;

	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_cmp = cmp;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int mdb_set_dupsort(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_cmp_func *cmp)
{
	if (!TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
		return EINVAL;

	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_dcmp = cmp;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int mdb_set_relfunc(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_rel_func *rel)
{
	if (!TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
		return EINVAL;

	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_rel = rel;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int mdb_set_relctx(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, void *ctx)
{
	if (!TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
		return EINVAL;

	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_relctx = ctx;
	return MDB_SUCCESS;
}

int ESECT
mdb_env_get_maxkeysize(MDB_env *env)
{
	return ENV_MAXKEY(env);
}

int ESECT
mdb_reader_list(MDB_env *env, MDB_msg_func *func, void *ctx)
{
	unsigned int i, rdrs;
	MDB_reader *mr;
	char buf[64];
	int rc = 0, first = 1;

	if (!env || !func)
		return -1;
	if (!env->me_txns) {
		return func("(no reader locks)\n", ctx);
	}
	rdrs = env->me_txns->mti_numreaders;
	mr = env->me_txns->mti_readers;
	for (i=0; i<rdrs; i++) {
		if (mr[i].mr_pid) {
			txnid_t	txnid = mr[i].mr_txnid;
			sprintf(buf, txnid == (txnid_t)-1 ?
				"%10d %"Z"x -\n" : "%10d %"Z"x %"Yu"\n",
				(int)mr[i].mr_pid, (size_t)mr[i].mr_tid, txnid);
			if (first) {
				first = 0;
				rc = func("		pid		 thread		 txnid\n", ctx);
				if (rc < 0)
					break;
			}
			rc = func(buf, ctx);
			if (rc < 0)
				break;
		}
	}
	if (first) {
		rc = func("(no active readers)\n", ctx);
	}
	return rc;
}

/** Insert pid into list if not already present.
 * return -1 if already present.
 */
static int ESECT
mdb_pid_insert(MDB_PID_T *ids, MDB_PID_T pid)
{
	/* binary search of pid in list */
	unsigned base = 0;
	unsigned cursor = 1;
	int val = 0;
	unsigned n = ids[0];

	while( 0 < n ) {
		unsigned pivot = n >> 1;
		cursor = base + pivot + 1;
		val = pid - ids[cursor];

		if( val < 0 ) {
			n = pivot;

		} else if ( val > 0 ) {
			base = cursor;
			n -= pivot + 1;

		} else {
			/* found, so it's a duplicate */
			return -1;
		}
	}

	if( val > 0 ) {
		++cursor;
	}
	ids[0]++;
	for (n = ids[0]; n > cursor; n--)
		ids[n] = ids[n-1];
	ids[n] = pid;
	return 0;
}

int ESECT
mdb_reader_check(MDB_env *env, int *dead)
{
	if (!env)
		return EINVAL;
	if (dead)
		*dead = 0;
	return env->me_txns ? mdb_reader_check0(env, 0, dead) : MDB_SUCCESS;
}

/** As #mdb_reader_check(). \b rlocked is set if caller locked #me_rmutex. */
static int ESECT
mdb_reader_check0(MDB_env *env, int rlocked, int *dead)
{
	mdb_mutexref_t rmutex = rlocked ? NULL : env->me_rmutex;
	unsigned int i, j, rdrs;
	MDB_reader *mr;
	MDB_PID_T *pids, pid;
	int rc = MDB_SUCCESS, count = 0;

	rdrs = env->me_txns->mti_numreaders;
	pids = malloc((rdrs+1) * sizeof(MDB_PID_T));
	if (!pids)
		return ENOMEM;
	pids[0] = 0;
	mr = env->me_txns->mti_readers;
	for (i=0; i<rdrs; i++) {
		pid = mr[i].mr_pid;
		if (pid && pid != env->me_pid) {
			if (mdb_pid_insert(pids, pid) == 0) {
				if (!mdb_reader_pid(env, Pidcheck, pid)) {
					/* Stale reader found */
					j = i;
					if (rmutex) {
						if ((rc = LOCK_MUTEX0(rmutex)) != 0) {
							if ((rc = mdb_mutex_failed(env, rmutex, rc)))
								break;
							rdrs = 0; /* the above checked all readers */
						} else {
							/* Recheck, a new process may have reused pid */
							if (mdb_reader_pid(env, Pidcheck, pid))
								j = rdrs;
						}
					}
					for (; j<rdrs; j++)
							if (mr[j].mr_pid == pid) {
								DPRINTF(("clear stale reader pid %u txn %"Yd,
									(unsigned) pid, mr[j].mr_txnid));
								mr[j].mr_pid = 0;
								count++;
							}
					if (rmutex)
						UNLOCK_MUTEX(rmutex);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	free(pids);
	if (dead)
		*dead = count;
	return rc;
}

#ifdef MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED
/** Handle #LOCK_MUTEX0() failure.
 * Try to repair the lock file if the mutex owner died.
 * @param[in] env	the environment handle
 * @param[in] mutex	LOCK_MUTEX0() mutex
 * @param[in] rc	LOCK_MUTEX0() error (nonzero)
 * @return 0 on success with the mutex locked, or an error code on failure.
 */
static int ESECT
mdb_mutex_failed(MDB_env *env, mdb_mutexref_t mutex, int rc)
{
	int rlocked, rc2;
	MDB_meta *meta;

	if (rc == MDB_OWNERDEAD) {
		/* We own the mutex. Clean up after dead previous owner. */
		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
		rlocked = (mutex == env->me_rmutex);
		if (!rlocked) {
			/* Keep mti_txnid updated, otherwise next writer can
			 * overwrite data which latest meta page refers to.
			 */
			meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
			env->me_txns->mti_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
			/* env is hosed if the dead thread was ours */
			if (env->me_txn) {
				env->me_flags |= MDB_FATAL_ERROR;
				env->me_txn = NULL;
				rc = MDB_PANIC;
			}
		}
		DPRINTF(("%cmutex owner died, %s", (rlocked ? 'r' : 'w'),
			(rc ? "this process' env is hosed" : "recovering")));
		rc2 = mdb_reader_check0(env, rlocked, NULL);
		if (rc2 == 0)
			rc2 = mdb_mutex_consistent(mutex);
		if (rc || (rc = rc2)) {
			DPRINTF(("LOCK_MUTEX recovery failed, %s", mdb_strerror(rc)));
			UNLOCK_MUTEX(mutex);
		}
	} else {
#ifdef _WIN32
		rc = ErrCode();
#endif
		DPRINTF(("LOCK_MUTEX failed, %s", mdb_strerror(rc)));
	}
#ifdef __APPLE__
	if (rc == EINVAL)
		rc = MDB_LOCK_FAILURE;
#endif
	return rc;
}
#endif	/* MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED */

#if defined(_WIN32)
/** Convert \b src to new wchar_t[] string with room for \b xtra extra chars */
static int ESECT
utf8_to_utf16(const char *src, MDB_name *dst, int xtra)
{
	int rc, need = 0;
	wchar_t *result = NULL;
	for (;;) {					/* malloc result, then fill it in */
		need = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, src, -1, result, need);
		if (!need) {
			rc = ErrCode();
			free(result);
			return rc;
		}
		if (!result) {
			result = malloc(sizeof(wchar_t) * (need + xtra));
			if (!result)
				return ENOMEM;
			continue;
		}
		dst->mn_alloced = 1;
		dst->mn_len = need - 1;
		dst->mn_val = result;
		return MDB_SUCCESS;
	}
}
#endif /* defined(_WIN32) */
/** @} */
